Division B
Part 3 - Fire Protection, Occupant Safety and Accessibility (See Note A-3)
Section 3.1 GeneralCopy link
3.1.1. Scope and DefinitionsCopy link
3.1.1.1. ScopeCopy link
(1)The scope of this Part shall be as described in Subsection 1.3.3. of Division A.
3.1.1.2. Defined WordsCopy link
(1)Words that appear in italics are defined in Article 1.4.1.2. of Division A.
3.1.1.3. ReservedCopy link
3.1.1.4. ReservedCopy link
3.1.1.5. RadonCopy link
(1)In addition to all other requirements, a building in the following designated areas shall be designed and constructed so that the annual average concentration of radon 222 does not exceed 200 Bq/m³ of air and the annual average concentration of the short lived daughters of radon 222 does not exceed 0.02 working levels inside the building:
(a)the City of Elliot Lake in the Territorial District of Algoma,
(b)the Township of Faraday in the County of Hastings, and
(c)the geographic Township of Hyman in the Territorial District of Sudbury.
3.1.1.6. Building in Flood PlainsCopy link
(1)Buildings constructed on flood plains shall
(a)be designed and constructed in accordance with good engineering practice to withstand anticipated vertical and horizontal hydrostatic pressures acting on the structure, and
(b)incorporate floodproofing measures that will preserve the integrity of exits and means of egress during times of flooding.
3.1.2. Classification of Buildings or Parts of Buildings by Major Occupancy (See Note A-3.1.2.)Copy link
3.1.2.1. Classification of BuildingsCopy link
(1)Except as permitted by Articles 3.1.2.3. to 3.1.2.7., every building or part thereof shall be classified according to its major occupancy as belonging to one of the Groups or Divisions described in Table 3.1.2.1. (See Note A-3.1.2.1.(1))
(2)A building intended for use by more than one major occupancy shall be classified according to all major occupancies for which it is used or intended to be used.
3.1.2.2. Occupancies of the Same ClassificationCopy link
(1)Any building is deemed to be occupied by a single major occupancy, notwithstanding its use for more than one major occupancy, provided that all occupancies are classified as belonging to the same Group classification or, where the Group is divided into Divisions, as belonging to the same Division classification described in Table 3.1.2.1.
3.1.2.3. Arena-Type BuildingsCopy link
(1)An arena-type building intended for occasional use for trade shows and similar exhibition purposes shall be classified as Group A, Division 3 occupancy. (See Note A-3.1.2.3.(1))
3.1.2.4. Police StationsCopy link
(1)A police station with detention quarters is permitted to be classified as a Group B, Division 2 major occupancy provided the station is not more than 1 storey in building height and 600 m² in building area.
3.1.2.5. Group B, Division 3 OccupanciesCopy link
(1)Group B, Division 3 occupancies are permitted to be classified as Group C major occupancies within the application of Part 3 provided
(a)the occupants live as a single housekeeping unit in a suite with sleeping accommodation for not more than 10 persons, and
(b)not more than two occupants require assistance in evacuation in case of an emergency.
3.1.2.6. Storage of Combustible FibresCopy link
(1)Buildings or parts of thereof used for the storage of baled combustible fibres shall be classified as medium-hazard industrial occupancies.
3.1.2.7. RestaurantsCopy link
(1)A restaurant is permitted to be classified as a Group E major occupancy within the application of Part 3 provided the restaurant is designed to accommodate not more than 30 persons consuming food or drink.
3.1.3. Multiple Occupancy RequirementsCopy link
3.1.3.1. Separation of Major OccupanciesCopy link
(1)Except as permitted by Sentences (2) and (3), major occupancies shall be separated from adjoining major occupancies by fire separations having fire-resistance ratings conforming to Table 3.1.3.1.
(2)In a building not more than 3 storeys in building height, if not more than two dwelling units are contained together with a Group E major occupancy, the fire-resistance rating of the fire separation between the two major occupancies need not be more than 1 h.
(3)In a building conforming to the requirements of Articles 3.2.8.2. to 3.2.8.8., the requirements of Sentence (1) for fire separations between major occupancies do not apply at the vertical plane around the perimeter of an opening through the horizontal fire separation.
(4)Where the building or part thereof is constructed in accordance with Article 3.2.2.57. or 3.2.2.60., a fire separation with a 2 h fire- resistance rating is required between the Group D and Group A, Division 2 major occupancies.
(5)See Sentence 3.1.3.1.(2).
(6)(8) — 2 — — F-3 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 1
(7)Where the building or part thereof is constructed in accordance with Article 3.2.2.48., a fire separation with a 2 h fire-resistance rating is required between the Group C major occupancy and a storage garage.
(8)Where the building or part thereof is constructed in accordance with Article 3.2.2.57., a fire separation with a 1 h fire-resistance rating is required between the Group D and Group E or Group F, Division 2 or 3 major occupancies.
3.1.3.2. Prohibition of Occupancy CombinationsCopy link
(1)No major occupancy of Group F, Division 1 shall be contained within a building with any occupancy classified as Group A, B or C.
(2)Except as provided in Sentence (4) and Sentence 3.10.2.4.(9), not more than one suite of residential occupancy shall be contained within a building classified as a Group F, Division 2 major occupancy.
(3)A sleeping room or sleeping area shall not open directly into a room or area where food is intended to be stored, prepared, processed, distributed, served, sold or offered for sale. (See Note A-3.1.3.2.(3))
(4)A Group F, Division 2 major occupancy is permitted in a building containing only live/work units if the occupancy is for the exclusive use of the occupants of the live/work units.
(5)A building within the scope of Article 3.2.2.51. or 3.2.2.60. shall not contain a retirement home.
3.1.4. Combustible ConstructionCopy link
3.1.4.1. Combustible Materials PermittedCopy link
(1)A building permitted to be of combustible construction is permitted to be constructed of combustible materials, with or without noncombustible components. (See Note A-3.1.4.1.(1))
3.1.4.2. Protection of Foamed Plastics (See Note A-3.1.4.2.)Copy link
(1)Except as permitted in Sentence (2), foamed plastics that form part of a wall or ceiling assembly in combustible construction shall be protected from adjacent spaces in the building, other than adjacent concealed spaces within attic or roof spaces, crawl spaces, and wall and ceiling assemblies,
(a)by one of the interior finishes described in Subsections 9.29.4. to 9.29.9.,
(b)provided the building does not contain a Group A, Group B or Group C major occupancy, by sheet metal
(i)mechanically fastened to the supporting assembly independent of the insulation,
(ii)not less than 0.38 mm thick, and
(iii)with a melting point not below 650°C, or
(c)any thermal barrier that meets the requirements of Sentence 3.1.5.15.(2). (See Note A-3.1.4.2.(1)(c)) (See Note A-3.1.4.2.(1))
(2)A walk-in cooler or freezer consisting of factory-assembled wall, floor or ceiling panels containing foamed plastics is permitted to be used in a building permitted to be of combustible construction, provided the panels
(a)are protected on both sides by sheet metal not less than 0.38 mm thick having a melting point not less than 650°C,
(b)do not contain an air space, and
(c)when a sample panel with an assembled joint typical of field installation is subjected to the applicable test described n Subsection 3.1.12., have a flame-spread rating not more than that permitted for the space in which they are located, the space that they bound, as applicable. (See Note A-3.1.4.2.(2) and 3.1.5.7.(3))
(3)The flame-spread rating of doors containing foamed plastics shall comply with Sentences 3.1.13.2.(1) to (3).
3.1.4.3. Wires and CablesCopy link
(1)Except as required by Sentence (2), optical fibre cables and electrical wires and cables with combustible insulation, jackets or sheathes installed in a building permitted to be of combustible construction shall
(a)not convey flame or continue to burn for more than 1 min when tested in conformance with the Vertical Flame Test (FT1 rating) in CSA C22.2 No. 0.3, “Test Methods for Electrical Wires and Cables,” or
(b)be located in
(i)totally enclosed noncombustible raceways, (See Note A-3.1.4.3.(1)(b)(i))
(ii)masonry walls,
(iii)concrete slabs, or
(iv)totally enclosed non-metallic raceways conforming to Clause 3.1.5.23.(1)(b). (See Note A-3.1.4.3.(1)) (See also Sentence 3.6.4.3.(1))
(2)Except as permitted in Sentences (3) and (4), optical fibre cables and electrical wires and cables with combustible insulation, jackets or sheathes that are used for the transmission of voice, sound or data and are installed in a plenum in a building permitted to be of combustible construction shall exhibit the following characteristics when tested in conformance with CAN/ULC-S102.4, “Standard Method of Test for Fire and Smoke Characteristics of Electrical Wiring, Cables and Non-Metallic Raceways,” (FT6 rating):
(a)a horizontal flame distance of not more than 1.5 m,
(b)an average optical smoke density of not more than 0.15, and
(c)a peak optical smoke density of not more than 0.5.
(3)Except as permitted in Sentence (4), where totally enclosed noncombustible raceways are used in a plenum, exposed components of wiring systems with combustible insulation, jackets or sheathes, including optical fibre cables and electrical wires and cables that are used for the transmission of voice, sound or data, that are installed in the plenum or that extend not more than 9 m from the plenum, including drop down to the floor level, are permitted, provided they exhibit a vertical char of not more than 1.5 m when tested in conformance with the Vertical Flame Test – Cables in Cable Trays (FT4 rating) in CSA C22.2 No. 0.3, “Test Methods for Electrical Wires and Cables.”
(4)Cables or wires within plenums that are used for the transmission of signals in fire alarm systems need not comply with the requirements of Sentence (2).
3.1.4.4. Non-metallic RacewaysCopy link
(1)Totally enclosed non-metallic raceways used in a plenum in a building permitted to be of combustible construction shall meet the requirements of Clause 3.1.5.23.(1)(a).
3.1.4.5. Fire-Retardant-Treated WoodCopy link
(1)If fire-retardant-treated wood is specified in this Part, the wood shall
(a)be pressure impregnated with fire-retardant chemicals in conformance with CAN/CSA-O80 Series, “Wood preservation,” and
(b)have a flame-spread rating not more than 25.
3.1.4.6. Heavy Timber Construction AlternativeCopy link
(1)If combustible construction is permitted and is not required to have a fire-resistance rating more than 45 min, heavy timber construction is permitted to be used.
(2)If heavy timber construction is permitted, it shall conform to Article 3.1.4.7.
3.1.4.7. Heavy Timber ConstructionCopy link
(1)Wood elements in heavy timber construction shall be arranged in heavy solid masses and with essentially smooth flat surfaces to avoid thin sections and sharp projections.
(2)Except as permitted by Sentences (3) to (6) and (12), the minimum dimensions of wood elements in heavy timber construction shall conform to Table 3.1.4.7.
(3)Where splice plates are used at splices of roof arches supported on the tops of walls or abutments, roof trusses, roof beams and roof girders in heavy timber construction, they shall be not less than 64 mm thick.
(4)Floors in heavy timber construction shall be of glued-laminated or solid sawn plank not less than
(a)64 mm thick, splined or tongued and grooved, or
(b)38 mm wide and 89 mm deep set on edge and well-spiked together.
(5)Floors in heavy timber construction shall be laid
(a)so that no continuous line of end joints will occur except at points of support, and covered with
(i)tongued and grooved flooring not less than 19 mm thick laid crosswise or diagonally, or
(ii)tongued and grooved phenolic-bonded plywood, strandboard or waferboard not less than 12.5 mm thick, and
(b)not closer than 15 mm to the walls to provide for expansion, with the gap covered at the top or bottom.
(6)Roofs in heavy timber construction shall be of tongued and grooved phenolic-bonded plywood, strandboard or waferboard not less than 28 mm thick, or glued-laminated or solid sawn plank that is
(a)not less than 38 mm thick, splined or tongued and grooved, or
(b)not less than 38 mm wide and 64 mm deep set on edge and laid so that no continuous line of end joints will occur except at the points of support.
(7)Wood columns in heavy timber construction shall be continuous or superimposed throughout all storeys.
(8)Superimposed wood columns in heavy timber construction shall be connected by
(a)reinforced concrete or metal caps with brackets,
(b)steel or iron caps with pintles and base plates, or
(c)timber splice plates fastened to the columns by metal connectors housed within the contact faces.
(9)Where beams and girders in heavy timber construction enter masonry, wall plates, boxes of the self-releasing type or hangers shall be used.
(10)Wood girders and beams in heavy timber construction shall be closely fitted to columns, and adjoining ends shall be connected by ties or caps to transfer horizontal loads across the joints.
(11)In heavy timber construction, intermediate wood beams used to support a floor shall be supported on top of the girders or on metal hangers into which the ends of the beams are closely fitted.
(12)Roof arches supported on the tops of walls or abutments, roof trusses, roof beams and roof girders in heavy timber construction are permitted to be not less than 64 mm wide provided
(a)where two or more spaced members are used, the intervening spaces are
(i)blocked solidly throughout, or
(ii)tightly closed by a continuous wood cover plate not less than 38 mm thick secured to the underside of the members, or
(b)the underneath of the roof deck or sheathing is sprinklered.
3.1.4.8. CladdingCopy link
(1)Except as provided in Sentence (2), not less than 90% of the exterior cladding on each exterior wall of buildings conforming to Article 3.2.2.51. or 3.2.2.60. shall consist of
(a)noncombustible cladding, or
(b)except as provided in Sentence (4), a wall assembly that satisfies the criteria of Clause 3.1.5.5.(1)(b). (See Note A-3.1.4.8.(1)) (See also Notes A-3.1.5.5.(1)(b)(i) and A-3.1.5.5.(1)(b)(ii))
(2)Where a building is considered to face 1 street in accordance with Clause 3.2.2.10.(3)(b), the exterior cladding on each exterior wall of buildings conforming to Article 3.2.2.51. or 3.2.2.60. shall consist of
(a)noncombustible cladding, or
(b)except as provided in Sentence (4), a wall assembly that satisfies the criteria of Clause 3.1.5.5.(1)(b).
(3)A wall assembly conforming to Clause (1)(b) or (2)(b) that includes combustible cladding made of fire-retardant- treated wood shall be tested for fire exposure after the cladding has been subjected to the accelerated weathering test specified in ASTM D2898, “Standard Practice for Accelerated Weathering of Fire-Retardant-Treated Wood for Fire Testing.”
(4)An exterior wall assembly constructed in conformance with Section 6 of MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-2, “Fire Performance Ratings” is deemed to satisfy the criteria of Clause (1)(b) and (2)(b).
3.1.5. Noncombustible ConstructionCopy link
3.1.5.1. Noncombustible Materials (See Note A-3.1.4.1.(1))Copy link
(1)Except as permitted by Sentences (2) to (4) and Articles 3.1.5.2. to 3.1.5.29., 3.1.13.4. and 3.2.2.16., a building or part of a building required to be of noncombustible construction, shall be constructed with noncombustible materials. (See also Subsection 3.1.13. for the requirements regarding the flame-spread rating of interior finishes.)
(2)Notwithstanding the definition of noncombustible materials stated in Article 1.4.1.2. of Division A, a material is permitted to be used in noncombustible construction provided that, when tested in accordance with ULC S135, “Standard Test Method for the Determination of Combustibility Parameters of Building Materials Using an Oxygen Consumption Calorimeter (Cone Calorimeter)”, at a heat flux of 50 kW/m²,
(a)its average total heat release is not more than 3 MJ/m²,
(b)its average total smoke extinction area is not more than 1.0 m², and
(c)the test duration is extended beyond the time stipulated in the referenced standard until it is clear that there is no further release of heat or smoke.
(3)If a material referred to in Sentence (2) consists of a number of discrete layers and testing reveals that the surface layer or layers protect the underlying layers such that complete combustion of the underlying layers does not occur, the test shall be repeated by removing the outer layers sequentially until all layers have been exposed during testing, or until complete combustion has occurred.
(4)The acceptance criteria for a material tested in accordance with Sentence (3) shall be based on the cumulative emissions from all layers, which must not exceed the criteria stated in Clauses (2)(a) and (b).
3.1.5.2. Minor Combustible ComponentsCopy link
(1)The following minor combustible components are permitted in a building required to be of noncombustible construction:
(a)paint, (See also Clause 3.1.13.1.(2)(b))
(b)self-adhesive tapes, mastics and caulking materials including foamed plastic air sealants, applied to provide a seal between the major components of exterior wall construction, (See also Article 3.6.4.3. for limits on the use of combustible materials in plenum spaces),
(c)firestops and fire blocks conforming to Sentence 3.1.9.1.(1) Article 3.1.11.7.,
(d)tubing for pneumatic controls provided it has an outside diameter not more than 10 mm,
(e)adhesives, vapour barriers and sheathing papers,
(f)electrical outlet and junction boxes,
(g)wood blocking intended for the attachment of window elements within exterior wall assemblies,
(h)wood blocking within wall assemblies intended for the attachment of handrails, fixtures, and similar items mounted on the surface of the wall, and
(i)similar minor components.
3.1.5.3. Combustible Roofing MaterialsCopy link
(1)Combustible roof covering that has an A, B or C classification determined in conformance with Subsection 3.1.15. is permitted on a building required to be of noncombustible construction.
(2)Combustible roof sheathing and roof sheathing supports installed above a concrete deck are permitted on a building required to be of noncombustible construction provided
(a)the concrete deck is not less than 50 mm thick,
(b)the height of the roof space above the deck is not more than 1 m,
(c)the roof space is divided into compartments by fire blocks in conformance with Article 3.1.11.5.,
(d)openings through the concrete deck, other than for noncombustible roof drains and plumbing piping, are protected by masonry or concrete shafts
(i)constructed as fire separations having a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h, and
(ii)extending from the concrete deck to not less than 150 mm above the adjacent roof sheathing,
(e)the perimeter of the roof is protected by a noncombustible parapet extending from the concrete deck to not less than 150 mm above the adjacent sheathing, and
(f)except as permitted by Clause (d), the roof space does not contain any building services.
(3)Combustible cant strips, roof curbs, nailing strips and similar components used in the installation of roofing are permitted on a building required to be of noncombustible construction.
(4)Wood nailer facings to parapets that are not more than 610 mm high are permitted on a building required to be of noncombustible construction, provided the facings and any roof membranes covering the facings are protected by sheet metal.
3.1.5.4. Combustible Windows, Glazing and SkylightsCopy link
(1)Combustible skylight assemblies are permitted in a building required to be of noncombustible construction if the assemblies have a flame-spread rating not more than
(a)150 provided the assemblies
(i)have an individual area not more than 9 m²,
(ii)have an aggregate horizontal projected area of the openings through the ceiling not more than 25% of the area of the ceiling of the room or space in which they are located, and
(iii)are spaced not less than 2.5 m from adjacent assemblies and 1 200 mm from required fire separations, or
(b)75 provided the assemblies
(i)have an individual area not more than 27 m²,
(ii)have an aggregate horizontal projected area of the openings through the ceiling not more than 33% of the area of the ceiling of the room or space in which they are located, and
(iii)are spaced not less than 1.2 m from adjacent assemblies and from required fire separations. (See Note A-3.1.5.4.(1))
(2)Combustible vertical glazing installed no higher than the second storey is permitted in a building required to be of noncombustible construction.
(3)Except as permitted by Sentence (4), the combustible vertical glazing permitted by Sentence (2) shall have a flame- spread rating not more than 75.
(4)The flame-spread rating of combustible glazing is permitted to be not more than 150 if the aggregate area of glazing is not more than 25% of the wall area of the storey in which it is located, and
(a)the glazing is installed in a building not more than 1 storey in building height,
(b)the glazing in the first storey is separated from the glazing in the second storey in accordance with the requirements of Article 3.2.3.17. for opening protection, or
(c)the building is sprinklered throughout.
(5)Combustible window sashes and frames are permitted in a building required to be of noncombustible construction, provided they are vertically non-contiguous between storeys.
3.1.5.5. Combustible Cladding on Exterior WallsCopy link
(1)Except as provided in Sentences (2) and (3), combustible cladding is permitted to be used on an exterior wall assembly in a building required to be of noncombustible construction, provided
(a)the building is
(i)not more than 3 storeys in building height, or
(ii)sprinklered throughout, and
(b)except as provided in Sentence (4), when tested in accordance with CAN/ULC-S134, “Standard Method of Fire Test of Exterior Wall Assemblies,” the wall assembly satisfies the following criteria for testing and conditions of acceptance: (See Note A-3.1.5.5.(1)(b))
(i)flaming on or in the wall assembly does not spread more than 5 m above the opening, and (See Note A- 3.1.5.5.(1)(b)(i))
(ii)the heat flux during the flame exposure on the wall assembly is not more than 35 kW/m
(2)Except as permitted by Articles 3.2.3.10. and 3.2.3.11., where the limiting distance in Tables 3.2.3.1.-B to 3.2.3.1.-E permits an area of unprotected openings of not more than 10% of the exposing building face, the construction requirements of Table 3.2.3.7. shall be met.
(3)A wall assembly permitted by Sentence (1) that includes combustible cladding of fire-retardant-treated wood shall be tested for fire exposure after the cladding has been subjected to an accelerated weathering test as specified in ASTM D2898, “Standard Practice for Accelerated Weathering of Fire-Retardant-Treated Wood for Fire Testing.”
(4)Exterior wall assemblies constructed in accordance with Section 6 of MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-2, “Fire Performance Ratings” are deemed to comply with Clause (1)(b).
3.1.5.6. Combustible Components in Exterior WallsCopy link
(1)Combustible components, other than those permitted by Article 3.1.5.5. and Sentence 3.1.5.7.(2), are permitted to be used in an exterior wall assembly of a building required to be of noncombustible construction, provided
(a)the building is
(i)not more than 3 storeys in building height, or
(ii)sprinklered throughout, and
(b)the wall assembly
(i)except as provided in Sentence (2), satisfies the criteria of Clause 3.1.5.5.(1)(b), or
(ii)is protected by masonry or concrete cladding not less than 25 mm thick. (See Note A-3.1.5.5.(1)(b))
(2)Exterior wall assemblies constructed in accordance with Section 6 of MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-2, “Fire Performance Ratings” are deemed to comply with Subclause (1)(b)(i).
3.1.5.7. Factory-Assembled PanelsCopy link
(1)Except as provided in Sentence (2), factory-assembled wall and ceiling panels containing foamed plastic insulation with a flame-spread rating not more than 500 are permitted to be used in a building required to be of noncombustible construction, provided
(a)the building
(i)is sprinklered,
(ii)is not more than 18 m high, measured from grade to the underside of the roof, and
(iii)does not contain a Group A, Group B or Group C major occupancy, and
(b)the panels
(i)do not contain an air space,
(ii)when tested in accordance with CAN/ULC-S138, “Standard Method of Test for Fire Growth of Insulated Building Panels in a Full-Scale Room Configuration,” meet the criteria defined therein, and
(iii)when a sample panel with an assembled joint typical of field installation is subjected to the applicable test described in Subsection 3.1.12., have a flame-spread rating not more than that permitted for the room or space that they bound.
(2)Factory-assembled exterior wall panels containing thermosetting foamed plastic insulation are permitted to be used in a building required to be of noncombustible construction, provided
(a)the building
(i)is not more than 18 m high, measured from grade to the underside of the roof, and
(ii)does not contain a Group B or Group C major occupancy, and
(b)the wall panels
(i)do not contain an air space,
(ii)are protected on both sides by sheet steel not less than 0.38 mm thick,
(iii)remain in place for not less than 10 min when tested in accordance with CAN/ULC-S101, “Standard Method of Fire Endurance Tests of Building Construction and Materials,” where the exposed surface includes typical vertical and horizontal joints, and
(iv)when a sample panel with an assembled joint typical of field installation is subjected to the applicable test described in Subsection 3.1.12., have a flame-spread rating not more than that permitted for the room or space that they bound.
(3)A walk-in cooler or freezer consisting of factory-assembled wall, floor or ceiling panels containing foamed plastic insulation with a flame-spread rating not more than 500 is permitted to be used in a building required to be of noncombustible construction, provided
(a)the building is sprinklered, and
(b)the panels
(i)are protected on both sides by sheet metal not less than 0.38 mm thick with a melting point not less than 650°C,
(ii)do not contain an air space,
(iii)when tested in accordance with CAN/ULC-S138, “Standard Method of Test for Fire Growth of Insulated Building Panels in a Full-Scale Room Configuration,” meet the criteria defined therein, and
(iv)when a sample panel with an assembled joint typical of field installation is subjected to the applicable test described in Subsection 3.1.12., have a flame-spread rating not more than that permitted for the space in which they are located or the space that they bound, as applicable. (See Note A-3.1.4.2.(2) and 3.1.5.7.(3))
3.1.5.8. Nailing ElementsCopy link
(1)Wood nailing elements attached directly to or set into a continuous noncombustible backing for the attachment of interior finishes are permitted in a building required to be of noncombustible construction provided the concealed space created by the wood elements is not more than 50 mm thick.
3.1.5.9. Combustible MillworkCopy link
(1)Combustible millwork, including interior trim, doors and door frames, show windows together with their frames, aprons and backing, handrails, shelves, cabinets and counters, is permitted in a building required to be of noncombustible construction.
3.1.5.10. Combustible Flooring ElementsCopy link
(1)Combustible stage flooring supported on noncombustible structural members is permitted in a building required to be of noncombustible construction.
(2)Wood members more than 50 mm but not more than 300 mm high applied directly to or set into a noncombustible floor slab are permitted for the construction of a raised platform in a building required to be of noncombustible construction provided the concealed spaces created are divided into compartments by fire blocks in conformance with Sentence 3.1.11.3.(2).
(3)The floor system for the raised platform referred to in Sentence (2) is permitted to include combustible subfloor and combustible finished flooring.
(4)Combustible finished flooring is permitted in a building required to be of noncombustible construction.
3.1.5.11. Combustible Stairs in Dwelling UnitsCopy link
(1)Combustible stairs are permitted in a dwelling unit in a building required to be of noncombustible construction.
3.1.5.12. Combustible Interior FinishesCopy link
(1)Except permitted in Sentences (2) and (3), combustible interior wall and ceiling finishes referred to in Clause 3.1.13.1.(2)(b) that are not more than 1 mm thick are permitted in a building required to be of noncombustible construction.
(2)Combustible interior wall finishes, other than foamed plastics, that are not more than 25 mm thick are permitted in a building required to be of noncombustible construction, provided they have a flame-spread rating not more than 150 on any exposed surface or any surface that would be exposed by cutting through the material in any direction.
(3)Except as provided in Sentence (4), combustible interior ceiling finishes, other than foamed plastics, that are not more than 25 mm thick are permitted in a building required to be of noncombustible construction, provided they have a flame-spread rating not more than 25 on any exposed surface or on any surface that would be exposed by cutting through the material in any direction, except that not more than 10% of the ceiling area within each fire compartment is permitted to have a flame-spread rating not more than 150.
(4)Combustible interior ceiling finishes made of fire-retardant-treated wood are permitted in a building required to be of noncombustible construction, provided they are not more than 25 mm thick or are exposed fire-retardant-treated wood battens.
3.1.5.13. Gypsum BoardCopy link
(1)Gypsum board with a tightly adhering paper covering not more than 1 mm thick is permitted in a building required to be of noncombustible construction provided the flame-spread ratin g of the surface is not more than 25.
3.1.5.14. Combustible Insulation (See Notes A-3.1.4.2. and A-3.1.4.2.(1))Copy link
(1)Foamed plastic insulation shall conform to Article 3.1.5.15.
(2)Combustible insulation with a flame-spread rating not more than 25 on any exposed surface, or any surface that would be exposed by cutting through the material in any direction, is permitted in a building required to be of noncombustible construction.
(3)Combustible insulation is permitted to be installed above roof decks, outside of foundation walls below ground level and beneath concrete slabs-on-ground of buildings required to be of noncombustible construction.
(4)Except as provided in Sentences (5) and (6), combustible insulation with a flame-spread rating more than 25 but not more than 500 on any exposed surface, or any surface that would be exposed by cutting through the material in any direction, is permitted in a building required to be of noncombustible construction, provided the insulation is protected from adjacent space in the building, other than adjacent concealed spaces within wall assemblies, by a thermal barrier consisting of
(a)not less than 12.7 mm thick gypsum board mechanically fastened to a supporting assembly independent of the insulation,
(b)lath and plaster, mechanically fastened to a supporting assembly independent of the insulation,
(c)masonry, or
(d)concrete.
(5)Combustible insulation with a flame-spread rating more than 25 but not more than 500 on any exposed surface, or any surface that would be exposed by cutting through the material in any direction, is permitted in the exterior walls of a building required to be of noncombustible construction that is not sprinklered and is more than 18 m high, measured from grade to the underside of the roof, provided the insulation is protected from adjacent space in the building, other than adjacent concealed spaces within wall assemblies, by a thermal barrier consisting of
(a)gypsum board not less than 12.7 mm thick, mechanically fastened to a supporting assembly independent of the insulation and with all joints either backed or taped and filled,
(b)lath and plaster, mechanically fastened to a supporting assembly independent of the insulation,
(c)masonry or concrete not less than 25 mm thick, or
(d)any thermal barrier that, when tested in conformance with CAN/ULC-S101, “Standard Method of Fire Endurance Tests of Building Construction and Materials,” will not develop an average temperature rise more than 140°C or a maximum temperature rise more than 180°C at any point on its unexposed face within 10 min. (See Note A- 3.1.5.14.(5)(d)) (See also Article 3.2.3.7.)
(6)Combustible insulation with a flame-spread rating more than 25 but not more than 500 on any exposed surface, or any surface that would be exposed by cutting through the material in any direction, is permitted in the interior walls, within ceilings and within roof assemblies of a building required to be of noncombustible construction that is not sprinklered and is more than 18 m high, measured from grade to the underside of the roof, provided the insulation is protected from adjacent space in the building, other than adjacent concealed spaces within wall assemblies, by a thermal barrier consisting of
(a)Type X gypsum board not less than 15.9 mm thick, mechanically fastened to a supporting assembly independent of the insulation and with all joints either backed or taped and filled, conforming to
(i)ASTM C1177 / C1177M, “Standard Specification for Glass Mat Gypsum Substrate for Use as Sheathing,”
(ii)ASTM C1178 / C1178M, “Standard Specification for Coated Glass Mat Water-Resistant Gypsum Backing Panel,”
(iii)ASTM C1396 / C1396M, “Standard Specification for Gypsum Board,”
(iv)ASTM C1658 / C1658M, “Standard Specification for Glass Mat Gypsum Panels,” or
(v)CAN/CSA-A82.27-M, “Gypsum Board,”
(b)of non- loadbearing masonry or concrete not less than 50 mm thick,
(c)loadbearing masonry or concrete not less than 75 mm thick, or
(d)any thermal barrier that, when tested in conformance with CAN/ULC-S101, “Standard Method of Fire Endurance Tests of Building Construction and Materials,”
(i)does not develop an average temperature rise more than 140°C or a maximum temperature rise more than 180°C at any point on its unexposed face within 20 min, and
(ii)remains in place for not less than 40 min.
3.1.5.15. Foamed Plastic Insulation (See Notes A-3.1.4.2. and A-3.1.4.2.(1))Copy link
(1)Foamed plastic insulation is permitted to be installed above roof decks, outside of foundation walls below ground level and beneath concrete slabs-on-ground of a building required to be of noncombustible construction.
(2)Except as provided in Sentences (3), (4) and 3.1.5.7.(1), foamed plastic insulation with a flame-spread rating not more than 500 on any exposed surface, or any surface that would be exposed by cutting through the material in any direction, is permitted in a building required to be of noncombustible construction, provided the insulation is protected from adjacent space in the building, other than adjacent concealed spaces within wall assemblies, by a thermal barrier consisting of
(a)not less than 12.7 mm thick gypsum board mechanically fastened to a supporting assembly independent of the insulation,
(b)lath and plaster, mechanically fastened to a supporting assembly independent of the insulation,
(c)masonry,
(d)concrete, or
(e)any thermal barrier that meets the requirements of classification B when tested in conformance with CAN/ULC- S124, “Standard Method of Test for the Evaluation of Protective Coverings for Foamed Plastic”.
(3)Foamed plastic insulation with a flame-spread rating more than 25 but not more than 500 on any exposed surface, or any surface that would be exposed by cutting through the material in any direction, is permitted in the exterior walls of a building required to be of noncombustible construction that is not sprinklered and is more than 18 m high, measured from grade to the underside of the roof, provided the insulation is protected from adjacent space in the building, other than adjacent concealed spaces within wall assemblies, by a thermal barrier consisting of
(a)gypsum board not less than 12.7 mm thick, mechanically fastened to a supporting assembly independent of the insulation and with all joints either backed or taped and filled,
(b)lath and plaster, mechanically fastened to a supporting assembly independent of the insulation,
(c)masonry or concrete not less than 25 mm thick, or
(d)any thermal barrier that, when tested in conformance with CAN/ULC-S101, “Standard Method of Fire Endurance Tests of Building Construction and Materials,” does not develop an average temperature rise more than 140°C or a maximum temperature rise more than 180°C at any point on its unexposed face within 10 min. (See Note A- 3.1.5.14.(5)(d)) (See also Article 3.2.3.7.)
(4)Foamed plastic insulation with a flame-spread rating more than 25 but not more than 500 on any exposed surface, or any surface that would be exposed by cutting through the material in any direction, is permitted in the interior walls, within ceilings and within roof assemblies of a building required to be of noncombustible construction that is not sprinklered and is more than 18 m high, measured from grade to the underside of the roof, provided the insulation is protected from adjacent space in the building, other than adjacent concealed spaces within wall assemblies, by a thermal barrier consisting of
(a)Type X gypsum board not less than 15.9 mm thick, mechanically fastened to a supporting assembly independent of the insulation and with all joints either backed or taped and filled, conforming to
(i)ASTM C1177 / C1177M, “Standard Specification for Glass Mat Gypsum Substrate for Use as Sheathing,”
(ii)ASTM C1178 / C1178M, “Standard Specification for Coated Glass Mat Water-Resistant Gypsum Backing Panel,”
(iii)ASTM C1396 / C1396M, “Standard Specification for Gypsum Board,” or
(iv)CAN/CSA-A82.27-M, “Gypsum Board,”
(b)non- loadbearing masonry or concrete not less than 50 mm thick,
(c)loadbearing masonry or concrete not less than 75 mm thick, or
(d)any thermal barrier that, when tested in conformance with CAN/ULC-S101, “Standard Method of Fire Endurance Tests of Building Construction and Materials,”
(i)does not develop an average temperature rise more than 140°C or a maximum temperature rise more than 180°C at any point on its unexposed face within 20 min, and
(ii)remains in place for not less than 40 min.
3.1.5.16. Combustible Elements in PartitionsCopy link
(1)Except as permitted by Sentence (2), solid lumber partitions not less than 38 mm thick and wood framing in partitions located in a fire compartment not more than 600 m² in area are permitted to be used in a building required to be of noncombustible construction in a floor area that is not sprinklered provided the partitions
(a)are not required fire separations, and
(b)are not located in a care, care and treatment or detention occupancy or in a retirement home.
(2)Partitions installed in a building of noncombustible construction are permitted to contain wood framing provided
(a)the building is not more than 3 storeys in building height,
(b)the partitions are not located in a care, care and treatment or detention occupancy or in a retirement home, and
(c)the partitions are not installed as enclosures for exits or vertical service spaces.
(3)Solid lumber partitions not less than 38 mm thick and partitions that contain wood framing are permitted to be used in a building required to be of noncombustible construction provided
(a)the floor area containing the partitions is sprinklered throughout, and
(b)the partitions are not
(i)located in a care, care and treatment or detention occupancy or in a retirement home,
(ii)installed as enclosures for exits or vertical service spaces, or
(iii)used to satisfy the requirements of Clause 3.2.8.1.(1)(a).
3.1.5.17. Storage Lockers in Residential BuildingsCopy link
(1)Except in a retirement home, storage lockers in storage rooms are permitted to be constructed of wood in a building of residential occupancy required to be of noncombustible construction.
3.1.5.18. Combustible DuctsCopy link
(1)Except as required by Sentence 3.6.4.3.(1), combustible ducts, including plenums and duct connectors, are permitted to be used in a building required to be of noncombustible construction provided these ducts and duct connectors are used only in horizontal runs.
(2)Combustible duct linings, duct coverings, duct insulation, vibration isolation connectors, duct tape, pipe insulation and pipe coverings are permitted to be used in a building required to be of noncombustible construction provided they conform to the appropriate requirements of Subsection 3.6.5.
(3)In a building required to be of noncombustible construction, combustible ducts need not comply with the requirements of Sentences 3.6.5.1.(1) and (2) provided the ducts are
(a)part of a duct system conveying only ventilation air, and
(b)contained entirely within a dwelling unit.
3.1.5.19. Combustible Piping MaterialsCopy link
(1)Except as permitted by Clause 3.1.5.2.(1)(d) and Article 3.1.5.25. and Sentences (2) and (3), combustible piping and tubing and associated adhesives are permitted to be used in a building required to be of noncombustible construction provided that, except when concealed in a wall or concrete floor slab, they
(a)have a flame-spread rating not more than 25, and
(b)if used in a building described in Subsection 3.2.6., have a smoke developed classification not more than 50.
(2)Combustible sprinkler piping is permitted to be used within a sprinklered floor area in a building required to be of noncombustible construction. (See also Article 3.2.5.13.)
(3)Polypropylene pipes and fittings are permitted to be used for drain, waste and vent piping for the conveyance of highly corrosive materials and for piping used to distribute distilled or dialyzed water in laboratory and hospital facilities in a building required to be of noncombustible construction, provided
(a)the building is sprinklered throughout,
(b)the piping is not located in a vertical shaft, and
(c)piping that penetrates a fire separation is sealed at the penetration by a firestop that has an FT rating not less than the fire-resistance rating of the fire separation when subjected to the fire test method in CAN/ULC-S115, “Standard Method of Fire Tests of Firestop Systems,” with a pressure differential of 50 Pa between the exposed and unexposed sides, with the higher pressure on the exposed side.
3.1.5.20. Combustible Plumbing FixturesCopy link
(1)Combustible plumbing fixtures including wall and ceiling enclosures that form part of the plumbing fixture, are permitted in a building required to be of noncombustible construction provided they are constructed of material having a flame-spread rating and smoke developed classification not more than that permitted for the wall surface of the room or space in which they are installed.
3.1.5.21. Wires and CablesCopy link
(1)Except as permitted by Sentence (2) and Articles 3.1.5.22. and 3.1.5.25., optical fibre cables and electrical wires and cables with combustible insulation, jackets or sheathes are permitted in a building required to be of noncombustible construction, provided
(a)the wires and cables exhibit a vertical char of not more than 1.5 m when tested in conformance with the Vertical Flame Test – Cables in Cable Trays (FT4 rating) in CSA C22.2 No. 0.3, “Test methods for electrical wires and cables,”
(b)the wires and cables are located in
(i)totally enclosed noncombustible raceways, (See Note A-3.1.4.3.(1)(b)(i))
(ii)masonry walls,
(iii)concrete slabs,
(iv)a service room separated from the remainder of the building by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h, or
(v)totally enclosed non-metallic raceways conforming to Clause 3.1.5.23.(1)(b), or
(c)the wires and cables are communication cables used at the service entry to a building and are not more than 3 m long. (See Note A-3.1.5.21.(1))
(2)Except as permitted in Sentences (3) and (4), optical fibre cables and electrical wires and cables with combustible insulation, jackets or sheathes that are used for the transmission of voice, sound or data and are not located in totally enclosed noncombustible raceways are permitted to be installed in a plenum in a building required to be of noncombustible construction, provided the wires and cables exhibit a horizontal flame distance of not more than 1.5 m, an average optical smoke density of not more than 0.15, and a peak optical smoke density of not more than 0.5 when tested in conformance with CAN/ULC-S102.4, “Standard Method of Test for Fire and Smoke Characteristics of Electrical Wiring, Cables and Non-Metallic Raceways,” (FT6 rating).
(3)Except as permitted in Sentence (4), where totally enclosed noncombustible raceways are used in a plenum, exposed components of wiring systems with combustible insulation, jackets or sheathes, including optical fibre cables and electrical wires and cables that are used for the transmission of voice, sound or data, that are installed in the plenum or that extend not more than 9 m from the plenum including drop down to the floor level, are permitted provided they exhibit a vertical char of not more than 1.5 m when tested in conformance with the Vertical Flame Test – Cables in Cable Trays (FT4 rating) in CSA C22.2 No. 0.3, “Test methods for electrical wires and cables.”
(4)Cables or wires within plenums that are used for the transmission of signals in fire alarm systems need not comply with the requirements of Sentences (2) and (3).
3.1.5.22. Combustible Travelling Cables for ElevatorsCopy link
(1)Combustible travelling cables are permitted on elevating devices in a building required to be of noncombustible construction.
3.1.5.23. Non-metallic RacewaysCopy link
(1)Except as required in Sentence (2), subject to the limits on the size of elements that penetrate fire separations when complying with Article 3.1.9.2., within a fire compartment of a building required to be of noncombustible construction, totally enclosed non-metallic raceways not more than 175 mm in outside diameter, or of an equivalent rectangular area, are permitted to be used to enclose optical fibre cables and electrical wires and cables, provided
(a)where the wires and cables in the raceways meet or exceed the requirements of Clause 3.1.5.21.(1)(a), the non- metallic raceways meet the requirements for at least an FT4 rating in,
(i)CAN/CSA-C22.2 No. 262, “Optical Fiber Cable and Communication Cable Raceway Systems,” or
(ii)CAN/ULC-S143, “Standard Method of Fire Tests for Non-Metallic Electrical and Optical Fibre Cable Raceway Systems,” and
(b)where the wires and cables in the raceways do not meet or exceed the requirements of Clause 3.1.5.21.(1)(a), the non-metallic raceways exhibit a vertical char of not more than 1.5 m when tested in conformance with the Vertical Flame Test (FT4) – Conduit or Tubing on Cable Tray in Clause 6.16 of CSA C22.2 No. 211.0, “General Requirements and Methods of Testing for Nonmetallic Conduit.”
(2)Totally enclosed non-metallic raceways used in a plenum in a building required to be of noncombustible construction shall exhibit a horizontal flame distance of not more than 1.5 m, an average optical smoke density of not more than 0.15, and a peak optical smoke density of not more than 0.5 when tested in conformance with CAN/ULC- S102.4, “Standard Method of Test for Fire and Smoke Characteristics of Electrical Wiring, Cables and Non-Metallic Raceways,” (FT6 rating).
3.1.5.24. Wood Decorative CladdingCopy link
(1)On buildings required to be of noncombustible construction, decorative wood cladding is permitted to be used on the exterior fascias and soffits of marquees or canopies on the building face of a storey having direct access to a street or access route, provided the wood cladding is fire-retardant-treated wood that has been conditioned in conformance with ASTM D2898, “Standard Practice for Accelerated Weathering of Fire-Retardant-Treated Wood for Fire Testing,” before being tested in accordance with CAN/ULC-S102, “Standard Method of Test for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials and Assemblies.”
3.1.5.25. Wires in Computer Room FloorsCopy link
(1)Optical fibre cables and electrical wires and cables with combustible insulation, jackets or sheathes, located in the space below a raised floor in a computer room, are permitted in a building required to be of noncombustible construction provided they do not convey flame or continue to burn for more than 1 min when tested in conformance with the Vertical Flame Test in Clause 4.11.1. of CSA C22.2 No. 0.3, “Test methods for electrical wires and cables,” (FT1 Rating).
(2)The requirement in Sentence (1) is considered to be met where the wires and cables
(a)exhibit a vertical char of not more than 1.5 m when tested in conformance with the Vertical Flame Test – Cables in Cabletrough in Clause 4.11.4. of CSA C22.2 No. 0.3, “Test methods for electrical wires and cables,” (FT4 Rating), or
(b)exhibit a flame-spread of not more than 1.5 m, a smoke density of not more than 0.5 at peak optical density and a smoke density not more than 0.15 at average optical density when tested in conformance with the Flame and Smoke Test in the Appendix to CSA C22.2 No. 0.3, “Test methods for electrical wires and cables,” (FT6 Rating).
3.1.5.26. Combustible Components in Public Pools and Public SpasCopy link
(1)Combustible fittings and components in a public pool or public spa, including main drains, piping, skimmers, return inlets, steps, ladder rungs and liners, are permitted in a building required to be of noncombustible construction.
3.1.5.27. Combustible MezzaninesCopy link
(1)In a building required to be of noncombustible construction, a mezzanine located within a live/work unit is permitted to be of combustible construction, provided the area of the mezzanine is not more than 25% of the floor area of the live/work unit or 20 m², whichever is less, and has no obstructions more than 1 070 mm above the floor.
3.1.5.28. Combustible Solar Collector SystemsCopy link
(1)A combustible solar collector system is permitted to be installed above the roof of a building required to be of noncombustible construction.
3.1.5.29. Marquees Having Combustible ElementsCopy link
(1)Except as permitted in Sentence (2), exterior marquees, not greater than 7.5 m from ground level to the top of the marquee, having combustible elements, other than fabrics or films conforming to Sentence 3.1.16.1.(1), are permitted on a building required to be of noncombustible construction, provided every opening in the exposed wall of the building above the marquee is protected with wired glass in accordance with MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-2, “Fire Performance Ratings” where these openings are within,
(a)4.5 m horizontally of the marquee, and
(b)9 m vertically above the marquee.
(2)The protection required by Sentence (1) is permitted to be waived if the building is sprinklered.
3.1.6. Encapsulated Mass Timber Construction (See Note A-3.1.6.)Copy link
3.1.6.1. ScopeCopy link
(1)Encapsulated mass timber construction permitted in this Part shall conform to this Subsection.
3.1.6.2. Materials PermittedCopy link
(1)Except as otherwise provided in this Part and Sentence 6.4.3.1.(1), materials used in a building or part of a building permitted to be of encapsulated mass timber construction shall conform to Subsection 3.1.5.
3.1.6.3. Structural Mass Timber Elements (See Note A-3.1.6.3.)Copy link
(1)Except as otherwise provided in this Subsection and Articles 3.2.2.16. and 3.2.3.19., a building or part of a building permitted to be of encapsulated mass timber construction is permitted to include structural mass timber elements, including beams, columns, arches and wall, floor and roof assemblies, provided they comply with Sentences (2) and (3).
(2)Structural mass timber elements referred to in Sentence (1) shall
(a)except as provided in Sentence (4), be arranged in heavy solid masses containing no concealed spaces,
(b)have essentially smooth flat surfaces with no thin sections or sharp projections, and
(c)except as provided in Sentence 3.1.6.17.(1), conform to the minimum dimensions stated in Table 3.1.6.3.
(3)Adhesives used in structural mass timber elements referred to in Sentence (1) that are constructed of cross-laminated timber shall conform to the elevated temperature performance requirements in ANSI/APA PRG 320, “Standard for Performance-Rated Cross-Laminated Timber.”
(4)Concealed spaces are permitted within structural mass timber elements referred to in Sentence (2) and need not conform to Sentence 3.1.6.4.(1) provided the concealed spaces are,
(a)sprinklered and divided into compartments by fire blocks in conformance with Subsection 3.1.11.,
(b)completely filled with rock or slag fibre insulation conforming to CAN/ULC-S702.1 “Standard for Mineral Fibre Thermal Insulation for Buildings, Part 1: Material Specification,” and having a density not less than 32 kg/m³,
(c)if horizontal, lined with not less than a single layer of 12.7 mm thick Type X gypsum board or noncombustible material providing an encapsulation rating of not less than 25 min, or
(d)if vertical, lined with not less than a single layer of 12.7 mm thick Type X gypsum board or noncombustible material providing an encapsulation rating of not less than 25 min and vertically divided into compartments by fire blocks in conformance with Subsection 3.1.11. Table 3.1.6.3. Minimum Dimensions of Structural Mass Timber Elements in Encapsulated Mass Timber Construction Forming Part of Sentences 3.1.6.3.(2), 3.1.6.8.(1) and 3.1.6.17.(1)
3.1.6.4. Encapsulation of Mass Timber Elements (See Note A-3.1.6.3.)Copy link
(1)Except as provided in Sentences (3) to (6), 3.1.6.3.(4), 3.1.6.16.(2) and 3.1.6.17.(2), and Articles 3.1.6.7. and 3.1.6.12., the exposed surfaces of structural mass timber elements conforming to Article 3.1.6.3. shall be protected from adjacent spaces in the building, including adjacent concealed spaces within wall, floor and roof assemblies, by a material or assembly of materials conforming to Sentence (2) that provides an encapsulation rating of not less than 50 min. (See Note A-3.1.6.4.(1))
(2)Except as provided in Sentence 3.1.6.11.(1), the material or assembly of materials referred to Sentence (1) shall consist of
(a)gypsum board,
(b)gypsum concrete,
(c)noncombustible materials,
(d)materials that conform to Sentences 3.1.5.1.(2) to (4), or
(e)any combination of materials listed in Clauses
(3)Except as provided in Sentence (5), the exposed surfaces of mass timber beams, columns and arches within a suite or fire compartment need not be protected in accordance with Sentence (1), provided
(a)their aggregate surface area does not exceed 10% of the total wall area of the perimeter of the suite or fire compartment in which they are located, and
(b)the flame-spread rating on any exposed surface is not more than 150. (See Notes A-3.1.6.4.(4) and A-3.1.6.4.(3) to (6)) (5) The aggregate exposed surface area of mass timber elements within a suite permitted in Sentences (3) and (4) shall not exceed 35% of the total wall area of the perimeter of the suite. (See Note A-3.1.6.4.(3) to (6)) (6) The exposed surfaces of mass timber ceilings within a suite need not be protected in accordance with Sentence (1), provided the aggregate area does not exceed
(i)the suite contains no mass timber walls with exposed surfaces, and
(ii)the exposed surfaces of the mass timber ceiling have a flame-spread rating not more than 75. (See Note A-3.1.6.4.(3) to (6))
3.1.6.5. Determination of Encapsulation RatingsCopy link
(1)Except as provided in Article 3.1.6.6., the rating of a material or assembly of materials that is required to have an encapsulation rating shall be determined on the basis of the results of the tests conducted in conformance with CAN/ULC- S146, “Standard Method of Test for the Evaluation of Encapsulation Materials and Assemblies of Materials for the Protection of Structural Timber Elements.”
3.1.6.6. Encapsulation Materials (See Note A-3.1.6.6.)Copy link
(1)Gypsum-concrete topping and concrete not less than 38 mm thick are deemed to have an encapsulation rating of 50 min when installed on the upper side of a mass timber floor or roof assembly.
(2)Two layers of Type X gypsum board each not less than 12.7 mm thick are deemed to have an encapsulation rating of 50 min when installed on a mass timber element, provided they
(a)are fastened with a minimum of two rows of screws in each layer
(i)directly to the mass timber element with screws of sufficient length to penetrate not less than 20 mm into the mass timber element that are spaced not more than 400 mm o.c. and 20 mm to 38 mm from the boards’ edges, or
(ii)to wood furring or resilient metal or steel furring channels not more than 25 mm thick spaced not more than 400 mm o.c. on the mass timber element,
(b)are installed with the joints in each layer staggered from those in the adjacent layer,
(c)are installed in conformance with ASTM C840, “Standard Specification for Application and Finishing of Gypsum Board,” except that their joints need not be taped and finished, and
(d)conform to
(i)ASTM C1396 / C1396M, “Standard Specification for Gypsum Board,” or
(ii)CAN/CSA-A82.27-M, “Gypsum Board.” (See Note A-3.1.6.6.(2))
3.1.6.7. Combustible Roofing MaterialsCopy link
(1)Wood roof sheathing and roof sheathing supports that do not conform to Articles 3.1.6.3. and 3.1.6.4. are permitted in a building or part of a building permitted to be of encapsulated mass timber construction, provided they are installed
(a)above a concrete deck in accordance with Sentence 3.1.5.3.(2), or
(b)above a deck of encapsulated mass timber construction, where
(i)said deck is permitted to be encapsulated between the roof sheathing supports by a material or assembly of materials conforming to Sentence 3.1.6.4.(2) that provides an encapsulation rating of not less than 50 min,
(ii)the height of the roof space is not more than 1 m,
(iii)the roof space is divided into compartments by fire blocks in conformance with Article 3.1.11.5.,
(iv)openings through the deck other than for noncombustible roof drains and plumbing piping are protected by shafts constructed as fire separations having a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h that extend from the deck to not less than 150 mm above the adjacent sheathing, and
(v)except as permitted by Subclause (b)(iv), the roof space does not contain any building services. (2) Combustible cant strips, roof curbs, nailing strips and similar components used in the installation of roofing are permitted on a building or part of a building permitted to be of encapsulated mass timber construction. (3) Wood nailer facings to parapets that are not more than 610 mm high are permitted on a building or part of a building permitted to be of encapsulated mass timber construction, provided the facings and any roof membranes covering the facings are protected by sheet metal.
3.1.6.8. Combustible Window Sashes and FramesCopy link
(1)Combustible window sashes and frames are permitted in a building or part of a building permitted to be of encapsulated mass timber construction, provided
(a)each window in an exterior wall face is an individual unit separated from every other opening in the wall by noncombustible wall construction or mass timber wall construction conforming to the dimensions stated in Table 3.1.6.3.,
(b)windows in exterior walls in contiguous storeys are separated by not less than 1 m of noncombustible wall construction or mass timber wall construction conforming to the dimensions stated in Table 3.1.6.3., and
(c)the aggregate area of openings in an exterior wall face of a fire compartment is not more than 40% of the area of the wall face.
3.1.6.9. Exterior CladdingCopy link
(1)Except as provided in Sentences (2), (3) and (6), cladding on an exterior wall assembly of a building or part of a building permitted to be of encapsulated mass timber construction shall be noncombustible. (See Note A-3.1.6.9.(1) and (2))
(2)Except as provided in Sentences (3) to (5), cladding on an exterior wall assembly of a building or part of a building permitted to be of encapsulated mass timber construction is permitted to consist of
(a)to (d). (See Note A-3.1.6.9.(1) and (2)) (3) The permitted area of combustible cladding referred to in Clause (2)(a) or
(i)is not contiguous over more than 4 storeys,
(ii)represents not more than 10% of the cladding on each exterior wall of each storey,
(iii)is not more than 1.2 m in width,
(iv)has a flame-spread rating not more than 75 on any exposed surface, or any surface that would by exposed by cutting through the material in any direction,
(v)is separated from other portions of combustible cladding on adjacent storeys by a horizontal distance of not less than 2.4 m, and
(vi)is separated from other portions of combustible cladding by a horizontal distance of not less than 1.2 m,
(b)shall not exceed 5% of the cladding on each exterior wall of each storey where firefighting facilities cannot reach the building within 10 min of the alarm being received . (4) An exterior wall assembly constructed in conformance with Section 6 of MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-2, “Fire Performance Ratings” is deemed to satisfy the criteria of Clause (2)(d). (5) Except as provided in Article 3.2.3.10., where the limiting distance in Table 3.2.3.1.-D or Table 3.2.3.1.-E permits an area of unprotected openings of not more than 10% of the exposing building face, the construction requirements of Table 3.2.3.7. shall be met. (6) A wall assembly conforming to Clause (2)(d) that includes combustible cladding made of fire-retardant-treated wood shall be tested for fire exposure after the cladding has been subjected to the accelerated weathering test specified in ASTM D2898, “Standard Practice for Accelerated Weathering of Fire-Retardant-Treated Wood for Fire Testing,” (7) Where combustible cladding conforming to Clause (2)(a) or
(i)is not contiguous across adjacent storeys,
(ii)represents not more than 10% of the cladding on each exterior wall of each storey,
(iii)has a flame-spread rating not more than 75 on any exposed surface, or any surface that would be exposed by cutting through the material in any direction, and
(iv)is separated from other portions of combustible cladding on adjacent storeys by a horizontal distance of not less than 2.4 m,
(c)combustible cladding representing up to 100% of the cladding on exterior walls of the first storey, provided all portions of the cladding can be directly accessed and are located not more than 15 m from a street or access route conforming to Article 3.2.5.6., measured horizontally from the face of the building,
(d)except as provided in Sentence (4), a wall assembly that satisfies the criteria described in Clause 3.1.5.5.(1)(b), or
(e)a combination of noncombustible cladding and the cladding described in Clauses
3.1.6.10. Combustible Components in Exterior WallsCopy link
(1)Except as provided in Sentence (2), combustible components, other than those permitted by Article 3.1.6.9., are permitted to be used in an exterior wall assembly of a building or part of a building permitted to be of encapsulated mass timber construction provided the wall assembly meets the requirements of Clause 3.1.6.9.(2)(d).
(2)An exterior wall assembly constructed in conformance with Section 6 in MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-2, “Fire Performance Ratings” is deemed to satisfy the criteria of Sentence (1).
(3)Non- loadbearing wood elements permitted in Article 3.1.5.6. need not conform to Article 3.1.6.3. in a building or part of a building permitted to be of encapsulated mass timber construction.
3.1.6.11. Nailing ElementsCopy link
(1)Wood nailing elements are permitted to be used for the attachment of a material or assembly of materials to provide an encapsulation rating in a building or part of a building permitted to be of encapsulated mass timber construction, provided the concealed space created by the wood nailing elements is not more than 25 mm deep.
(2)Except as permitted by Sentence 3.1.6.16.(2) and Article 3.1.6.6., wood nailing elements are permitted to be used for the attachment of interior finishes in a building or part of a building permitted to be of encapsulated mass timber construction, provided the concealed space created by the wood nailing elements is not more than 50 mm deep and
(a)exposed surfaces in the concealed space have a flame-spread rating not more than 25, or
(b)the concealed space is filled with noncombustible insulation.
3.1.6.12. Combustible Flooring ElementsCopy link
(1)Wood members that are more than 50 mm but not more than 300 mm high are permitted to be used for the construction of a raised platform in a building or part of a building permitted to be of encapsulated mass timber construction, and they need not conform to Articles 3.1.6.3. and 3.1.6.4., provided
(a)the concealed spaces created by the wood members are divided into compartments by fire blocks in conformance with Sentence 3.1.11.3.(4), and
(b)the wood members are
(i)applied directly to or set into a noncombustible floor slab, or
(ii)applied directly to a mass timber floor assembly that conforms to the requirements of Article 3.1.6.3.
(2)The upper surface of the mass timber floor assembly referred to in Subclause (1)(b)(ii) is permitted to be encapsulated only between the wood members by a material or assembly of materials conforming to Sentences 3.1.6.4.(1) and (2).
(3)The floor system for the raised platform referred to in Sentence (1) is permitted to include a combustible subfloor and combustible finished flooring.
3.1.6.13. Combustible StairsCopy link
(1)Wood stairs and landings conforming to the requirements for floor assemblies in Article 3.1.6.3. and Sentences 3.1.6.4.(1) and (2) are permitted in an exit stairwell in a building or part of a building permitted to be of encapsulated mass timber construction.
(2)Wood stairs in a suite in a building or part of a building permitted to be of encapsulated mass timber construction need not conform to Articles 3.1.6.3. and 3.1.6.4.
3.1.6.14. Combustible Interior FinishesCopy link
(1)Except as provided in Sentences (2) and (3), combustible interior wall and ceiling finishes referred to in Clause 3.1.13.1.(2)(b) that are not more than 1 mm thick are permitted in a building or part of a building permitted to be of encapsulated mass timber construction.
(2)Except as provided in Sentences 3.1.6.4.(3) and (4), combustible interior wall finishes, other than foamed plastics, that are not more than 25 mm thick are permitted in a building or part of a building permitted to be of encapsulated mass timber construction, provided they have a flame-spread rating not more than 150 on any exposed surface or any surface that would be exposed by cutting through the material in any direction.
(3)Except as provided in Sentences (4) and 3.1.6.4.(3) and (6), combustible interior ceiling finishes, other than foamed plastics, that are not more than 25 mm thick are permitted in a building or part of a building permitted to be of encapsulated mass timber construction, provided they have a flame-spread rating not more than 25 on any exposed surface, or any surface that would be exposed by cutting through the material in any direction, except that not more than 10% of the ceiling area within each fire compartment is permitted to have a flame-spread rating not more than 150. (See Note A-3.1.11.3.(3))
(4)Combustible interior ceiling finishes made of fire-retardant-treated wood are permitted in a building or part of a building permitted to be of encapsulated mass timber construction, provided they are not more than 25 mm thick or are exposed fire-retardant-treated wood battens.
3.1.6.15. Combustible Elements in PartitionsCopy link
(1)Solid lumber partitions not less than 38 mm thick and partitions containing wood framing that do not conform to Article 3.1.6.3. are permitted in a building or part of a building permitted to be of encapsulated mass timber construction, provided the partitions are
(a)protected on each face with not less than
(i)a single layer of 12.7 mm thick Type X gypsum board, with all joints either backed or taped and filled, conforming to ASTM C1396 / C1396M, “Standard Specification for Gypsum Board,” or CAN/CSA-A82.27- M, “Gypsum Board,”
(ii)a single layer of 19 mm thick fire-retardant-treated wood, on solid lumber partitions, or
(iii)a single layer of 19 mm thick fire-retardant-treated wood, on partitions containing wood framing, with wood stud cavities filled with noncombustible insulation, and
(b)not installed as enclosures for exits or vertical service spaces.
3.1.6.16. Exposed Construction Materials and Components in Concealed SpacesCopy link
(1)Except as provided in Sentence (2) and Article 3.1.11.7., and except as otherwise provided in this Subsection, only construction materials and components permitted in noncombustible construction shall be permitted to have exposed surfaces in concealed spaces within floor, roof and wall assemblies permitted in a building or part of a building permitted to be of encapsulated mass timber construction.
(2)Exposed surfaces are permitted in a concealed space created by the attachment of a material or assembly of materials conforming to Sentence 3.1.6.4.(1), provided the concealed space is not more than 25 mm deep.
3.1.6.17. Penetration by Outlet BoxesCopy link
(1)The minimum dimensions stated in Table 3.1.6.3. need not apply at cutouts in vertical or horizontal structural mass timber elements where outlet boxes are installed in accordance with Article 3.1.9.3. (See also Note A-3.1.9.2.(1))
(2)The exposed surfaces of the cutouts described in Sentence (1) need not be protected in accordance with Sentence 3.1.6.4.(1).
(3)Outlet boxes on opposite sides of a structural mass timber element having a fire-resistance rating shall be separated by a distance of not less than 600 mm.
3.1.7. Fire-Resistance RatingsCopy link
3.1.7.1. Determination of RatingsCopy link
(1)Except as permitted by Sentence (2) and Articles 3.1.7.2. and 3.6.3.5., the rating of a material, assembly of materials or a structural member that is required to have a fire-resistance rating, shall be determined on the basis of the results of tests conducted in conformance with CAN/ULC-S101, “Standard Method of Fire Endurance Tests of Building Construction and Materials.”
(2)A material, assembly of materials or a structural member is permitted to be assigned a fire-resistance rating on the basis of MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-2, “Fire Performance Ratings.”
3.1.7.2. Exception for Exterior WallsCopy link
(1)The limit on the rise of temperature on the unexposed surface of an assembly as required by the tests referred to in Sentence 3.1.7.1.(1) shall not apply to an exterior wall that has a limiting distance of 1.2 m or more, provided correction is made for radiation from the unexposed surface in accordance with Sentence 3.2.3.1.(9).
3.1.7.3. Exposure Conditions for RatingCopy link
(1)Floor, roof and ceiling assemblies shall be rated for exposure to fire on the underside.
(2)Firewalls and interior vertical fire separations shall be rated for exposure to fire on each side.
(3)Exterior walls shall be rated for exposure to fire from inside the building.
3.1.7.4. Minimum Fire-Resistance RatingCopy link
(1)The use of materials or assemblies having a greater fire-resistance rating than required shall impose no obligation to exceed in whole or in part the minimum fire-resistance ratings required by this Part.
3.1.7.5. Rating of Supporting ConstructionCopy link
(1)Except as permitted by Sentence (2) and by Articles 3.2.2.20. to 3.2.2.92. for mixed types of construction, all loadbearing walls, columns and arches in the storey immediately below a floor or roof assembly required to have a fire- resistance rating shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than that required for the supported floor or roof assembly.
(2)Loadbearing walls, columns and arches supporting a service room or service space need not conform to Sentence (1).
(3)Except as provided in Sentence (4) and except for noncombustible roof assemblies required by Clauses 3.2.2.51.(2)(c) and 3.2.2.60.(2)(c), if an assembly is required to be of noncombustible construction and have a fire- resistance rating, it shall be supported by noncombustible construction.
(4)Except for portions of a building constructed in accordance with Article 3.2.2.7. that are required to be of noncombustible construction, assemblies of noncombustible construction in buildings or portions of buildings permitted to be of encapsulated mass timber construction are permitted to be supported by encapsulated mass timber construction.
3.1.8. Fire Separations and ClosuresCopy link
3.1.8.1. General RequirementsCopy link
(1)Any wall, partition or floor assembly required to be a fire separation shall
(a)except as permitted by Sentence (2), be constructed as a continuous element in conformance with Article 3.1.8.3., and
(b)as required in this Part, have a fire-resistance rating as specified. (See Note A-3.1.8.1.(1)(b))
(2)Openings in a fire separation shall be protected with closures, shafts or other means in conformance with Articles 3.1.8.4. to 3.1.8.20. and Subsections 3.1.9. and 3.2.8. (See Note A-3.1.8.1.(2))
3.1.8.2. Combustible Construction SupportCopy link
(1)Combustible construction that abuts on or is supported by a noncombustible fire separation shall be constructed so that its collapse under fire conditions will not cause the collapse of the fire separation.
3.1.8.3. Continuity of Fire SeparationsCopy link
(1)Except as permitted by Sentence 3.6.4.2.(2), a horizontal service space or other concealed space located above a required vertical fire separation, including the walls of a vertical shaft, shall be divided at the fire separation by an equivalent fire separation within the service space.
(2)Except as provided in Sentence (5), the continuity of a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating that abuts another fire separation, a floor, a ceiling, or a roof shall be maintained by a firestop conforming to Sentence (3). (See Note A-3.1.8.3.(2))
(3)The firestop required in Sentence (2) shall have an FT rating not less than the fire-resistance rating of the abutting fire separation when subjected to the fire test method in CAN/ULC-S115, “Standard Method of Fire Tests of Firestop Systems.”
(4)Except as provided in Sentence (5), joints located in a horizontal plane between a floor and an exterior wall shall be sealed by a firestop that, when subjected to the fire test method in ASTM E2307, “Standard Test Method for Determining Fire Resistance of Perimeter Fire Barriers Using Intermediate-Scale, Multi-storey Test Apparatus,” has an F rating not less than the fire-resistance rating of the horizontal fire separation.
(5)Joints between ceilings and walls, between floors and walls, and between walls at corners need not comply with Sentences (2) and (4) where such joints consist of gypsum board that is attached to framing members and arranged so as to restrict the passage of flame and smoke through the joints. (See Note A-3.1.8.3.(5))
3.1.8.4. Determination of Ratings and ClassificationsCopy link
(1)Except as permitted by Sentences (2) and 3.1.8.16.(1), the fire-protection rating of a closure shall be determined in accordance with
(a)CAN/ULC-S104, “Standard Method for Fire Tests of Door Assemblies,”
(b)CAN/ULC-S106, “Standard Method for Fire Tests of Window and Glass Block Assemblies,” or
(c)CAN/ULC-S112, “Standard Method for Fire Test of Fire Damper Assemblies.” (See Articles 3.1.8.17. to 3.1.8.19. for additional requirements for closures.)
(2)Except as permitted by Sentence 3.1.8.12.(1), the fire-protection rating of a closure shall conform to Table 3.1.8.4. for the required fire-resistance rating of the fire separation.
(3)The leakage rate of smoke dampers and combination smoke/ fire dampers shall
(a)be determined in accordance with the applicable provisions in CAN/ULC-S112.1, “Standard for Leakage Rated Dampers for Use in Smoke Control Systems,” and
(b)conform to Class I, II or III of that standard.
(4)The leakage rate of a door assembly shall be determined in accordance with ANSI/UL-1784, “Standard for Air Leakage Tests of Door Assemblies and Other Opening Protectives.” Table 3.1.8.4. Fire-Protection Rating of Closures Forming Part of Sentence 3.1.8.4.(2)
3.1.8.5. Installation of ClosuresCopy link
(1)Except where fire dampers, window assemblies and glass block are used as closures, closures of the same fire- protection rating installed on opposite sides of the same opening are deemed to have a fire-protection rating equal to the sum of the fire-protection ratings of the closures. (See Note A-3.1.8.1.(2))
(2)Except as otherwise specified in this Part, every door, fire damper, window assembly or glass block used as a closure in a required fire separation shall be installed in conformance with NFPA 80, “Standard for Fire Doors and Other Opening Protectives.” (See Note A-3.1.8.1.(2))
(3)Except as otherwise specified in this Part, every smoke damper or combination smoke/ fire damper used as a closure in a required fire separation shall be installed in conformance with NFPA 105, “Standard for Smoke Door Assemblies and Other Opening Protectives.”
(4)If a door is installed so that it could damage the integrity of a fire separation if its swing is unrestricted, door stops shall be installed to prevent the damage.
(5)Reserved.
(6)A leakage-rated door assembly complying with Sentence 3.1.8.4.(4) shall be installed in
(a)fire separations in protected floor areas described in Clause 3.3.1.7.(1)(b),
(b)fire separations in care or care and treatment occupancies referred to in Sentence 3.3.3.5.(4) and installed in fire separations in retirement homes referred to in Sentence 3.3.4.11.(4),
(c)except as provided in Sentence (8), fire separations of public corridors serving dwelling units in storeys that are not sprinklered, and
(d)firewalls that are a horizontal exit referred to in Sentence 3.3.3.5.(3).
(7)Leakage-rated door assemblies required by Sentence (6) shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 105, “Standard for Smoke Door Assemblies and Other Opening Protectives.”
(8)A leakage-rated door assembly need not be installed where a dwelling unit served by a public corridor has
(a)a second and separate means of egress, or
(b)an open-air balcony that is sized to accommodate the number of occupants for which the dwelling unit is intended.
3.1.8.6. Maximum OpeningsCopy link
(1)The size of an opening in an interior fire separation required to be protected with a closure shall be not more than 11 m², with no dimension more than 3.7 m, if a fire compartment on either side of the fire separation is not sprinklered.
(2)The size of an opening in an interior fire separation required to be protected with a closure shall be not more than 22 m², with no dimension more than 6 m, provided the fire compartments on both sides of the fire separation are sprinklered.
3.1.8.7. Location of Fire Dampers and Smoke DampersCopy link
(1)Except as provided in Article 3.1.8.8., a fire damper having a fire-protection rating conforming to Sentence 3.1.8.4.(2) shall be installed in conformance with Article 3.1.8.10. in ducts or air-transfer openings that penetrate an assembly required to be a fire separation.
(2)Except as provided in Article 3.1.8.9., a smoke damper or a combination smoke/ fire damper shall be installed in conformance with Article 3.1.8.11. in ducts or air-transfer openings that penetrate an assembly required to be a fire separation, where the fire separation
(a)separates a public corridor,
(b)contains an egress door referred to in Sentence 3.4.2.4.(2),
(c)serves an assembly, care, care and treatment, detention or residential occupancy, or
(d)is installed to meet the requirements of Clause 3.3.1.7.(1)(b) or Sentence 3.3.3.5.(4). or 3.3.4.11.(4).
3.1.8.8. Fire Dampers WaivedCopy link
(1)Except as provided in Sentences (2) to (4), the requirement for fire dampers stated in Sentence 3.1.8.7.(1) is permitted to be waived for
(a)ducts that serve commercial cooking equipment, (See also Article 6.3.1.6.)
(b)continuous noncombustible ducts having a melting point above 760°C that penetrate a vertical fire separation required by Sentence 3.3.1.1.(1) between suites of assembly, mercantile, low-hazard industrial, medium-hazard industrial or high-hazard industrial occupancy,
(c)ducts or air-transfer openings that penetrate a vertical fire separation not required to have a fire-resistance rating, or
(d)noncombustible ducts or air-transfer openings that penetrate a horizontal fire separation not required to have a fire- resistance rating.
(2)The requirement for fire dampers stated in Sentence 3.1.8.7.(1) is permitted to be waived for noncombustible branch ducts having a melting point above 760°C that penetrate a fire separation,
(a)provided the ducts
(i)have a cross-sectional area not more than 0.013 m² and serve only air-conditioning units or combined air- conditioning and heating units discharging air not more than 1.2 m above the floor, or
(ii)extend not less than 500 mm inside exhaust duct risers that are under negative pressure and in which the airflow is upward as required by Article 3.6.3.4., or
(b)where the fire separation separates a vertical service space from the remainder of the building, provided each individual duct exhausts directly to the outdoors at the top of the vertical service space.
(3)In elementary and secondary schools, a continuous noncombustible duct having a melting point above 760°C that pierces a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating of 30 min need not be equipped with a fire damper at the fire separation.
(4)In a Group B, Division 3 occupancy which contains sleeping accommodation for not more than 10 persons, which has not more than six occupants who require assistance in evacuation in case of an emergency and which is equipped with a fire alarm system, a duct need not be equipped with a fire damper at a fire separation, provided duct-type smoke detectors have been installed to control smoke circulation as described in Article 3.2.4.12.
3.1.8.9. Smoke Dampers WaivedCopy link
(1)Except as provided in Sentence (2), the requirement for smoke dampers or combination smoke/ fire dampers stated in Sentence 3.1.8.7.(2) is permitted to be waived for ducts
(a)that serve commercial cooking equipment, (See also Article 6.3.1.6.)
(b)in which all inlet and outlet openings serve not more than one fire compartment,
(c)that penetrate a vertical fire separation referred to in Clause 3.3.1.7.(1)(b) or in Sentence 3.3.3.5.(4) or 3.3.4.11.(4), provided,
(i)the movement of air is continuous, and
(ii)the configuration of the air-handling system prevents the recirculation of exhaust or return air under fire emergency conditions, or
(d)that penetrate a vertical fire separation not required to have a fire-resistance rating and located within the fire compartment required in Sentence 3.3.3.5.(2).
(2)The requirement for smoke dampers or combination smoke/ fire dampers stated in Sentence 3.1.8.7.(2) is permitted to be waived for noncombustible branch ducts having a melting point above 760°C that penetrate a fire separation,
(a)provided the ducts
(i)have a cross-sectional area not more than 0.013 m² and serve only air-conditioning units or combined air- conditioning and heating units discharging air not more than 1.2 m above the floor,
(ii)extend not less than 500 mm inside exhaust duct risers that are under negative pressure and in which the airflow is upward as required by Article 3.6.3.4., or
(iii)are required to function as part of an air handling system used to provide make-up air in accordance with Sentence 3.2.6.2.(6), or any other system used to limit smoke movement, or (b) where the fire separation separates a vertical service space from the remainder of the building, provided each individual duct exhausts directly to the outdoors at the top of the vertical service space.
3.1.8.10. Installation of Fire DampersCopy link
(1)A fire damper shall be installed in the plane of the fire separation so as to stay in place should the duct become dislodged during a fire. (See Note A-3.1.8.10.(1))
(2)A fire damper shall be arranged so as to close automatically upon the operation of a fusible link conforming to ULC- S505, “Standard for Fusible Links for Fire Protection Services,” or other heat-actuated or smoke-actuated device.
(3)A heat-actuated device referred to in Sentence (2) shall
(a)be located where it is readily affected by an abnormal rise of temperature in the duct, and
(b)have a temperature rating approximately 30°C above the maximum temperature that would exist in the system either with the system in operation or shut down.
(4)A fire damper tested in the vertical or horizontal position shall be installed in the position in which it was tested.
(5)A tightly fitted access door shall be installed for each fire damper to provide access for the inspection of the damper and the resetting of the release device. (See Note A-3.1.8.10.(5))
3.1.8.11. Installation of Smoke DampersCopy link
(1)Where smoke dampers are used as a closure in an air-transfer opening, they shall be installed in the plane of the fire separation.
(2)Where combination smoke/ fire dampers are used as a closure in a duct, they shall be installed within 610 mm of the plane of the fire separation, provided there is no inlet or outlet opening between the fire separation and the damper.
(3)Except as required by a smoke control system, smoke dampers and combination smoke/ fire dampers shall be configured so as to close automatically upon a signal from an adjacent smoke detector located as described in CAN/ULC- S524, “Standard for Installation of Fire Alarm Systems,” within 1.5 m horizontally of the duct or air-transfer opening in the fire separation
(a)on both sides of the air-transfer opening, or
(b)in the duct downstream of the smoke damper or combination smoke/ fire damper.
(4)Smoke dampers or combination smoke/ fire dampers shall be installed in the vertical or horizontal position in which they were tested.
(5)A tightly fitted access door shall be installed for each smoke damper and combination smoke/ fire damper to provide access for their inspection and the resetting of the release device. (See Note A-3.1.8.10.(5))
3.1.8.12. Twenty-Minute ClosuresCopy link
(1)A door assembly having a fire-protection rating not less than 20 min is permitted to be used as a closure in
(a)a fire separation not required to have a fire-resistance rating more than 1 h, located between
(i)a public corridor and a suite,
(ii)a corridor and adjacent sleeping rooms, or
(iii)a corridor and adjacent classrooms, offices and libraries in Group A, Division 2 major occupancies, or
(b)a fire separation not required to have a fire-resistance rating more than 45 min, located in a building not more than 3 storeys in building height.
(2)The requirements for noncombustible sills and combustible floor coverings in NFPA 80, “Standard for Fire Doors and Other Opening Protectives,” do not apply to a door described in Sentence (1).
(3)A door described in Sentence (1) shall have clearances of not more than 6 mm at the bottom and not more than 3 mm at the sides and top.
(4)In elementary and secondary schools, a door assembly conforming to Articles 9.10.13.2. and 9.10.13.3. is permitted to be used as a closure in a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating of 30 min.
3.1.8.13. Self-Closing DevicesCopy link
(1)Except as provided in Sentences (3) to (5) and 3.3.3.2.(5), every door in a fire separation, other than doors to freight elevators and dumbwaiters, shall be equipped with a self-closing device designed to return the door to the closed position after each use.
(2)Reserved.
(3)In a building that is not more than 3 storeys in building height, a self-closing device is not required on a door that is located between a classroom and a corridor providing access to exit from the classroom, except that a self-closing device is required on a door between a hazardous classroom and the corridor in an elementary or secondary school.
(4)In a building that is not more than 3 storeys in building height, a self-closing device is not required on a door between a public corridor and an adjacent room or suite of business and personal services occupancy if the door is not located in,
(a)a dead-end portion of the corridor, or
(b)a corridor that serves a hotel.
(5)Within a fire compartment in a hospital or long-term care home that complies with the requirements of Article 3.3.3.5., a self-closing device is not required on a door that is located between
(a)a patient’s or resident’s sleeping room and a corridor serving the patient’s or resident’s sleeping room, or
(b)a patient’s or resident’s sleeping room and an adjacent room that serves the patient’s or resident’s sleeping room.
3.1.8.14. Hold-Open DevicesCopy link
(1)Except as provided in Sentences 3.1.8.10.(2) and 3.1.8.11.(3), a hold-open device is permitted to be used on a closure in a required fire separation, other than on an exit stair door in a building more than 3 storeys in building height and on a door for a vestibule required by Article 3.3.5.7., provided the device is designed to release the closure in conformance with this Article.
(2)Except as provided in Sentences (5) and (6), where the building is provided with a fire alarm system, a hold-open device permitted by Sentence (1) shall release
(a)in a single-stage system, upon any signal from the fire alarm system, and
(b)in a 2-stage system,
(i)upon any alert signal from the fire alarm system, or
(ii)upon actuation of any adjacent smoke detectors.
(3)Where the building is provided with a fire alarm system, a hold-open device permitted by Sentence (1) shall release upon a signal from a smoke detector connected to the fire alarm system and located as described in CAN/ULC-S524, “Standard for Installation of Fire Alarm Systems,” where the hold-open device is used on
(a)an exit door,
(b)a door opening into a public corridor,
(c)an egress door referred to in Sentence 3.4.2.4.(2),
(d)a closure serving an assembly, care, care and treatment, detention, or residential occupancy,
(e)a door in a fire separation referred to in Clause 3.3.1.7.(1)(b) or Sentence 3.3.3.5.(4) or 3.3.4.11.(4), or
(f)a door required to function as part of a smoke control system.
(4)Where the building is not provided with a fire alarm system, a hold-open device permitted by Sentence (1) shall release upon a signal from a smoke alarm located on either side of the fire separation at ceiling level within 1.5 m horizontally of the closure opening in the fire separation, where the hold-open device is used on closures described in Clauses (3)(a) to (e).
(5)Where a hold-open device is used on closures other than those described in Sentences (3) and (4), it is permitted to be released upon actuation of a heat-actuated device.
(6)A hold-open device used on a door located between a corridor used by the public and an adjacent sleeping room in a care and treatment occupancy need not release automatically as stated in Sentence (2).
3.1.8.15. Door LatchesCopy link
(1)Except as permitted by Sentence 3.3.3.2.(5) and Article 3.3.3.5., a swing-type door in a fire separation shall be equipped with a positive latching mechanism designed to hold the door in the closed position after each use.
3.1.8.16. Wired Glass and Glass BlockCopy link
(1)Except as permitted by Articles 3.1.8.18. and 3.1.8.19. for the separation of exits, an opening in a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not more than 1 h is permitted to be protected with fixed wired glass assemblies or glass blocks installed in conformance with NFPA 80, “Standard for Fire Doors and Other Opening Protectives.” (See also Article 3.3.2.17.)
(2)Wired glass assemblies permitted by Sentence (1) and described in MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-2, “Fire Performance Ratings,” are permitted to be used as closures in vertical fire separations without being tested in accordance with Sentence 3.1.8.4.(1).
(3)Glass blocks permitted by Sentence (1) shall be installed in accordance with Subsection 4.3.2. and reinforced with steel reinforcement in each horizontal joint.
3.1.8.17. Temperature Rise Limit for DoorsCopy link
(1)Except as permitted by Article 3.1.8.19., the maximum temperature rise on the opaque portion of the unexposed side of a door used as a closure in a fire separation in a location shown in Table 3.1.8.17. shall conform to the Table when tested in conformance with Sentence 3.1.8.4.(1).
3.1.8.18. Area Limits for Wired Glass, Glass Block and Safety GlazingCopy link
(1)Except as permitted by Article 3.1.8.19., the maximum aggregate area of wired glass or safety glazing in a door used in the locations shown in Table 3.1.8.17. shall conform to the Table. (See Note A-3.1.8.18.(1))
(2)Except as permitted by Article 3.1.8.19., the maximum aggregate area of glass block, wired glass or safety glazing panels not in a door used in the locations shown in Table 3.1.8.17. shall conform to the Table.
3.1.8.19. Temperature Rise and Area Limits WaivedCopy link
(1)The temperature rise limits and glass area limits required by Articles 3.1.8.17. and 3.1.8.18. are waived for a closure between an exit enclosure and an enclosed vestibule or corridor, provided
(a)the vestibule or corridor is separated from the remainder of the floor area by a fire separation having a fire- resistance rating not less than 45 min,
(b)the fire separation required by Clause (a) contains no wired glass, glass block or safety glazing within 3 m of the closure into the exit enclosure, and
(c)the vestibule or corridor contains no occupancy. (See Note A-3.1.8.19.(1))
3.1.8.20. Sprinkler Protected Glazed Wall AssemblyCopy link
(1)A sprinkler protected glazed wall assembly shall be constructed in accordance with the requirements of CAN/ULC- S136, “Standard Method of Fire Test of Sprinkler Protected Window Systems.”
(2)A sprinkler protected glazed wall assembly shall not be installed in
(a)fire separations requiring a fire-resistance rating of more than 2 h,
(b)the exits protected with the sprinkler protected glazed wall assemblies shall not comprise more than one-half of the required number of exits from any floor area.
(c)a high-hazard industrial occupancy, or
(d)any part of an exit serving
(i)a floor area subject to the requirements of Subsection 3.2.6.,
(ii)a care occupancy,
(iii)a care and treatment occupancy,
(iv)a detention occupancy, or
(v)a residential occupancy. (3) Where a sprinkler protected glazed wall assembly is installed in an exit fire separation permitted in Sentence (2),
3.1.9. Penetrations in Fire Separations and Fire-Rated Assemblies (See Note A-3.1.9.)Copy link
3.1.9.1. FirestopsCopy link
(1)Except as provided in Sentences (2) to (7) and Article 3.1.9.3., penetrations of a fire separation or a membrane forming part of an assembly required to have a fire-resistance rating shall be
(a)sealed by a firestop that, when subjected to the fire test method in CAN/ULC-S115, “Standard Method of Fire Tests of Firestop Systems,” has an F rating not less than the required fire-resistance rating of the fire separation, or
(b)cast-in-place, where the item penetrating the fire separation is steel, ferrous, copper, concrete or masonry. (See Note A-3.1.9.1.(1)(b)) (See also Article 3.1.9.4. for requirements regarding penetrations by combustible drain, waste and vent piping.)
(2)Except as permitted in Sentence (6), penetrations of a firewall or a horizontal fire separation that is required to have a fire-resistance rating in conformance with Article 3.2.1.2. shall be sealed at the penetration by a firestop that, when subjected to the fire test method in CAN/ULC-S115, “Standard Method of Fire Tests of Firestop Systems,” has an FT rating not less than the fire-resistance rating for the fire separation.
(3)Except as permitted in Sentences (6) and (7), penetrations of a fire separation in conformance with Sentence 3.6.4.2.(2) shall be sealed by a firestop that, when subjected to the fire test method in CAN/ULC-S115, “Standard Method of Fire Tests of Firestop Systems,” has an FT rating not less than the fire-resistance rating for the fire separation of the assembly.
(4)Sprinklers are permitted to penetrate a fire separation or a membrane forming part of an assembly required to have a fire-resistance rating without having to meet the firestop requirements of Sentences (1) to (3), provided the annular space created by the penetration of a fire sprinkler is covered by a metal escutcheon plate in accordance with NFPA 13, “Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems.”
(5)Unless specifically designed with a firestop, fire dampers are permitted to penetrate a fire separation or a membrane forming part of an assembly required to have a fire-resistance rating without having to meet the firestop requirements of Sentences (1) to (3), provided the fire damper is installed in conformance with NFPA 80, “Standard for Fire Doors and Other Opening Protectives.”
(6)Service equipment penetrations through a horizontal fire separation having a fire-resistance rating as described in Sentences (2) and (3) that are contained within the cavity of a wall above and below the horizontal fire separation are permitted to be sealed at the penetration by a firestop that, when subjected to the fire test method in CAN/ULC-S115, “Standard Method of Fire Tests of Firestop Systems,” has an F rating not less than the fire-resistance rating for the fire separation.
(7)Service equipment penetrations through a horizontal fire separation having a fire-resistance rating as described in Sentence (3) are permitted to be sealed at the penetration by a firestop that, when subjected to the fire test method in CAN/ULC-S115, “Standard Method of Fire Tests of Firestop Systems,” has an F rating not less than the fire-resistance rating for the fire separation, provided the penetration
(a)is contained within the concealed space of a floor or ceiling assembly having a fire-resistance rating,
(b)is located above a ceiling membrane that is a horizontal fire separation, or
(c)is contained within a horizontal service space conforming to Subsection 3.6.4. that is directly above or below the floor.
3.1.9.2. Service Equipment PenetrationsCopy link
(1)Ducts, electrical outlet boxes, pipes, totally enclosed raceways, optical fibre cables, electrical wires and cables, and other similar service equipment are permitted to penetrate a fire separation or a membrane forming part of an assembly required to have a fire-resistance rating, provided they are protected at the penetration with a firestop conforming to Sentence 3.1.9.1.(1). (See Note A-3.1.9.2.(1))
(2)Combustible totally enclosed raceways that are embedded in a concrete floor slab are permitted in an assembly required to have a fire-resistance rating, provided the concrete cover between the raceway and the bottom of the slab is not less than 50 mm.
3.1.9.3. Penetration by Outlet Boxes (See Note A-3.1.9.3.) (See also Note A-3.1.9.2.(1))Copy link
(1)Except as provided in Sentence (3), outlet boxes are permitted to penetrate the membrane of an assembly required to have a fire-resistance rating, provided they are sealed at the penetration by a firestop that has an FT rating not less than the fire-resistance rating of the fire separation when subjected to the fire test method in CAN/ULC-S115, “Standard Method of Fire Tests of Firestop Systems.”
(2)Combustible outlet boxes are permitted to penetrate the membrane of an assembly required to have a fire-resistance rating, provided they are sealed at the penetration by a firestop that, when subjected to the fire test method in CAN/ULC- S115, “Standard Method of Fire Tests of Firestop Systems,” has an FT rating not less than the fire-resistance rating for the fire separation.
(3)Except as provided in Sentences 3.1.9.1.(2) and (3), noncombustible outlet boxes that penetrate a vertical fire separation or a membrane forming part of an assembly required to have a fire-resistance rating need not conform to Sentence (1), provided
(a)they do not exceed,
(i)0.016 m² in area, and
(ii)an aggregate area of 0.065 m² in any 9.3 m² of surface area, and
(b)the annular space between the membrane and noncombustible electrical outlet boxes does not exceed 3 mm.
(4)Outlet boxes on opposite sides of a vertical fire separation having a fire-resistance rating shall be separated by
(a)a horizontal distance of not less than 600 mm,
(b)a fire block conforming to Article 3.1.11.7., or
(c)a firestop installed on each outlet box that has an FT rating not less than the fire-resistance rating of the fire separation when subjected to the fire test method in CAN/ULC-S115, “Standard Method of Fire Tests of Firestop Systems.”
3.1.9.4. Combustible Piping PenetrationsCopy link
(1)Combustible sprinkler piping is permitted to penetrate a fire separation provided the fire compartments on each side of the fire separation are sprinklered.
(2)Combustible water distribution piping is permitted to penetrate a fire separation that is required to have a fire- resistance rating, provided the piping is protected at the penetration with a firestop in conformance with Clause (4)(a) or (b).
(3)Except as permitted by Sentences (4), (5), (7) and (8), combustible piping shall not be used in a drain, waste and vent piping system if any part of that system penetrates
(a)a fire separation required to have a fire-resistance rating, or
(b)a membrane that forms part of an assembly required to have a fire-resistance rating.
(4)Combustible drain, waste and vent piping is permitted to penetrate a fire separation required to have a fire- resistance rating or a membrane that forms part of an assembly required to have a fire-resistance rating, provided
(a)except as provided in Clause (b), the piping is sealed at the penetration by a firestop that has an F rating not less than the fire-resistance rating required for the fire separation when subjected to the fire test method in CAN/ULC-S115, “Standard Method of Fire Tests of Firestop Systems,”
(b)in buildings more than 3 storeys in building height, the piping is sealed at the penetration by a firestop that has an F rating not less than the fire-resistance rating required for the fire separation when subjected to the fire test method in CAN/ULC-S115, “Standard Method of Fire Tests of Firestop Systems,” with a pressure differential of 50 Pa between the exposed and unexposed sides, with the higher pressure on the exposed side, and
(c)the piping is not located in a vertical service space.
(5)Combustible drain, waste and vent piping is permitted on one side of a vertical fire separation provided it is not located in a vertical service space.
(6)Combustible piping for central vacuum systems is permitted to penetrate a fire separation, provided the installation conforms to the requirements that apply to combustible drain, waste and vent piping specified in Sentence (4).
(7)Except as provided in Sentence (8), penetrations of a fire separation that incorporate transitions between combustible and noncombustible drain, waste and vent piping shall be sealed by a firestop that has an F rating not less than the fire-resistance rating required for the fire separation when subjected to the fire test method in CAN/ULC-S115, “Standard Method of Fire Tests of Firestop Systems,” with a pressure differential of 50 Pa between the exposed and unexposed sides, with the higher pressure on the exposed side.
(8)Transitions between vertical noncombustible drain, waste and vent piping and combustible branches for drain, waste and vent piping are permitted on either side of a fire separation, provided they are not located in a vertical service space. (See Note A-3.1.9.4.(8))
(9)Combustible piping not more than 25 mm in diameter containing chlorine gas is permitted to penetrate a fire separation between a chlorine gas service room built in conjunction with a public pool or public spa and the remainder of the building, provided the piping is sealed at the penetration by a firestop in conformance with Clause 3.1.9.1.(1)(a).
3.1.9.5. Openings Through a Membrane CeilingCopy link
(1)A membrane ceiling forming part of an assembly assigned a fire-resistance rating on the basis of MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-2, “Fire Performance Ratings,” is permitted to be penetrated by openings leading into ducts within the ceiling space provided
(a)the ducts are sheet steel, and
(b)the number of openings and their protection conform to the requirements of MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-2, “Fire Performance Ratings.”
(2)Fire stop flaps in ceiling membranes required in Sentence (1) shall conform to CAN/ULC-S112.2, “Standard Method of Fire Test of Ceiling Firestop Flap Assemblies.”
3.1.9.6. PlenumsCopy link
(1)A ceiling assembly used as a plenum shall conform to Article 3.6.4.3.
3.1.10. FirewallsCopy link
3.1.10.1. Prevention of Firewall CollapseCopy link
(1)Except as permitted by Sentence (2), the connections and supports for structural framing members that are connected to or supported on a firewall and have a fire-resistance rating less than that required for the firewall, shall be designed so that the failure of the framing systems during a fire will not affect the integrity of the firewall during the fire.
(2)Sentence (1) does not apply to a firewall consisting of two separate wall assemblies each tied to its respective building frame but not to each other, provided each wall assembly is
(a)a fire separation having one-half of the fire-resistance rating required for the firewall by Sentences 3.1.10.2.(1) and (2), and
(b)designed so that the collapse of one wall assembly will not cause collapse of the other.
(3)A firewall is permitted to be supported on the structural frame of a building of noncombustible construction provided the supporting frame has a fire-resistance rating not less than that required for the firewall.
(4)Piping, ducts and totally enclosed noncombustible raceways shall be installed so that their collapse will not cause collapse of the firewall.
3.1.10.2. Rating of FirewallsCopy link
(1)A firewall that separates a building or buildings with floor areas containing a Group E or a Group F, Division 1 or 2 major occupancy shall be constructed as a fire separation of noncombustible construction having a fire-resistance rating not less than 4 h, except that where the upper portion of a firewall separates floor areas containing other than Group E or Group F, Division 1 or 2 major occupancies, the fire-resistance rating of the upper portion of the firewall is permitted to be not less than 2 h.
(2)A firewall that separates a building or buildings with floor areas containing major occupancies other than Group E or Group F, Division 1 or 2 shall be constructed as a fire separation of noncombustible construction having a fire- resistance rating not less than 2 h.
(3)Except as permitted by Sentence (4), the required fire-resistance rating of a firewall, except for closures, shall be provided by masonry or concrete.
(4)A firewall permitted to have a fire-resistance rating not more than 2 h need not be constructed of masonry or concrete provided
(a)the assembly providing the fire-resistance rating is protected against damage that would compromise the integrity of the assembly,
(b)the design conforms to Article 4.1.5.17.,
(c)the level of performance of the firewall is not less than of masonry or concrete in the areas of
(i)performance during fire conditions,
(ii)mechanical damage during the normal use of the building, and
(iii)resistance to damage from moisture,
(d)the firewall separates buildings or buildings with floor areas that do not contain
(i)a Group B, Division 1 major occupancy, or
(ii)a Group B, Division 2 major occupancy, and
(e)the firewall does not separate a building regulated by the provisions of Subsection 3.2.6. or a building within the scope of Article 3.2.2.51. or 3.2.2.60. from another building unless the buildings on both sides of the firewall are sprinklered. (See Note A-3.1.10.2.(4))
3.1.10.3. Continuity of FirewallsCopy link
(1)A firewall shall extend from the ground continuously through, or adjacent to, all storeys of a building or buildings so separated, except that a firewall located above a basement storage garage conforming to Article 3.2.1.2. is permitted to commence at the floor assembly immediately above the storage garage. (See also Sentence 3.1.10.1.(3))
(2)A firewall is permitted to terminate on the underside of a reinforced concrete roof slab provided
(a)the roof slab on both sides of the firewall has a fire-resistance rating not less than
(i)1 h if the firewall is required to have a fire-resistance rating not less than 2 h, or
(ii)2 h if the firewall is required to have a fire-resistance rating not less than 4 h, and
(b)there are no concealed spaces within the roof slab in that portion immediately above the firewall.
3.1.10.4. ParapetsCopy link
(1)Except as permitted by Sentences (2) and 3.1.10.3.(2), a firewall shall extend above the roof surface to form a parapet not less than
(a)150 mm high for a firewall required to have a fire-resistance rating not less than 2 h, and
(b)900 mm high for a firewall required to have a fire-resistance rating not less than 4 h.
(2)A firewall that separates 2 buildings with roofs at different elevations need not extend above the upper roof surface to form a parapet, provided the difference in elevation between the roofs is more than 3 m.
3.1.10.5. Maximum OpeningsCopy link
(1)Openings in a firewall shall conform to the size limits described in Article 3.1.8.6.
(2)The aggregate width of openings in a firewall within a storey shall be not more than 25% of the entire length of the firewall.
3.1.10.6. Exposure Protection for Adjacent WallsCopy link
(1)The requirements of Article 3.2.3.14. shall apply to the external walls of 2 buildings that meet at a firewall at an angle less than 135 .
3.1.10.7. Combustible ProjectionsCopy link
(1)Combustible material shall not extend across the end of a firewall but is permitted to extend across a roof above a firewall that is terminated in conformance with Sentence 3.1.10.3.(2).
(2)If buildings are separated by a firewall, combustible projections on the exterior of one building, including balconies, platforms, canopies, eave projections and stairs, that extend outward beyond the end of the firewall, shall not be permitted within 2.4 m of combustible projections and window or door openings of the adjacent building. (See also Article 3.2.3.6.)
3.1.11. Fire Blocks in Concealed SpacesCopy link
3.1.11.1. Separation of Concealed SpacesCopy link
(1)Concealed spaces in interior wall, ceiling and crawl spaces shall be separated from concealed spaces in exterior walls and attic or roof spaces by fire blocks conforming to Article 3.1.11.7.
3.1.11.2. Fire Blocks in Wall AssembliesCopy link
(1)Except as permitted by Sentence (2), fire blocks conforming to Article 3.1.11.7. shall be provided to block off concealed spaces within a wall assembly
(a)at every floor level,
(b)at every ceiling level where the ceiling forms part of an assembly required to have a fire-resistance rating, and
(c)so that the maximum horizontal dimension is not more than 20 m and the maximum vertical dimension is not more than 3 m.
(2)Fire blocks conforming to Sentence (1) are not required provided
(a)the wall space is filled with insulation,
(b)the exposed construction materials and any insulation within the wall space are noncombustible,
(c)the exposed materials within the wall space, including insulation but not including wiring, piping or similar services, have a flame-spread rating not more than 25 on any exposed surface, or on any surface that would be exposed by cutting through the material in any direction, and fire blocks are installed so that the vertical distance between them is not more than 10 m, or
(d)the insulated wall assembly contains not more than one concealed air space, and the horizontal thickness of that air space is not more than 25 mm.
3.1.11.3. Fire Blocks Between Nailing and Supporting ElementsCopy link
(1)In a building required to be of noncombustible construction, a concealed space in which there is an exposed ceiling finish with a flame-spread rating more than 25, shall be provided with fire blocks conforming to Article 3.1.11.7. between wood nailing elements, so that the maximum area of the concealed space is not more than 2 m².
(2)In a building required to be of noncombustible construction, fire blocks conforming to Article 3.1.11.7. shall be provided in the concealed spaces created by the wood members permitted by Sentence 3.1.5.10.(2), so that the maximum area of a concealed space is not more than 10 m².
(3)In a building or part of a building permitted to be of encapsulated mass timber construction, a concealed space in which there is an exposed ceiling finish with a flame-spread rating more than 25 shall be provided with fire blocks conforming to Article 3.1.11.7. between wood nailing elements so that the maximum area of the concealed space is not more than 2 m². (See Note A-3.1.11.3.(3))
(4)In a building or part of a building permitted to be of encapsulated mass timber construction, fire blocks conforming to Article 3.1.11.7. shall be provided in the concealed spaces created by the wood members permitted by Sentence 3.1.6.12.(1) so that the maximum area of a concealed space is not more than 10 m².
3.1.11.4. Fire Blocks Between Vertical and Horizontal SpacesCopy link
(1)Fire blocks conforming to Article 3.1.11.7. shall be provided
(a)at all interconnections between concealed vertical and horizontal spaces in interior coved ceilings, drop ceilings and soffits in which the exposed construction materials within the space have a flame-spread rating more than 25, and
(b)at the end of each run and at each floor level in concealed spaces between stair stringers in which the exposed construction materials within the space have a flame-spread rating more than 25.
3.1.11.5. Fire Blocks in Horizontal Concealed SpacesCopy link
(1)Except for crawl spaces conforming to Sentence 3.1.11.6.(1) and as required in Sentence (3), horizontal concealed spaces within a floor assembly or roof assembly of combustible construction, in which sprinklers are not installed, shall be separated by construction conforming to Article 3.1.11.7. into compartments
(a)not more than 600 m² in area with no dimension more than 60 m, if the exposed construction materials within the space have a flame-spread rating not more than 25, and
(b)not more than 300 m² in area with no dimension more than 20 m, if the exposed construction materials within the space have a flame-spread rating more than 25. (See Note A-3.1.11.5.(3) and (4)) (4) Except for crawl spaces conforming to Sentence 3.1.11.6.(1) and except as provided in Sentence (5), in buildings or parts of buildings conforming to Article 3.2.2.48. or 3.2.2.57., horizontal concealed spaces within a floor assembly or roof assembly of encapsulated mass timber construction shall be separated by construction conforming to Article 3.1.11.7. into compartments that are
3.1.11.6. Fire Blocks in Crawl SpacesCopy link
(1)A crawl space that is not considered as a basement by Article 3.2.2.9. and in which sprinklers are not installed shall be separated by construction conforming to Article 3.1.11.7. into compartments not more than 600 m² in area with no dimension more than 30 m.
3.1.11.7. Fire Block MaterialsCopy link
(1)Except as permitted by Sentences (2) to (5) and (8), fire blocks shall remain in place and prevent the passage of flames for not less than 15 min when subjected to the standard fire exposure in CAN/ULC-S101, “Standard Method of Fire Endurance Tests of Building Construction and Materials.”
(2)Gypsum board not less than 12.7 mm thick and sheet steel not less than 0.38 mm thick need not be tested in conformance with Sentence (1) provided all joints have continuous support.
(3)In a building required to be of noncombustible construction, wood nailing elements described in Article 3.1.5.8. need not be tested in conformance with Sentence (1).
(4)In a building or part of a building permitted to be of encapsulated mass timber construction, wood nailing elements referred to in Article 3.1.6.11. need not be tested in conformance with Sentence (1).
(5)In a building permitted to be of combustible construction, in a combustible roof system permitted by Sentences 3.1.5.3.(2) and 3.1.6.7.(1), and in a raised platform permitted by Sentence 3.1.5.10.(2) or 3.1.6.12.(1), fire blocks are permitted to be
(a)solid lumber or a structural composite lumber product conforming to ASTM D5456, “Standard Specification for Evaluation of Structural Composite Lumber Products,” not less than 38 mm thick,
(b)phenolic bonded plywood, OSB, waferboard or oriented strandboard not less than 12.5 mm thick with joints supported, or
(c)two thicknesses of lumber or a structural composite lumber product conforming to ASTM D5456, “Standard Specification for Evaluation of Structural Composite Lumber Products,” each not less than 19 mm thick with joints staggered, where the width or height of the concealed space requires more than one piece of lumber or structural composite lumber product not less than 38 mm thick to block off the space.
(6)Openings through materials referred to Sentences (1) to (5) shall be protected to maintain the integrity of the construction.
(7)Where materials referred to Sentences (1) to (5) are penetrated by construction elements or by service equipment, a firestop shall be used to seal the penetration. (See Note A-3.1.11.7.(7))
(8)In buildings permitted to be of combustible construction, semi-rigid fibre insulation board produced from glass, rock or slag is permitted to be used to block the vertical space in a double stud wall assembly formed at the intersection of the floor assembly and the walls, provided the width of the vertical space does not exceed 25 mm and the insulation board
(a)has a density not less than 45 kg/m³,
(b)is securely fastened to one set of studs,
(c)extends from below the bottom of the top plates in the lower storey to above the top of the bottom plate in the upper storey, and
(d)completely fills the portion of the vertical space between the headers and between the wall plates. (See Note A-3.1.11.7.(8))
3.1.12. Flame-Spread Rating and Smoke Developed ClassificationCopy link
3.1.12.1. Determination of RatingsCopy link
(1)Except as required by Sentence (2) and as permitted by Sentence (3), the flame-spread rating and smoke developed classification of a material, assembly, or structural member shall be determined on the basis of not less than three tests conducted in conformance with CAN/ULC-S102, “Standard Method of Test for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials and Assemblies.”
(2)The flame-spread rating and smoke developed classification of a material or assembly shall be determined on the basis of not less than three tests conducted in conformance with CAN/ULC-S102.2, “Standard Method of Test for Surface Burning Characteristics of Flooring, Floor Coverings, and Miscellaneous Materials and Assemblies,” if the material or assembly
(a)is designed for use in a relatively horizontal position with only its top surface exposed to air,
(b)cannot be tested in conformance with Sentence (1) without the use of supporting material that is not representative of the intended installation, or
(c)is thermoplastic.
(3)A material, assembly, or structural member is permitted to be assigned a flame-spread rating and smoke developed classification on the basis of MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-2, “Fire Performance Ratings.”
3.1.13. Interior FinishCopy link
3.1.13.1. Interior Finishes, Furnishings and Decorative MaterialsCopy link
(1)Except as otherwise provided in this Subsection, interior finishes, furnishings and decorative materials shall conform to
(a)the Fire Code made under the Fire Protection and Prevention Act, 1997, or
(b)Section 2.3. of Division B of the CCBFC NRC-CONST-56437E, “National Fire Code of Canada”, in the absence of regulations referred to in Clause (a).
(2)Interior finish material shall include any material that forms part of the interior surface of a floor, wall, partition or ceiling, including
(a)interior cladding of plaster, wood or tile,
(b)surfacing of fabric, paint, plastic, veneer or wallpaper,
(c)doors, windows and trim,
(d)lighting elements, such as light diffusers and lenses forming part of the finished surface of the ceiling, and
(e)carpet material that overlies a floor that is not intended as the finished floor.
3.1.13.2. Flame-Spread RatingCopy link
(1)Except as otherwise required or permitted by this Subsection, the flame-spread rating of interior wall and ceiling finishes, including glazing and skylights, shall be not more than 150 and shall conform to Table 3.1.13.2.
(2)Except as permitted by Sentence (3), doors, other than those in Group A, Division 1 occupancies, need not conform to Sentence (1) provided they have a flame-spread rating not more than 200. (See Note A-3.1.13.2.(2))
(3)Doors within a dwelling unit need not conform to Sentences (1) and (2). Table 3.1.13.2. Flame-Spread Ratings Forming Part of Sentence 3.1.13.2.(1)
(4)Up to 10% of the total wall area and 10% of the total ceiling area of a wall or ceiling finish that is required by Sentence (1) to have a flame-spread rating less than 150 is permitted to have a flame-spread rating not more than 150, except that up to 25% of the total wall area of lobbies described in Sentence 3.4.4.2.(2) is permitted to have a flame- spread rating not more than 150.
(5)Except in the case of Group A, Division 1 occupancies, combustible doors, skylights, glazing and light diffusers and lenses shall not be considered in the calculation of wall and ceiling areas described in Sentence (4).
3.1.13.3. Bathrooms in Residential SuitesCopy link
(1)The flame-spread rating of interior wall and ceiling finishes for a bathroom within a suite of residential occupancy shall be not more than 200.
(2)Plumbing fixtures shall have a flame-spread rating not more than 200.
3.1.13.4. Light Diffusers and LensesCopy link
(1)The flame-spread rating of combustible light diffusers and lenses in all occupancies other than Group A, Division 1 is permitted to be more than the flame-spread rating limits required elsewhere in this Subsection, provided the light diffusers and lenses
(a)have a flame-spread rating not more than 250 and a smoke developed classification not more than 600 when tested in conformance with CAN/ULC-S102.2, “Standard Method of Test for Surface Burning Characteristics of Flooring, Floor Coverings, and Miscellaneous Materials and Assemblies,”
(b)fall to the bottom of the test apparatus before igniting when tested in conformance with CAN/ULC-S102.3, “Standard Method of Fire Test of Light Diffusers and Lenses,”
(c)are not prevented from falling from the ceiling by construction located beneath the elements, and
(d)are not used in a corridor that is required to be separated from the remainder of the building by a fire separation or in an exit shaft unless individual diffusers or lenses are not more than 1 m² in area and are not less than 1.2 m apart.
3.1.13.5. SkylightsCopy link
(1)Individual combustible skylights in a corridor that is required to be separated from the remainder of the building by a fire separation shall be not more than 1 m² in area and not less than 1.2 m apart.
3.1.13.6. CorridorsCopy link
(1)Except as permitted by Sentences (2) and (3), the flame-spread rating shall be not more than 75 for the interior wall finish of
(a)a public corridor,
(b)a corridor used by the public in,
(i)an assembly occupancy, or
(ii)a care, care and treatment or detention occupancy,
(c)a corridor serving classrooms, or
(d)a corridor serving sleeping rooms in a care, care and treatment or detention occupancy.
(2)The flame-spread rating for corridors specified in Sentence (1) is permitted to be waived, provided the flame-spread rating is not more than
(a)25 on the upper half of the wall, and
(b)150 on the lower half of the wall.
(3)Where the floor area is sprinklered throughout, the flame-spread ratings for corridors specified in Sentences (1) and (2) shall be not more than 150.
(4)The flame-spread ratings specified in Sentences (1), (2) and (3) apply to occupancies in the corridor as well as to the corridor itself.
(5)Except as provided in Sentence (6), the interior ceiling finish of corridors and occupancies referred to in Sentences (1) and (4) shall have a flame-spread rating not more than 25.
(6)Where the floor area is sprinklered throughout, the flame-spread rating of the interior ceiling finish of corridors and occupancies referred to in Sentences (1) and (4) shall be not more than 150.
3.1.13.7. High BuildingsCopy link
(1)Except as permitted by Sentences (2) to (4), the interior wall, ceiling and floor finishes in a building regulated by the provisions of Subsection 3.2.6. shall conform to the flame-spread rating requirements in Articles 3.1.13.2. to 3.1.13.6. and 3.1.13.11. and to the flame-spread rating and smoke developed classification values in Table 3.1.13.7.
(2)Except for a building of Group B major occupancy and elevator cars, the flame-spread rating and smoke developed classification of interior wall, floor and ceiling finishes need not conform to the values in Table 3.1.13.7., provided the building is sprinklered.
(3)Trim and millwork in an exit stairway, a vestibule to an exit stairway, a lobby described in Sentence 3.4.4.2.(2), or a corridor not within a suite need not conform to the flame-spread rating and smoke developed classification requirements of Sentence (1), provided they have
(a)a flame-spread rating not more than 150,
(b)a smoke developed classification not more than 300, and
(c)an aggregate area not more than 10% of the area of the wall or ceiling on which they occur. Table 3.1.13.7. Flame-Spread Rating and Smoke Developed Classification in High Buildings Forming Part of Sentences 3.1.13.7.(1) and (2)
(4)A door serving an exit stairway, a vestibule to an exit stairway, a lobby described in Sentence 3.4.4.2.(2), or a corridor not within a suite need not conform to the flame-spread rating and smoke developed classification requirements of Sentence (1) provided
(a)it has a flame-spread rating not more than 200,
(b)it has a smoke developed classification not more than 300, and
(c)the aggregate area of all doors is not more than 10% of the area of the wall in which they are located.
(5)Except as permitted in Sentences (6) to (8), plumbing fixture s in a building regulated by the provisions of Subsection 3.2.6. shall have a smoke developed classification not more than 300.
(6)A plumbing fixture that is not located in a Group B occupancy need not comply with Sentence (5) if the building is sprinklered throughout.
(7)A plumbing fixture may have a smoke developed classification more than 300 but not more than 500 if,
(a)it is in a room where the wall surfaces have a smoke developed classification not more than 200, and
(b)it is located in,
(i)a Group C occupancy, or
(ii)a Group B occupancy and the building is sprinklered throughout.
(8)A therapeutic bathing system in a Group B occupancy need not comply with Sentence (5) if the room in which it is located,
(a)does not open directly into patients’ or residents’ sleeping rooms, and
(b)is sprinklered.
3.1.13.8. Noncombustible ConstructionCopy link
(1)In a building required to be of noncombustible construction,
(a)the flame-spread ratings required by Subsection 3.1.5. shall apply in addition to the requirements in this Subsection, and
(b)the flame-spread ratings for exits in this Subsection shall also apply to any surface in the exit that would be exposed by cutting through the material in any direction, except that this requirement does not apply to doors, heavy timber construction in a sprinklered building and fire-retardant-treated wood.
3.1.13.9. Underground WalkwaysCopy link
(1)Except for paint, the interior wall and ceiling finishes of an underground walkway shall be of noncombustible materials.
3.1.13.10. Exterior Exit PassagewayCopy link
(1)The wall and ceiling finishes of an exterior exit passageway that provides the only means of egress from the rooms or suites it serves, including the soffit beneath and the guard on the passageway, shall have a flame-spread rating not more than 25, except that a flame-spread rating not more than 150 is permitted for up to 10% of the total wall area and for up to 10% of the total ceiling area.
3.1.13.11. Elevator CarsCopy link
(1)The wall and ceiling surfaces of elevator cars shall have a flame-spread rating not more than 75.
(2)The wall, ceiling and floor surfaces of elevator cars shall have a smoke developed classification not more than 450.
3.1.13.12. Encapsulated Mass Timber ConstructionCopy link
(1)In a building or part of a building permitted to be of encapsulated mass timber construction,
(a)the flame-spread ratings required by Subsection 3.1.6. shall apply in addition to the requirements in this Subsection, and
(b)the flame-spread ratings for exits required by this Subsection shall also apply to any surface in the exit that would be exposed by cutting through the material in any direction, except that this requirement does not apply to doors, structural mass timber elements conforming to Sentence 3.1.6.4.(3), heavy timber construction and fire-retardant- treated wood.
3.1.14. Roof AssembliesCopy link
3.1.14.1. Fire-Retardant-Treated Wood Roof SystemsCopy link
(1)If a fire-retardant-treated wood roof system is used to comply with the requirements of Subsection 3.2.2., the roof deck assembly shall meet the conditions of acceptance of CAN/ULC-S126, “Standard Method of Test for Fire Spread Under Roof-Deck Assemblies.”
(2)Supports for the roof deck assembly referred to in Sentence (1) shall consist of
(a)fire-retardant-treated wood,
(b)heavy timber construction,
(c)noncombustible construction, or
(d)a combination thereof.
3.1.14.2. Metal Roof Deck AssembliesCopy link
(1)Except as permitted by Sentence (2), a metal roof deck assembly shall meet the conditions of acceptance of CAN/ULC-S126, “Standard Method of Test for Fire Spread Under Roof-Deck Assemblies,” if
(a)it supports a combustible material above the deck that could propagate a fire beneath the roof deck assembly, and
(b)the deck is used to comply with the requirements of Sentences 3.2.2.25.(2), 3.2.2.32.(2), 3.2.2.62.(2), 3.2.2.68.(2), 3.2.2.78.(2) and 3.2.2.85.(2) for noncombustible construction.
(2)The requirements of Sentence (1) are waived provided
(a)the combustible material above the roof deck is protected by not less than 12.7 mm thick gypsum board, mechanically fastened to a supporting assembly if located beneath the roof deck, or by a thermal barrier conforming to one of Clauses 3.1.5.15.(2)(c) to
(e)that is located
(i)on the underside of the combustible material, or
(ii)beneath the roof deck,
(b)the building is sprinklered throughout , or
(c)the roof assembly has a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min.
3.1.15. Roof CoveringCopy link
3.1.15.1. Roof Covering ClassificationCopy link
(1)A roof covering classification shall be determined in conformance with CAN/ULC-S107, “Standard Method of Fire Tests of Roof Coverings.” (See Note A-3.1.15.1.(1))
3.1.15.2. Roof CoveringsCopy link
(1)Except as provided by Sentences (2) to (4), every roof covering shall have a Class A, B or C classification as determined in accordance with Article 3.1.15.1.
(2)A roof covering is not required to have a Class A, B or C classification for
(a)a tent,
(b)an air-supported structure,
(c)a building of Group A, Division 2 occupancy not more than 2 storeys in building height and not more than 1 000 m² in building area, provided the roof covering is underlaid with noncombustible material, or
(d)a steel building system described in Article 4.3.4.3., provided the roof covering consists of brick, masonry, concrete, metal sheets or metal shingles.
(3)Except as provided in Sentence (5), roof coverings on buildings conforming to Article 3.2.2.51. or 3.2.2.60. shall have a Class A classification where the roof height is greater than 25 m measured from the floor of the first storey to the highest point of the roof.
(4)Except as provided in Sentence (5), roof coverings in buildings or parts of buildings permitted to be of encapsulated mass timber construction shall have a Class A classification if the roof height is greater than 25 m measured from the floor of the first storey to the highest point of the roof.
(5)Where buildings or parts thereof conforming to Article 3.2.2.48., 3.2.2.51., 3.2.2.57. or 3.2.2.60. include non- contiguous roof assemblies at different elevations, the roof coverings referred to in Sentences (3) and (4) are permitted to be evaluated separately to determine the roof covering classification required.
3.1.16. FabricsCopy link
3.1.16.1. Fabric Awnings, Canopies and MarqueesCopy link
(1)Fabrics used as part of an awning, canopy or marquee that is located within or attached to a building of any type of construction shall conform to CAN/ULC-S109, “Standard Method of Flame Tests of Flame-Resistant Fabrics and Films.”
3.1.17. Occupant LoadCopy link
3.1.17.1. Occupant Load DeterminationCopy link
(1)The occupant load of a floor area or part of a floor area, shall be based on
(a)and (b), unless it can be shown that the area will be occupied by fewer persons.
(b)2 persons per sleeping room in a dwelling unit, or
(c)the number of persons for which the area is designed, but not less than that determined from Table 3.1.17.1. for occupancies other than those described in Clauses
(2)If a floor area or part thereof it has been designed for an occupant load other than that determined from Table 3.1.17.1., a permanent sign indicating that occupant load shall be posted in a conspicuous location.
(3)For the purposes of this Article, mezzanines, tiers and balconies shall be regarded as part of the floor area.
(4)If a room or group of rooms is intended for different occupancies at different times, the value to be used from Table 3.1.17.1. shall be the value that gives the greatest number of persons for the occupancies concerned.
3.1.17.2. Public PoolsCopy link
(1)The occupant load of a public pool, except a wave action pool, shall be determined by the following formula:
(2)The occupant load of a wave action pool shall be determined by the following formula:
3.1.18. ReservedCopy link
3.1.19. Drainage and GradesCopy link
3.1.19.1. DrainageCopy link
(1)The building shall be located and the building site graded so that water will not accumulate at or near the building and will not adversely affect any adjacent properties.
3.1.20. Above Ground Electrical ConductorsCopy link
3.1.20.1. Clearance to BuildingsCopy link
(1)A building shall not be located beneath existing above ground electrical conductors.
(2)The horizontal clearance measured from the maximum conductor swing to the building, including balconies, fire escapes, flat roofs or other accessible projections beyond the face of the building, shall,
(a)be not less than 1 m, for electrical conductors carrying voltages 750 V or less, except where necessary to connect to the electrical wiring of the building,
(b)be not less than 3 m, for electrical conductors carrying voltages greater than 750 V but not exceeding 46 kV,
(c)be not less than 3.7 m, for electrical conductors carrying voltages greater than 46 kV but not exceeding 69 kV, or
(d)conform to the requirements of CAN/CSA-C22.3 No.1, “Overhead Systems,” for electrical conductors carrying voltages greater than 69 kV.
(3)Where the swing of an above ground electrical conductor not owned or operated by an electrical supply authority is not known, a swing of not less than 1.8 m shall be used.
(4)Sentences (1) to (3) do not apply to a building containing electrical equipment and electrical installations used exclusively in the generation, transformation or transmission of electrical power or energy intended for sale or distribution to the public.
3.1.21. Glass in GuardsCopy link
3.1.21.1. GlassCopy link
(1)Except as provided in Sentence 3.3.4.7.(2), glass in guards shall conform to MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-13, “Glass in Guards.”
Section 3.2 Building Fire SafetyCopy link
3.2.1. GeneralCopy link
3.2.1.1. Exceptions in Determining Building HeightCopy link
(1)A rooftop enclosure provided for elevator machinery, a stairway or a service room used for no purpose other than for service to the building, shall not be considered as a storey in calculating the building height.
(2)Space under tiers of seats in a building of the arena type shall not be considered as adding to the building height provided the space is used only for dressing rooms, concession stands and similar purposes incidental to the major occupancy of the building.
(3)Except as required by Sentence (5), the space above a mezzanine need not be considered as a storey in calculating building height provided
(a)the aggregate area of mezzanines that are not superimposed does not exceed 40% of the open area of the room in which they are located, and (See Note A-3.2.1.1.(3)(a))
(b)except as permitted in Sentences (7) and 3.3.2.13.(3) the space above the mezzanine is used as an open area without partitions or subdividing walls higher than 1 070 mm above the mezzanine floor.
(4)Except as required by Sentence (5), the space above a mezzanine need not be considered as a storey in calculating the building height provided
(a)the aggregate area of mezzanines that are not superimposed and do not meet the conditions of Sentence (3) does not exceed 10% of the floor area in which they are located, and
(b)the area of a mezzanine in a suite does not exceed 10% of the area of that suite.
(5)Except as permitted by Sentence (6), each level of mezzanine that is partly or wholly superimposed above the first level of mezzanine shall be considered as a storey in calculating the building height.
(6)Platforms intended solely for periodic inspection and elevated maintenance catwalks need not be considered as floor assemblies or mezzanines for the purpose of calculating building height, provided
(a)they are not used for storage, and
(b)they are constructed with noncombustible materials unless the building is permitted to be of combustible construction.
(7)The space above a mezzanine conforming to Sentence (3) is permitted to include an enclosed space whose area does not exceed 10% of the open area of the room in which the mezzanine is located, provided the enclosed space does not obstruct visual communication between the open space above the mezzanine and the room in which it is located. (See Note A-3.2.1.1.(3)(a)
(8)A service space in which facilities are included to permit a person to enter and to undertake maintenance and other operations pertaining to building services from within the service space need not be considered a storey if it conforms to Articles 3.2.5.14. and 3.3.1.25., and Sentences 3.2.4.18.(11), 3.2.7.3.(2), 3.3.1.3.(7), 3.4.2.4.(3) and 3.4.4.4.(9). (See Note A-3.2.1.1.(8))
3.2.1.2. Storage Garage Considered as a Separate BuildingCopy link
(1)A basement used primarily as a storage garage is permitted to be considered as a separate building for the purposes of Subsection 3.2.2. and Sentences 3.2.5.12.(2) and (3), provided the floor and roof assemblies above the basement and the exterior walls of the basement above the adjoining ground level are constructed as fire separations of noncombustible construction having a fire-resistance rating not less than 2 h and protected in conformance with Clause 3.1.10.2.(4)(a), except as permitted by Sentence (2). (See Notes A-3.1.10.2.(4) and A-3.2.5.12.(2))
(2)The exterior wall of a basement that is required to be a fire separation with a fire-resistance rating in accordance with Sentence (1) is permitted to be penetrated by openings that are not protected by closures provided
(a)the storage garage is sprinklered throughout ,
(b)every opening in the exterior wall is separated from storeys above the opening by a projection of the floor or roof assembly above the basement, extending not less than
(i)1 m beyond the exterior face of the storage garage if the upper storeys are required to be of noncombustible construction, or
(ii)2 m beyond the exterior face of the storage garage if the upper storeys are permitted to be of combustible construction or encapsulated mass timber construction, or
(c)the exterior walls of any storeys located above the floor or roof assembly referred to in Sentence (1) are recessed behind the outer edge of the assembly by not less than
(i)1 m if the upper storeys are required to be of noncombustible construction, or
(ii)2 m if the upper storeys are permitted to be of combustible construction or encapsulated mass timber construction.
(3)The floor or roof assembly projection referred to in Clause (2)(b) shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than 2 h and shall have no openings within the projection.
3.2.1.3. Roof Considered as a WallCopy link
(1)For the purposes of this Section any part of a roof that is pitched at an angle of 60 or more to the horizontal and is adjacent to a space intended for occupancy within a building shall be considered as part of an exterior wall of the building.
3.2.1.4. Floor Assembly Over BasementCopy link
(1)Except as permitted by Sentence 3.2.2.47.(3), 3.2.2.49.(3), 3.2.2.50.(3), 3.2.2.52.(3), 3.2.2.53.(3), 3.2.2.54.(3) or 3.2.2.55.(3), a floor assembly immediately above a basement shall be constructed as a fire separation having a fire- resistance rating conforming to the requirements of Articles 3.2.2.20. to 3.2.2.92. for a floor assembly, but not less than 45 min
(2)All loadbearing walls, columns and arches supporting a floor assembly immediately above a basement shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than that required by Sentence (1) for the floor assembly.
3.2.1.5. Fire Containment in BasementsCopy link
(1)Except as permitted by Sentences (2) and 3.2.2.15.(3), in a building in which an automatic sprinkler system is not required to be installed by Articles 3.2.2.18., every basement shall
(a)be sprinklered throughout, or
(b)be subdivided into fire compartments not more than 600 m² in area by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than that required for the floor assembly immediately above the basement.
(2)An open-air storey need not conform to Sentence (1).
3.2.1.6. MezzaninesCopy link
(1)The floor assembly of a mezzanine that is required to be considered as a storey in calculating the building height shall be constructed in conformance with the fire separation requirements for floor assemblies in Articles 3.2.2.20. to 3.2.2.92.
3.2.2. Building Size and Construction Relative to OccupancyCopy link
3.2.2.1. ApplicationCopy link
(1)Except as permitted by Article 3.2.2.3., a building shall be constructed in conformance with this Subsection to prevent fire spread and collapse caused by the effects of fire. (See Subsection 3.1.3. for fire separations between major occupancies.)
3.2.2.2. Special and Unusual StructuresCopy link
(1)A structure that cannot be identified with the characteristics of a building in Articles 3.2.2.20. to 3.2.2.92. shall be protected against fire spread and collapse in conformance with good fire protection engineering practice. (See Note A- 3.2.2.2.(1)) (See also Notes A-3 and A-3.2.5.12.(1))
3.2.2.3. Exceptions to Structural Fire ProtectionCopy link
(1)Fire protection is not required for
(a)steel lintels above openings not more than 2 m wide in loadbearing walls and not more than 3 m wide in non- loadbearing walls,
(b)steel lintels above openings more than 2 m wide in loadbearing walls and more than 3 m wide in non- loadbearing walls provided the lintels are supported at intervals of not more than 2 m by structural members with the required fire-resistance rating,
(c)the bottom flanges of shelf angles and plates that are not a part of the structural frame,
(d)steel members for framework around elevator hoistway doorways, steel for the support of elevator and dumbwaiter guides, counterweights and other similar equipment, that are entirely enclosed in a hoistway and are not a part of the structural frame of the building,
(e)steel members of stairways and escalators that are not a part of the structural frame of a building,
(f)steel members of porches, exterior balconies, exterior stairways, fire escapes, cornices, marquees and other similar appurtenances, provided they are outside an exterior wall of a building, and
(g)loadbearing steel or concrete members wholly or partly outside a building face in a building not more than 4 storeys in building height and classified as Group A, B, C, D or F, Division 3 major occupancy provided the members are
(i)not less than 1 m away from any unprotected opening in an exterior wall, or
(ii)shielded from heat radiation in the event of a fire within the building by construction that will provide the same degree of protection that would be necessary if the member was located inside the building, with the protection extending on either side of the member a distance equal to the projection of the member from the face of the wall. (See also Article 3.2.3.9.)
3.2.2.4. Buildings with Multiple Major OccupanciesCopy link
(1)The requirements restricting fire spread and collapse for a building of a single major occupancy classification are provided in this Subsection according to its building height and building area.
(2)If a building contains more than one major occupancy, classified in more than one Group or Division, the requirements of this Subsection concerning building size and construction relative to major occupancy shall apply according to Articles 3.2.2.5. to 3.2.2.8.
(3)For the purposes of Sentences (1) and (2), a retirement home is deemed to be a separate major occupancy.
3.2.2.5. Applicable Building Height and AreaCopy link
(1)In determining the fire safety requirements of a building in relation to each of the major occupancies contained therein, the building height and building area of the entire building shall be used.
(2)For the purposes of Sentence (1), a retirement home is deemed to be a separate major occupancy.
3.2.2.6. Multiple Major OccupanciesCopy link
(1)Except as permitted by Articles 3.2.2.7. and 3.2.2.8., and Sentences 3.2.2.48.(4), 3.2.2.51.(5), 3.2.2.57.(3) and 3.2.2.60.(4), in a building containing more than one major occupancy, the requirements of this Subsection for the most restricted major occupancy contained shall apply to the whole building.
(2)For the purposes of Sentence (1), a retirement home is deemed to be a separate major occupancy.
3.2.2.7. Superimposed Major OccupanciesCopy link
(1)Except as permitted in Article 3.2.2.8. and Sentences 3.2.2.18.(2), 3.2.2.48.(4), 3.2.2.51.(5), 3.2.2.57.(3) and 3.2.2.60.(4), in a building in which one major occupancy is located entirely above another major occupancy, the requirements in this Subsection for each portion of the building containing a major occupancy shall apply to that portion as if the entire building were of that major occupancy.
(2)If one major occupancy is located above another major occupancy, the fire-resistance rating of the floor assembly between the major occupancies shall be determined on the basis of the requirements of this Subsection for the lower major occupancy. (See also Article 3.1.3.1.)
(3)For the purposes of Sentences (1) and (2), a retirement home is deemed to be a separate major occupancy.
3.2.2.8. Exceptions for Major OccupanciesCopy link
(1)In a building in which the aggregate area of all major occupancies in a particular Group or Division is not more than 10% of the floor area of the storey in which they are located, these major occupancies need not be considered as major occupancies for the purposes of this Subsection, provided they are not classified as Group F, Division 1 or 2 occupancies.
(2)For the purposes of Sentence (1), a retirement home is deemed to be a separate major occupancy.
(3)A helicopter landing area on the roof of a building need not be considered a major occupancy for purposes of Subsection 3.2.2. where such landing area is not more than 10% of the area of the roof.
3.2.2.9. Crawl SpacesCopy link
(1)For the purposes of Articles 3.1.11.6., 3.2.1.4. and 3.2.1.5., a crawl space shall be considered as a basement if it is
(a)more than 1.8 m high between the lowest part of the floor assembly and the ground or other surface below,
(b)used for any occupancy,
(c)used for the passage of flue pipes, or
(d)used as a plenum in combustible construction.
(2)A floor assembly immediately above a crawl space is not required to be constructed as a fire separation and is not required to have a fire-resistance rating provided the crawl space is not required to be considered as a basement by Sentence (1).
3.2.2.10. StreetsCopy link
(1)Every building shall face a street located in conformance with the requirements of Articles 3.2.5.4 and 3.2.5.5 for access routes.
(2)For the purposes of Subsections 3.2.2. and 3.2.5. an access route conforming to Subsection 3.2.5. is permitted to be considered as a street.
(3)A building conforming to Article 3.2.2.51. or 3.2.2.60. is considered to face one street, where
(a)not less than 25% of the building perimeter is located within 15 m of a street or streets, or
(b)not less than 10% of the building perimeter is located within 15 m of a street or streets, provided the exterior cladding conforms to Sentence 3.1.4.8.(2).
(4)A building is considered to face 2 streets provided not less than 50% of the building perimeter is located within 15 m of the street or streets.
(5)A building is considered to face 3 streets provided not less than 75% of the building perimeter is located within 15 m of the street or streets.
(6)Enclosed spaces, tunnels, bridges and similar structures, even though used for vehicular or pedestrian traffic, are not considered as streets for the purpose of this Part.
3.2.2.11. Exterior BalconiesCopy link
(1)Except as provided in Sentence (2), an exterior balcony shall be constructed in accordance with the type of construction required by Articles 3.2.2.20. to 3.2.2.92., as applicable to the occupancy classification of the building.
(2)The floor assembly of an exterior balcony in a building or part of a building conforming to Article 3.2.2.48. or 3.2.2.57. shall
(a)be of noncombustible construction, or
(b)be constructed in accordance with Article 3.1.6.3., but need not comply with Sentence 3.1.6.4.(1).
3.2.2.12. Exterior PassagewaysCopy link
(1)An elevated exterior passageway used as part of a means of egress shall conform to the requirements of Articles 3.2.2.20. to 3.2.2.92. for mezzanines.
3.2.2.13. Occupancy on RoofCopy link
(1)A portion of a roof that supports an occupancy shall be constructed in conformance with the fire separation requirements of Articles 3.2.2.20. to 3.2.2.92. for floor assemblies.
3.2.2.14. Rooftop EnclosuresCopy link
(1)A rooftop enclosure for elevator machinery or for a service room shall be constructed in accordance with the type of construction required by Articles 3.2.2.20. to 3.2.2.92.
(2)A rooftop enclosure for elevator machinery or for a service room, not more than 1 storey high, is not required to have a fire-resistance rating.
(3)A rooftop enclosure for a stairway shall be constructed in accordance with the type of construction required by Articles 3.2.2.20. to 3.2.2.92.
(4)A rooftop enclosure for a stairway need not have a fire-resistance rating nor be constructed as a fire separation.
3.2.2.15. Storeys Below GroundCopy link
(1)If a building is erected entirely below the adjoining finished ground level and does not extend more than one storey below that ground level, the minimum precautions against fire spread and collapse shall be the same as are required for basements under a building of 1 storey in building height having the same occupancy and building area.
(2)If any portion of a building is erected entirely below the adjoining finished ground level and extends more than 1 storey below that ground level, the following minimum precautions against fire spread and collapse shall be taken:
(a)except as permitted by Sentence (3), the basements shall be sprinklered throughout ,
(b)a floor assembly below the ground level shall be constructed as a fire separation with a fire-resistance rating not less than
(i)3 h if the basements are used as Group E or Group F, Division 1 or 2 occupancies, or
(ii)2 h if the basements are not used as Group E or Group F, Division 1 or 2 occupancies, and
(c)all loadbearing walls, columns and arches shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than that required for the construction that they support.
(3)If the first storey of a building is not required to be sprinklered, sprinklers are not required in the storey immediately below the first storey, provided the storey below
(a)contains only residential occupancies, and
(b)has at least one unobstructed access opening conforming to Sentence 3.2.5.1.(2) installed on that storey for each 15 m of wall length in at least one wall required by this Subsection to face a street.
3.2.2.16. Heavy Timber Roof PermittedCopy link
(1)Unless otherwise permitted by Articles 3.2.2.20. to 3.2.2.92., a roof assembly in a building up to 2 storeys in building height is permitted to be of heavy timber construction regardless of building area or type of construction required, provided the building is sprinklered throughout.
(2)If Sentence (1) permits a roof assembly to be of heavy timber construction, structural members in the storey immediately below the roof assembly are permitted to be of heavy timber construction.
3.2.2.17. Roof Assemblies and Mezzanines in Gymnasiums, Swimming Pools, Arenas and RinksCopy link
(1)The requirements for a roof assembly to have a fire-resistance rating stated in Articles 3.2.2.25., 3.2.2.30. and 3.2.2.32. are permitted to be waived for gymnasiums, swimming pools, arenas, and rinks, provided
(a)the roof carries no loads other than normal roof loads, including permanent access walks, and ventilating, sound and lighting equipment, and
(b)except as provided in Sentence (3), no part of the roof assembly is less than 6 m above the main floor or balcony. (See Note A-3.2.2.17.(1))
(2)The requirements for a mezzanine to have a fire-resistance rating stated in Articles 3.2.2.25., 3.2.2.30. and 3.2.2.32. are permitted to be waived for gymnasiums, swimming pools, arenas, and rinks, provided
(a)the mezzanine is not required to be considered as a storey as per Sentences 3.2.1.1.(3) to (5),
(b)the mezzanine is used only for ventilating, sound and lighting equipment, and
(c)except as provided in Sentence (3), no part of the mezzanine is less than 6 m above the main floor or balcony.
(3)The restrictions concerning minimum distance stated in Clauses (1)(b) and (2)(c) shall not apply to
(a)an inclined and stepped floor ascending from the main floor that is used for seating purposes only, or
(b)a balcony used for seating purposes only.
3.2.2.18. Automatic Sprinkler System RequiredCopy link
(1)Except as permitted by Sentence (2), an automatic sprinkler system conforming to the requirements of Articles 3.2.4.7., 3.2.4.8., 3.2.4.9. and 3.2.5.12. shall be installed throughout a building regulated by one or more of Articles 3.2.2.20., 3.2.2.21., 3.2.2.22., 3.2.2.23., 3.2.2.24., 3.2.2.26., 3.2.2.27., 3.2.2.29., 3.2.2.31., 3.2.2.33., 3.2.2.36., 3.2.2.37., 3.2.2.38., 3.2.2.39., 3.2.2.40., 3.2.2.41., 3.2.2.42., 3.2.2.43., 3.2.2.44., 3.2.2.45., 3.2.2.46., 3.2.2.47., 3.2.2.48., 3.2.2.49., 3.2.2.51., 3.2.2.52., 3.2.2.55., 3.2.2.55A., 3.2.2.55B., 3.2.2.55C., 3.2.2.55D., 3.2.2.55.E., 3.2.2.56., 3.2.2.57., 3.2.2.59., 3.2.2.60., 3.2.2.61., 3.2.2.63., 3.2.2.65., 3.2.2.66., 3.2.2.67., 3.2.2.69., 3.2.2.71., 3.2.2.72., 3.2.2.73., 3.2.2.74., 3.2.2.76., 3.2.2.77., 3.2.2.79., 3.2.2.81., 3.2.2.82., 3.2.2.84., 3.2.2.86., 3.2.2.88. and 3.2.2.90.
(2)If a storey in a building or a floor area is required to have an automatic sprinkler system installed throughout in accordance with one or more of Articles 3.2.2.20. to 3.2.2.92. or Section 3.3., the automatic sprinkler system shall also be installed throughout all lower storeys in the building notwithstanding permission in Articles 3.2.2.20. to 3.2.2.92. to construct one or more of those storeys without installing automatic sprinkler protection. (See Note A-3.2.2.18.(2))
3.2.2.19. Buildings Containing Impeded Egress ZonesCopy link
(1)A building containing an impeded egress zone and conforming to the appropriate requirements of Articles 3.2.2.20. to 3.2.2.92. is not required to conform to the requirements of Articles 3.2.2.36. and 3.2.2.37. for a Group B, Division 1 major occupancy provided
(a)the building is sprinklered throughout,
(b)it is not more than 1 storey in building height,
(c)it does not include
(i)a contained use area,
(ii)sleeping accommodation,
(iii)a high-hazard industrial occupancy, or
(iv)a mercantile occupancy,
(d)the building area is not more than 6 400 m² if the building includes a medium-hazard industrial occupancy,
(e)the impeded egress zone does not extend beyond the boundaries of the fire compartment in which it is located, and
(f)the occupant load of the impeded egress zone is not more than 100.
3.2.2.20. Group A, Division 1, Any Height, Any Area, SprinkleredCopy link
(1)Except as permitted by Articles 3.2.2.21. and 3.2.2.22., a building classified as Group A, Division 1 shall conform to Sentence (2).
(2)Except as permitted by Article 3.2.2.16., the building referred to in Sentence (1) shall be of noncombustible construction, and
(a)except as permitted by Sentences 3.2.2.7.(1) and 3.2.2.18.(2), the building shall be sprinklered throughout,
(b)floor assemblies shall be fire separations with a fire-resistance rating not less than 2 h,
(c)mezzanines shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h, and
(d)loadbearing walls, columns and arches shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than that required for the supported assembly.
3.2.2.21. Group A, Division 1, One Storey, Limited Area, SprinkleredCopy link
(1)A building classified as Group A, Division 1 is permitted to conform to Sentence (2) provided
(a)except as permitted by Sentences 3.2.2.7.(1) and 3.2.2.18.(2), the building is sprinklered throughout,
(i)with a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min, or
(ii)of heavy timber construction, and
(b)it is not more than 1 storey in building height,
(i)have a fire-resistance rating not less than that required for the supported assembly, or
(ii)be of heavy timber construction.
(c)it has less than 40% of the area of the building as 2 storeys for the purpose of
(i)development of productions including preparation of scenery and costumes and rehearsal of performers,
(ii)organization of performers, scenery and sound equipment,
(iii)preparation by performers for a performance,
(iv)managerial functions, or
(v)toilets, rest rooms and similar public facilities,
(d)it has no occupancy above or below the auditorium other than one which serves it or is dependent on it,
(e)it is not more than 600 m² in building area, and
(f)the occupant load is not more than 600. (2) The building referred to in Sentence (1) is permitted to be of heavy timber construction or noncombustible construction used singly or in combination, and
3.2.2.22. Group A, Division 1, One Storey, SprinkleredCopy link
(1)A building classified as Group A, Division 1 is permitted to conform to Sentence (2) provided
(a)except as permitted by Sentences 3.2.2.7.(1) and 3.2.2.18.(2), the building is sprinklered throughout,
(b)it is not more than 1 storey in building height,
(c)no part of an auditorium floor is more than 5 m above or below grade,
(d)no occupancy is above or below the auditorium other than one which serves it or is dependent on it, and
(e)the occupant load of the auditorium floor is not more than 300.
(2)The building referred to in Sentence (1) is permitted to be of combustible construction or noncombustible construction used singly or in combination, and
(a)floor assemblies shall be fire separations with a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min,
(b)mezzanines shall have, if of combustible construction, a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min,
(c)loadbearing walls, columns and arches supporting an assembly required to have a fire-resistance rating shall
(i)have a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min, or
(ii)be of noncombustible construction, and
(d)loadbearing walls, columns and arches supporting a fire separation shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than that required for the fire separation.
3.2.2.23. Group A, Division 2, Any Height, Any Area, SprinkleredCopy link
(1)Except as permitted by Articles 3.2.2.24. to 3.2.2.28., a building classified as Group A, Division 2 shall conform to Sentence (2).
(2)Except as permitted by Article 3.2.2.16., the building referred to in Sentence (1) shall be of noncombustible construction, and
(a)except as permitted by Sentences 3.2.2.7.(1) and 3.2.2.18.(2), the building shall be sprinklered throughout,
(b)floor assemblies shall be fire separations with a fire-resistance rating not less than 2 h,
(c)mezzanines shall have a fire-resistance rating not less 1 h, and
(d)loadbearing walls, columns and arches shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than that required for the supported assembly.
3.2.2.24. Group A, Division 2, up to 6 Storeys, Any Area, SprinkleredCopy link
(1)A building classified as Group A, Division 2, that is not limited by building area, is permitted to conform to Sentence (2) provided
(a)except as permitted by Sentences 3.2.2.7.(1) and 3.2.2.18.(2), the building is sprinklered throughout, and
(b)it is not more than 6 storeys in building height.
(2)Except as permitted by Article 3.2.2.16., the building referred to in Sentence (1) shall be of noncombustible construction, and
(a)floor assemblies shall be fire separations with a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h,
(b)mezzanines shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h, and
(c)all loadbearing walls, columns and arches shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than that required for the supported assembly.
3.2.2.25. Group A, Division 2, up to 2 StoreysCopy link
(1)A building classified as Group A, Division 2 is permitted to conform to Sentence (2) provided
(a)it is not more than 2 storeys in building height, and
(b)it has a building area not more than the value in Table 3.2.2.25. Table 3.2.2.25. Maximum Building Area, Group A, Division 2, up to 2 Storeys Forming Part of Sentence 3.2.2.25.(1)
(2)The building referred to in Sentence (1) is permitted to be of combustible construction or noncombustible construction used singly or in combination, and
(a)floor assemblies shall be fire separations and, if of combustible construction, shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min,
(b)except as permitted by Article 3.2.2.17., mezzanines shall have, if of combustible construction, a fire-resistance rating not less 45 min,
(c)except as permitted by Article 3.2.2.17., roof assemblies shall have, if of combustible construction, a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min, except that in a building not more than 1 storey in building height, the fire-resistance rating is permitted to be waived provided the roof assembly is constructed as a fire-retardant-treated wood roof system conforming to Article 3.1.14.1., and the building area is not more than
(i)800 m² if facing one street,
(ii)1 000 m² if facing 2 streets, or
(iii)1 200 m² if facing 3 streets, and
(d)loadbearing walls, columns and arches supporting an assembly required to have a fire-resistance rating shall
(i)have a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min, or
(ii)be of noncombustible construction.
3.2.2.26. Group A, Division 2, up to 2 Storeys, Increased Area, SprinkleredCopy link
(1)A building classified as Group A, Division 2 is permitted to conform to Sentence (2) provided
(a)except as permitted by Sentences 3.2.2.7.(1) and 3.2.2.18.(2), the building is sprinklered throughout ,
(b)it is not more than 2 storeys in building height, and
(c)it has a building area not more than
(i)4 800 m² if 1 storey in building height, or
(ii)2 400 m² if 2 storeys in building height.
(2)The building referred to in Sentence (1) is permitted to be of combustible construction or noncombustible construction used singly or in combination, and
(a)floor assemblies shall be fire separations and, if of combustible construction, shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min,
(b)mezzanines shall have, if of combustible construction, a fire-resistance rating not less 45 min, and
(c)loadbearing walls, columns and arches supporting an assembly required to have a fire-resistance rating shall
(i)have a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min, or
(ii)be of noncombustible construction.
3.2.2.27. Group A, Division 2, up to 2 Storeys, SprinkleredCopy link
(1)A building classified as Group A, Division 2 is permitted to be of combustible construction or noncombustible construction used singly or in combination, provided
(a)except as permitted by Sentences 3.2.2.7.(1) and 3.2.2.18.(2), the building is sprinklered throughout,
(b)it is not more than 2 storeys in building height, and
(c)it has a building area not more than
(i)2 400 m² if 1 storey in building height with no basement,
(ii)1 200 m² if 1 storey in building height, or
(iii)600 m² if 2 storeys in building height.
3.2.2.28. Group A, Division 2, One StoreyCopy link
(1)A building classified as Group A, Division 2 is permitted to be of combustible construction or noncombustible construction used singly or in combination, provided
(a)it is not more than 1 storey in building height, and
(b)except as permitted by Sentence (2), it has a building area not more than
(i)400 m² if facing one street,
(ii)500 m² if facing 2 streets, or
(iii)600 m² if facing 3 streets.
(2)In a building referred to in Sentence (1) without a basement, the building area limits of Sentence (1) are permitted to be doubled provided a fire separation with a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h is used to separate the building into fire compartments, each one of which does not exceed the area limits of Clause (1)(b).
3.2.2.29. Group A, Division 3, Any Height, Any Area, SprinkleredCopy link
(1)Except as permitted by Articles 3.2.2.30. to 3.2.2.34., a building classified as Group A, Division 3 shall conform to Sentence (2).
(2)Except as permitted by Article 3.2.2.16., the building referred to in Sentence (1) shall be of noncombustible construction, and
(a)except as permitted by Sentences 3.2.2.7.(1) and 3.2.2.18.(2), the building shall be sprinklered throughout,
(b)floor assemblies shall be fire separations with a fire-resistance rating not less than 2 h,
(c)mezzanines shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h, and
(d)loadbearing walls, columns and arches shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than that required for the supported assembly.
3.2.2.30. Group A, Division 3, up to 2 StoreysCopy link
(1)A building classified as Group A, Division 3 is permitted to conform to Sentence (2) provided
(a)it is not more than 2 storeys in building height, and
(b)it has a building area not more than the value in Table 3.2.2.30.
(2)Except as permitted by Clauses
(c)and (d), the building referred to in Sentence (1) shall be of noncombustible construction, and
(i)have a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min, or
(ii)be of heavy timber construction, and
(a)floor assemblies shall be fire separations with a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h,
(b)except as permitted by Article 3.2.2.17., mezzanines shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h,
(d)loadbearing walls, columns and arches shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than that required for the supported assembly, except that arches and structural members within the storey immediately below a roof assembly are permitted to be of heavy timber construction.
(3)If intended for occasional use for trade shows and similar exhibition purposes, the building referred to in Sentence (1) that is more than 1 500 m² in building area shall be sprinklered throughout.
3.2.2.31. Group A, Division 3, up to 2 Storeys, SprinkleredCopy link
(1)A building classified as Group A, Division 3 is permitted to conform to Sentence (2) provided
(a)except as permitted by Sentences 3.2.2.7.(1) and 3.2.2.18.(2), the building shall be sprinklered throughout,
(b)it is not more than 2 storeys in building height, and
(c)it has a building area not more than
(i)12 000 m² if 1 storey in building height, or
(ii)6 000 m² if 2 storeys in building height.
(2)Except as permitted by Clause (c) and Article 3.2.2.16., the building referred to in Sentence (1) shall be of noncombustible construction, and
(a)floor assemblies shall be fire separations with a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h,
(b)mezzanines shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h, and
(c)loadbearing walls, columns and arches shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than that required for the supported assembly, except that arches are permitted to be of heavy timber construction.
3.2.2.32. Group A, Division 3, One Storey, Increased AreaCopy link
(1)A building classified as Group A, Division 3 is permitted to conform to Sentence (2) provided
(a)it is not more than 1 storey in building height, and
(b)it has a building area not more than
(i)2 400 m² if facing one street,
(ii)3 000 m² if facing 2 streets, or
(iii)3 600 m² if facing 3 streets.
(2)The building referred to in Sentence (1) is permitted to be of combustible construction or noncombustible construction used singly or in combination, and
(a)except as permitted by Article 3.2.2.17., mezzanines shall have, if of combustible construction, a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min,
(b)except as permitted by Article 3.2.2.17., roof assemblies shall have, if of combustible construction, a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min, except that the fire-resistance rating is permitted to be waived provided the roof assembly is constructed as a fire-retardant-treated wood roof system conforming to Article 3.1.14.1., and the building area is not more than
(i)1 200 m² if facing one street,
(ii)1 500 m² if facing 2 streets, or
(iii)1 800 m² if facing 3 streets, and
(c)loadbearing walls, columns and arches supporting an assembly required to have a fire-resistance rating shall
(i)have a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min, or
(ii)be of noncombustible construction. (3) If intended for occasional use for trade shows and similar exhibition purposes, the building referred to in Sentence (1) that is more than 1 500 m² in building area shall be sprinklered throughout.
3.2.2.33. Group A, Division 3, One Storey, SprinkleredCopy link
(1)A building classified as Group A, Division 3 is permitted to be of combustible construction or noncombustible construction used singly or in combination, provided,
(a)except as permitted by Sentences 3.2.2.7.(1) and 3.2.2.18.(2), the building is sprinklered throughout,
(b)it is not more than 1 storey in building height, and
(c)it has a building area not more than 7 200 m².
3.2.2.34. Group A, Division 3, One StoreyCopy link
(1)A building classified as Group A, Division 3 is permitted to be of combustible construction or noncombustible construction used singly or in combination, provided
(a)it is not more than 1 storey in building height, and
(b)it has a building area not more than
(i)1 000 m² if facing one street,
(ii)1 250 m² if facing 2 streets, or
(iii)1 500 m² if facing 3 streets.
3.2.2.35. Group A, Division 4Copy link
(1)Except as permitted by Sentences (2) and (3), a building classified as Group A, Division 4 shall be of noncombustible construction.
(2)Roof assemblies and supporting arches and columns are permitted to be of heavy timber construction.
(3)A building classified as Group A, Division 4 is permitted to be of combustible construction provided
(a)the occupant load is less than 1 500, and
(b)the building has a limiting distance not less than 6 m.
(4)Sprinklers shall be installed in all spaces below tiers of seats in a building classified as Group A, Division 4 if those spaces are used for occupancy. (See Note A-3.2.2.35.(4))
3.2.2.36. Group B, Division 1, Any Height, Any Area, SprinkleredCopy link
(1)Except as permitted by Article 3.2.2.37., a building classified as Group B, Division 1 shall conform to Sentence (2).
(2)Except as permitted by Article 3.2.2.16., the building referred to in Sentence (1) shall be of noncombustible construction, and
(a)except as permitted by Sentences 3.2.2.7.(1) and 3.2.2.18.(2), the building shall be sprinklered throughout,
(b)floor assemblies shall be fire separations with a fire-resistance rating not less than 2 h,
(c)mezzanines shall have a fire-resistance rating not less 1 h, and
(d)loadbearing walls, columns and arches shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than that required for the supported assembly.
3.2.2.37. Group B, Division 1, up to 3 Storeys, SprinkleredCopy link
(1)A building classified as Group B, Division 1 is permitted to conform to Sentence (2) provided
(a)except as permitted by Sentences 3.2.2.7.(1) and 3.2.2.18.(2), the building is sprinklered throughout,
(b)it is not more than 3 storeys in building height, and
(c)it has a building area
(i)that is not limited if the building is not more than 1 storey in building height,
(ii)not more than 12 000 m² if 2 storeys in building height, or
(iii)not more than 8 000 m² if 3 storeys in building height.
(2)Except as permitted by Article 3.2.2.16., the building referred to in Sentence (1) shall be of noncombustible construction, and
(a)floor assemblies shall be fire separations with a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h,
(b)mezzanines shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h, and
(c)loadbearing walls, columns and arches shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than that required for the supported assembly.
3.2.2.38. Group B, Division 2, Any Height, Any Area, SprinkleredCopy link
(1)Except as permitted by Articles 3.2.2.39. to 3.2.2.41., a building classified as Group B, Division 2 shall conform to Sentence (2).
(2)Except as permitted by Article 3.2.2.16., the building referred to in Sentence (1) shall be of noncombustible construction, and
(a)except as permitted by Sentences 3.2.2.7.(1) and 3.2.2.18.(2), the building shall be sprinklered throughout,
(b)floor assemblies shall be fire separations with a fire-resistance rating not less than 2 h,
(c)mezzanines shall have a fire-resistance rating not less 1 h, and
(d)loadbearing walls, columns and arches shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than that required for the supported assembly.
3.2.2.39. Group B, Division 2, up to 3 Storeys, SprinkleredCopy link
(1)A building classified as Group B, Division 2 is permitted to conform to Sentence (2) provided
(a)except as permitted by Sentences 3.2.2.7.(1) and 3.2.2.18.(2), the building is sprinklered throughout,
(b)it is not more than 3 storeys in building height, and
(c)it has a building area,
(i)that is not limited if the building is not more than 1 storey in building height,
(ii)not more than 12 000 m² if 2 storeys in building height, or
(iii)not more than 8 000 m² if 3 storeys in building height.
(2)Except as permitted by Article 3.2.2.16., the building referred to in Sentence (1) shall be of noncombustible construction, and
(a)floor assemblies shall be fire separations with a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h,
(b)mezzanines shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h, and
(c)loadbearing walls, columns and arches shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than that required for the supported assembly.
3.2.2.40. Group B, Division 2, up to 2 Storeys, SprinkleredCopy link
(1)A building classified as Group B, Division 2 is permitted to conform to Sentence (2) provided
(a)except as permitted by Sentences 3.2.2.7.(1) and 3.2.2.18.(2), the building is sprinklered throughout,
(b)it is not more than 2 storeys in building height, and
(c)it has a building area not more than
(i)2 400 m² if 1 storey in building height, or
(ii)1 600 m² if 2 storeys in building height.
(2)The building referred to in Sentence (1) is permitted to be of combustible construction or noncombustible construction used singly or in combination, and
(a)floor assemblies shall be fire separations with a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min,
(b)mezzanines shall have, if of combustible construction, a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min, and
(c)loadbearing walls, columns and arches shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than that required for the supported assembly.
3.2.2.41. Group B, Division 2, One Storey, SprinkleredCopy link
(1)A building classified as Group B, Division 2 is permitted to be of combustible construction or noncombustible construction used singly or in combination, provided
(a)except as permitted by Sentences 3.2.2.7.(1) and 3.2.2.18.(2), the building is sprinklered throughout,
(b)it is not more than 1 storey in building height, and
(c)it has a building area not more than 500 m².
3.2.2.42. Group B, Division 3, Any Height, Any Area, SprinkleredCopy link
(1)Except as permitted by Articles 3.2.2.43. to 3.2.2.46., a building classified as Group B, Division 3 shall conform to Sentence (2).
(2)Except as permitted by Article 3.2.2.16., the building referred to in Sentence (1) shall be of noncombustible construction, and
(a)except as permitted by Sentences 3.2.2.7.(1) and 3.2.2.18.(2), the building shall be sprinklered throughout,
(b)floor assemblies shall be fire separations with a fire-resistance rating not less than 2 h,
(c)mezzanines shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h, and
(d)loadbearing walls, columns and arches shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than that required for the supported assembly.
3.2.2.43. Group B, Division 3, Up to 3 Storeys, (Noncombustible), SprinkleredCopy link
(1)A building classified as Group B, Division 3 is permitted to conform to Sentence (2) provided
(a)except as permitted by Sentences 3.2.2.7.(1) and 3.2.2.18.(2), the building is sprinklered throughout,
(b)it is not more than 3 storeys in building height, and
(c)it has a building area
(i)that is not limited if the building is not more than 1 storey in building height,
(ii)not more than 12 000 m² if 2 storeys in building height, or
(iii)not more than 8 000 m² if 3 storeys in building height.
(2)Except as permitted by Article 3.2.2.16., the building referred to in Sentence (1) shall be of noncombustible construction, and
(a)floor assemblies shall be fire separations with a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h,
(b)mezzanines shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h, and
(c)loadbearing walls, columns and arches shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than that required for the supported assembly.
3.2.2.44. Group B, Division 3, Up to 3 Storeys, SprinkleredCopy link
(1)A building classified as Group B, Division 3 is permitted to conform to Sentence (2) provided
(a)except as permitted by Sentences 3.2.2.7.(1) and 3.2.2.18.(2), the building is sprinklered throughout,
(b)it is not more than 3 storeys in building height, and
(c)it has a building area not more than
(i)5 400 m² if 1 storey in building height,
(ii)2 700 m² if 2 storeys in building height, or
(iii)1 800 m² if 3 storeys in building height.
(2)The building referred to in Sentence (1) is permitted to be of combustible construction or noncombustible construction used singly or in combination, and
(a)floor assemblies shall be fire separations with a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h,
(b)mezzanines shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h, and
(c)loadbearing walls, columns and arches shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than that required for the supported assembly.
3.2.2.45. Group B, Division 3, Up to 2 Storeys, SprinkleredCopy link
(1)A building classified as Group B, Division 3 is permitted to conform to Sentence (2) provided
(a)except as permitted by Sentences 3.2.2.7.(1) and 3.2.2.18.(2), the building is sprinklered throughout,
(b)it is not more than 2 storeys in building height, and
(c)it has a building area not more than
(i)2 400 m² if 1 storey in building height, or
(ii)1 600 m² if 2 storeys in building height.
(2)The building referred to in Sentence (1) is permitted to be of combustible construction or noncombustible construction used singly or in combination, and
(a)floor assemblies shall be fire separations with a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min,
(b)mezzanines shall have, if of combustible construction, a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min, and
(c)loadbearing walls, columns and arches shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than that required for the supported assembly.
3.2.2.46. Group B, Division 3, One Storey, SprinkleredCopy link
(1)A building classified as Group B, Division 3 is permitted to be of combustible construction or noncombustible construction, used singly or in combination, provided
(a)except as permitted by Sentences 3.2.2.7.(1) and 3.2.2.18.(2), the building is sprinklered throughout,
(b)it is not more than 1 storey in building height, and
(c)it has a building area not more than 600 m².
3.2.2.47. Group C, Any Height, Any Area, SprinkleredCopy link
(1)Except as permitted by Articles 3.2.2.48. to 3.2.2.55., a building classified as Group C other than a retirement home shall conform to Sentence (2).
(2)Except as permitted by Article 3.2.2.16., the building referred to in Sentence (1) shall be of noncombustible construction, and
(a)except as permitted by Sentences 3.2.2.7.(1) and 3.2.2.18.(2), the building shall be sprinklered throughout ,
(b)except as permitted by Sentence (3), floor assemblies shall be fire separations with a fire-resistance rating not less than 2 h,
(c)mezzanines shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h, and
(d)loadbearing walls, columns and arches shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than that required for the supported assembly.
(3)In a building that contains dwelling units that have more than one storey, subject to the requirements of Sentence 3.3.4.2.(3), the floor assemblies, including floors over basements, which are entirely contained within these dwelling units, shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h but need not be constructed as fire separations.
3.2.2.48. Group C, up to 12 Storeys, SprinkleredCopy link
(1)A building classified as Group C, other than a retirement home, is permitted to conform to Sentence (2), provided
(a)it is sprinklered throughout,
(b)it is not more than 12 storeys in building height,
(c)it has a height of not more than 42 m measured between the floor of the first storey and the uppermost floor level that does not serve as a rooftop enclosure for elevator machinery, a stairway or a service room used only for service to the building, and
(d)it has a building area not more than 6 000 m².
(2)Except as provided in Article 3.2.2.16., the building referred to in Sentence (1) is permitted to be of encapsulated mass timber construction or noncombustible construction used singly or in combination, and,
(a)except as provided in Sentence (3), floor assemblies shall be fire separations with a fire-resistance rating not less than 2 h,
(b)mezzanines shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h, and
(c)loadbearing walls, columns and arches shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than that required for the supported assembly.
(3)In a building that contains dwelling units that have more than one storey, subject to the requirements of Sentence 3.3.4.2.(3), the floor assemblies, including floors over basements, that are entirely contained within these dwelling units shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h but need not be constructed as fire separations.
(4)Group A, Division 2 major occupancies, Group E major occupancies and storage garages located in a building or part of a building within the scope of this Article are permitted to be constructed in accordance with this Article, provided
(a)the Group A, Division 2 major occupancy is located below the fourth storey,
(b)the Group E major occupancy is located below the third storey, and
(c)the storage garage is located below the fifth storey. (See also Article 4.4.2.1.) (See Note A-3.2.2.48.(4) and 3.2.2.57.(3))
3.2.2.49. Group C, up to 6 Storeys, Sprinklered, Noncombustible ConstructionCopy link
(1)A building classified as Group C, other than a retirement home, is permitted to conform to Sentence (2) provided
(a)except as permitted by Sentences 3.2.2.7.(1) and 3.2.2.18.(2), the building is sprinklered throughout,
(b)it is not more than 6 storeys in building height, and
(c)it has a building area
(i)that is not limited if the building is not more than 2 storeys in building height,
(ii)not more than 12 000 m² if 3 storeys in building height,
(iii)not more than 9 000 m² if 4 storeys in building height,
(iv)not more than 7 200 m² if 5 storeys in building height, or
(v)not more than 6 000 m² if 6 storeys in building height.
(2)Except as permitted by Article 3.2.2.16., the building referred to in Sentence (1) shall be of noncombustible construction, and
(a)except as permitted by Sentence (3), floor assemblies shall be fire separations with a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h,
(b)mezzanines shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h, and
(c)loadbearing walls, columns and arches shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than that required for the supported assembly.
(3)In a building that contains dwelling units that have more than one storey, subject to the requirements of Sentence 3.3.4.2.(3), the floor assemblies, including floors over basements, which are entirely contained within these dwelling units, shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h but need not be constructed as fire separations.
3.2.2.50. Group C, up to 4 Storeys, Noncombustible ConstructionCopy link
(1)A building classified as Group C, other than a retirement home, is permitted to conform to Sentence (2) provided
(a)it is not more than
(i)3 storeys in building height, or
(ii)4 storeys in building height provided there is not more than one dwelling unit above another dwelling unit, and vertical fire separations of adjacent dwelling units conform to Sentence (4), and
(b)it has a building area not more than the value in Table 3.2.2.50. Table 3.2.2.50. Maximum Building Area, Group C, up to 4 Storeys Forming Part of Sentence 3.2.2.50.(1)
(2)The building referred to in Sentence (1) shall be of noncombustible construction, and
(a)except as permitted by Sentence (3), floor assemblies shall be fire separations with a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h,
(b)mezzanines shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h,
(c)roof assemblies shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h, and
(d)loadbearing walls, columns and arches shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than that required for the supported assembly.
(3)In a building that contains dwelling units that have more than one storey, subject to the requirements of Sentence 3.3.4.2.(3), the floor assemblies, including floors over basements, which are entirely contained within these dwelling units, shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h but need not be constructed as fire separations.
(4)The dwelling units described in Subclause (1)(a)(ii) shall be separated by continuous vertical fire separations that extend through all storeys and service spaces of the separated portions.
3.2.2.51. Group C, up to 6 Storeys, Sprinklered, Combustible ConstructionCopy link
(1)A building classified as Group C, other than a retirement home, is permitted to conform to Sentence (2) provided
(a)it is sprinklered throughout,
(b)it is not more than 6 storeys in building height,
(c)it has a height of not more than 18 m, measured between the floor of the first storey and the uppermost floor level that does not serve a rooftop enclosure for elevator machinery, a stairway or a service room used only for service to the building, and
(d)it has a building area of not more than
(i)9 000 m² if 1 storey in building height,
(ii)4 500 m² if 2 storeys in building height,
(iii)3 000 m² if 3 storeys in building height,
(iv)2 250 m² if 4 storeys in building height, (v) 1 800 m² if 5 storeys in building height, or (vi) 1 500 m² if 6 storeys in building height. (2) Buildings referred to in Sentence (1) are permitted to be of combustible construction or noncombustible construction used singly or in combination, and (a) except as permitted by Sentence (3), floor assemblies shall be fire separations with a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h, (b) roof assemblies shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h, (c) except as provided by Sentence (4), where the roof assembly has a height greater than 25 m measured from the floor of the first storey to the highest point of the roof assembly, the roof assembly shall be constructed of noncombustible construction, or fire-retardant-treated wood conforming to Article 3.1.4.5., (d) mezzanines shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h, and (e) loadbearing walls, columns and arches shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than that required for the supported assembly. (3) In a building that contains dwelling units that have more than one storey, subject to the requirements of Sentence 3.3.4.2.(3), the floor assemblies, including those over basements, which are entirely contained within these dwelling units, shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h but need not be constructed as fire separations. (4) Where buildings conforming to Sentence (2) include non-contiguous roof assemblies at different elevations, the roof assemblies are permitted to be evaluated separately to determine which ones are required to be constructed in accordance with Clause (2)(c). (5) Group A, Division 2 major occupancies, Group E major occupancies and storage garages located in a building or part thereof within the scope of this Article are permitted to be constructed in accordance with this Article, provided (a) the Group A, Division 2 major occupancy and Group E major occupancy are located below the third storey, and (b) the storage garage is located below the fourth storey. (See also Article 4.4.2.1.) (See Note A-3.2.2.51.(5) and 3.2.2.60.(4))
3.2.2.52. Group C, up to 4 Storeys, SprinkleredCopy link
(1)A building classified as Group C, other than a retirement home, is permitted to conform to Sentence (2) provided
(a)except as permitted by Sentences 3.2.2.7.(1) and 3.2.2.18.(2), the building is sprinklered throughout,
(b)it is not more than 4 storeys in building height, and
(c)it has a building area not more than
(i)7 200 m² if 1 storey in building height,
(ii)3 600 m² if 2 storeys in building height,
(iii)2 400 m² if 3 storeys in building height, or
(iv)1 800 m² if 4 storeys in building height.
(2)The building referred to in Sentence (1) is permitted to be of combustible construction or noncombustible construction used singly or in combination, and
(a)except as permitted by Sentences (3) and (4), floor assemblies shall be fire separations with a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h,
(b)mezzanines shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h, and
(c)loadbearing walls, columns and arches shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than that required for the supported assembly.
(3)In a building that contains dwelling units that have more than one storey, subject to the requirements of Sentence 3.3.4.2.(3), the floor assemblies, including floors over basements, that are entirely contained within these dwelling units, shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h but need not be constructed as fire separations.
(4)In a building in which there is no dwelling unit above another dwelling unit, the fire-resistance rating for floor assemblies entirely within the dwelling unit is waived.
3.2.2.53. Group C, up to 3 Storeys, Increased AreaCopy link
(1)A building classified as Group C, other than a retirement home, is permitted to conform to Sentence (2) provided
(a)it is not more than 3 storeys in building height, and
(b)it has a building area not more than the value in Table 3.2.2.53. Table 3.2.2.53. Maximum Building Area, Group C up to 3 Storeys, Increased Area Forming Part of Sentence 3.2.2.53.(1)
(2)The building referred to in Sentence (1) is permitted to be of combustible construction or noncombustible construction used singly or in combination, and
(a)except as permitted by Sentences (3) and (4), floor assemblies shall be fire separations with a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h,
(b)mezzanines shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h,
(c)roof assemblies shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h, and
(d)loadbearing walls, columns and arches shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than that required for the supported assembly.
(3)In a building that contains dwelling units that have more than one storey, subject to the requirements of Sentence 3.3.4.2.(3), the floor assemblies, including floors over basements, that are entirely contained within these dwelling units, shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h but need not be constructed as fire separations.
(4)In a building in which there is no dwelling unit above another dwelling unit, the fire-resistance rating for floor assemblies entirely within the dwelling unit is waived.
3.2.2.54. Group C, up to 3 StoreysCopy link
(1)A building classified as Group C, other than a retirement home, is permitted to conform to Sentence (2) provided
(a)it is not more than 3 storeys in building height, and
(b)it has a building area not more than the value in Table 3.2.2.54. Table 3.2.2.54. Maximum Building Area, Group C, up to 3 Storeys Forming Part of Sentence 3.2.2.54.(1)
(2)The building referred to in Sentence (1) is permitted to be of combustible construction or noncombustible construction used singly or in combination, and
(a)except as permitted by Sentences (3) and (4), floor assemblies shall be fire separations with a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min,
(b)mezzanines shall have, if of combustible construction, a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min, and
(c)loadbearing walls, columns and arches shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than that required for the supported assembly.
(3)In a building that contains dwelling units that have more than one storey, subject to the requirements of Sentence 3.3.4.2.(3), the floor assemblies, including floors over basements, that are entirely contained within these dwelling units, shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min but need not be constructed as fire separations.
(4)In a building in which there is no dwelling unit above another dwelling unit, the fire-resistance rating for floor assemblies entirely within the dwelling unit is waived.
3.2.2.55. Group C, up to 3 Storeys, SprinkleredCopy link
(1)A building classified as Group C, other than a retirement home, is permitted to conform to Sentence (2) provided
(a)except as permitted by Sentences 3.2.2.7.(1) and 3.2.2.18.(2), the building is sprinklered throughout,
(b)it is not more than 3 storeys in building height, and
(c)it has a building area not more than
(i)5 400 m² if 1 storey in building height,
(ii)2 700 m² if 2 storeys in building height, or
(iii)1 800 m² if 3 storeys in building height.
(2)The building referred to in Sentence (1) is permitted to be of combustible construction or noncombustible construction used singly or in combination, and
(a)except as permitted by Sentences (3) and (4), floor assemblies shall be fire separations with a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min,
(b)mezzanines shall have, if of combustible construction a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min, and
(c)loadbearing walls, columns and arches shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than that required for the supported assembly.
(3)In a building that contains dwelling units that have more than one storey, subject to the requirements of Sentence 3.3.4.2.(3), the floor assemblies, including floors over basements, that are entirely contained within these dwelling units, shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min but need not be constructed as fire separations.
(4)In a building in which there is no dwelling unit above another dwelling unit, the fire-resistance rating for floor assemblies entirely within the dwelling unit is waived.
3.2.2.55A. Group C, Retirement Home, Any Height, Any Area, SprinkleredCopy link
(1)Except as permitted by Articles 3.2.2.55B. to 3.2.2.55E., a retirement home shall conform to Sentence (2).
(2)Except as permitted by Article 3.2.2.16., the building referred to in Sentence (1) shall be of noncombustible construction, and
(a)except as permitted by Sentences 3.2.2.7.(1) and 3.2.2.18.(2), the building shall be sprinklered throughout,
(b)floor assemblies shall be fire separations with a fire-resistance rating not less than 2 h,
(c)mezzanines shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h, and
(d)loadbearing walls, columns and arches shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than that required for the supported assembly.
3.2.2.55B. Group C, Retirement Home, up to 4 Storeys, Sprinklered, Increased AreaCopy link
(1)A retirement home is permitted to conform to Sentence (2) provided
(a)except as permitted by Sentences 3.2.2.7.(1) and 3.2.2.18.(2), the building is sprinklered throughout,
(b)it is not more than 4 storeys in building height, and
(c)it has a building area not more than
(i)12 000 m² if 1 storey in building height,
(ii)6 000 m² if 2 storeys in building height,
(iii)4 000 m² if 3 storeys in building height, or
(iv)3 000 m² if 4 storeys in building height.
(2)The building referred to in Sentence (1) is permitted to be of combustible construction or noncombustible construction used singly or in combination, and,
(a)floor assemblies shall be fire separations with a fire-resistance rating not less than 2 h,
(b)mezzanines shall have, if of combustible construction, a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h, and
(c)loadbearing walls, columns and arches shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than that required for the supported assembly.
3.2.2.55C. Group C, Retirement Home, up to 4 Storeys, SprinkleredCopy link
(1)A retirement home is permitted to conform to Sentence (2) provided
(a)except as permitted by Sentences 3.2.2.7.(1) and 3.2.2.18.(2), the building is sprinklered throughout,
(b)it is not more than 4 storeys in building height, and
(c)it has a building area not more than
(i)6 600 m² if 1 storey in building height,
(ii)3 300 m² if 2 storeys in building height,
(iii)2 200 m² if 3 storeys in building height, or
(iv)1 650 m² if 4 storeys in building height.
(2)The building referred to in Sentence (1) is permitted to be of combustible construction or noncombustible construction used singly or in combination, and
(a)floor assemblies shall be fire separations with a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h,
(b)mezzanines shall have, if of combustible construction, a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h, and
(c)loadbearing walls, columns and arches shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than that required for the supported assembly.
3.2.2.55D. Group C, Retirement Home, up to 3 Storeys, Sprinklered, Noncombustible ConstructionCopy link
(1)A retirement home is permitted to conform to Sentence (2) provided
(a)except as permitted by Sentences 3.2.2.7.(1) and 3.2.2.18.(2), the building is sprinklered throughout,
(b)it is not more than 3 storeys in building height, and
(c)it has a building area that is
(i)not limited if the building is not more than 1 storey in building height,
(ii)not more than 12 000 m² if 2 storeys in building height, or
(iii)not more than 8 000 m² if 3 storeys in building height.
(2)Except as permitted by Article 3.2.2.16., the building referred to in Sentence (1) is required to be of noncombustible construction, and,
(a)floor assemblies shall be fire separations with a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h,
(b)mezzanines shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h, and
(c)loadbearing walls, columns and arches shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than that required for the supported assembly.
3.2.2.55E. Group C, Retirement Home, up to 3 Storeys, Sprinklered, Combustible ConstructionCopy link
(1)A retirement home is permitted to conform to Sentence (2) provided
(a)except as permitted by Sentences 3.2.2.7.(1) and 3.2.2.18.(2), the building is sprinklered throughout,
(b)it is not more than 3 storeys in building height, and
(c)it has a building area not more than
(i)4 800 m² if 1 storey in building height,
(ii)2 400 m² if 2 storeys in building height, or
(iii)1 600 m² if 3 storeys in building height.
(2)The building referred to in Sentence (1) is permitted to be of combustible construction or noncombustible construction used singly or in combination, and
(a)floor assemblies shall be fire separations with a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min,
(b)mezzanines shall have, if of combustible construction, a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min, and
(c)loadbearing walls, columns and arches shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than that required for the supported assembly.
3.2.2.56. Group D, Any Height, Any Area, SprinkleredCopy link
(1)Except as permitted by Articles 3.2.2.57. to 3.2.2.65., a building classified as Group D shall conform to Sentence (2).
(2)Except as permitted by Article 3.2.2.16., the building referred to in Sentence (1) shall be of noncombustible construction, and
(a)except as permitted by Sentences 3.2.2.7.(1) and 3.2.2.18.(2), the building shall be sprinklered throughout,
(b)floor assemblies shall be fire separations with a fire-resistance rating not less than 2 h,
(c)mezzanines shall have a fire-resistance rating not less 1 h, and
(d)loadbearing walls, columns and arches shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than that required for the supported assembly.
3.2.2.57. Group D, up to 12 Storeys, SprinkleredCopy link
(1)A building classified as Group D is permitted to conform to Sentence (2), provided
(a)it is sprinklered throughout,
(b)it is not more than 12 storeys in building height,
(c)it has a height of not more than 42 m measured between the floor of the first storey and the uppermost floor level that does not serve as a rooftop enclosure for elevator machinery, a stairway or a service room used only for service to the building, and
(d)it has a building area not more than 7 200 m².
(2)Except as provided in Article 3.2.2.16., the building referred to in Sentence (1) is permitted to be of encapsulated mass timber construction or noncombustible construction used singly or in combination, and
(a)floor assemblies shall be fire separations with a fire-resistance rating not less than 2 h,
(b)mezzanines shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h, and
(c)loadbearing walls, columns and arches shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than that required for the supported assembly.
(3)Group A, Division 2 major occupancies, Group E major occupancies, Group F, Division 2 and 3 major occupancies and storage garages located in a building or part of a building within the scope of this Article are permitted to be constructed in accordance with this Article, provided
(a)the Group A, Division 2 major occupancy is located below the fourth storey,
(b)the Group E major occupancy and Group F, Division 2 or 3 major occupancy are located below the third storey, and
(c)the storage garage is located below the fifth storey. (See also Article 4.4.2.1.) (See Note A-3.2.2.48.(4) and 3.2.2.57.(3))
3.2.2.58. Group D, up to 6 StoreysCopy link
(1)A building classified as Group D is permitted to conform to Sentence (2) provided
(a)it is not more than 6 storeys in building height, and
(b)it has a building area not more than the value in Table 3.2.2.58. Table 3.2.2.58. Maximum Building Area, Group D, up to 6 Storeys Forming Part of Sentence 3.2.2.58.(1)
(2)The building referred to in Sentence (1) shall be of noncombustible construction, and
(a)floor assemblies shall be fire separations with a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h,
(b)mezzanines shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h,
(c)roof assemblies shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h, except that in a building not more than 1 storey in building height this requirement is waived, and
(d)loadbearing walls, columns and arches shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than that required for the supported assembly.
3.2.2.59. Group D, up to 6 Storeys, Sprinklered, Noncombustible ConstructionCopy link
(1)A building classified as Group D is permitted to conform to Sentence (2) provided
(a)except as permitted by Sentences 3.2.2.7.(1) and 3.2.2.18.(2), the building is sprinklered throughout,
(b)it is not more than 6 storeys in building height, and
(c)it has a building area
(i)that is not limited if the building is not more than 2 storeys in building height,
(ii)not more than 14 400 m² if 3 storeys in building height,
(iii)not more than 10 800 m² if 4 storeys in building height,
(iv)not more than 8 640 m² if 5 storeys in building height, or
(v)not more than 7 200 m² if 6 storeys in building height.
(2)Except as permitted by Article 3.2.2.16., the building referred to in Sentence (1) shall be of noncombustible construction, and
(a)floor assemblies shall be fire separations with a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h,
(b)mezzanines shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h, and
(c)loadbearing walls, columns and arches shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than that required for the supported assembly.
3.2.2.60. Group D, up to 6 Storeys, SprinkleredCopy link
(1)A building classified as Group D is permitted to conform to Sentence (2) provided
(a)the Group A, Division 2 major occupancy, Group E major occupancy and Group F, Division 2 or 3 major occupancy are located below the third storey, and
(b)storage garages are located below the fourth storey. (See also Article 4.4.2.1.) (See Note A-3.2.2.51.(5) and 3.2.2.60.(4))
(c)except as provided by Sentence (3), where the roof assembly has a height greater than 25 m measured from the floor of the first storey to the highest point of the roof assembly, the roof assembly shall be constructed of noncombustible construction or fire-retardant-treated wood conforming to Article 3.1.4.5.,
(d)mezzanines shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h, and
(i)18 000 m² if 1 storey in building height,
(ii)9 000 m² if 2 storeys in building height,
(iii)6 000 m² if 3 storeys in building height,
(iv)4 500 m² if 4 storeys in building height,
(v)3 600 m² if 5 storeys in building height, or
(vi)3 000 m² if 6 storeys in building height. (2) The building referred to in Sentence (1) is permitted to be of combustible construction or noncombustible construction used singly or in combination, and
(e)loadbearing walls, columns and arches shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than that required for the supported assembly. (3) Where buildings conforming to Sentence (2) include non-contiguous roof assemblies at different elevations, the roof assemblies are permitted to be evaluated separately to determine which ones are required to be constructed in accordance with Clause (2)(c). (4) Group A, Division 2 major occupancies, Group E major occupancies, Group F, Division 2 and 3 major occupancies and storage garages located in a building or part thereof within the scope of this Article are permitted to be constructed in accordance with this Article, provided
3.2.2.61. Group D, up to 4 Storeys, SprinkleredCopy link
(1)A building classified as Group D is permitted to conform to Sentence (2) provided
(a)except as permitted by Sentences 3.2.2.7.(1) and 3.2.2.18.(2), the building is sprinklered throughout,
(b)it is not more than 4 storeys in building height, and
(c)it has a building area not more than 3 600 m².
(2)The building referred to in Sentence (1) is permitted to be of combustible construction or noncombustible construction used singly or in combination, and
(a)floor assemblies shall be fire separations with a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h,
(b)mezzanines shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h, and
(c)loadbearing walls, columns and arches shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than that required for the supported assembly.
3.2.2.62. Group D, up to 3 StoreysCopy link
(1)A building classified as Group D is permitted to conform to Sentence (2) provided
(a)it is not more than 3 storeys in building height, and
(b)it has a building area not more than the value in Table 3.2.2.62.
(2)The building referred to in Sentence (1) is permitted to be of combustible construction or noncombustible construction used singly or in combination, and
(a)floor assemblies shall be fire separations and, if of combustible construction, shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min,
(b)mezzanines shall have, if of combustible construction, a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min,
(c)roof assemblies shall have, if of combustible construction, a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min, except that in a building not more than 1 storey in building height, the fire-resistance rating is permitted to be waived provided the roof assembly is constructed as a fire-retardant-treated wood roof system conforming to Article 3.1.14.1., and the building area is not more than
(i)2 400 m² if facing one street,
(ii)3 000 m² if facing 2 streets, or
(iii)3 600 m² if facing 3 streets, and
(d)loadbearing walls, columns and arches supporting an assembly required to have a fire-resistance rating shall
(i)have a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min, or
(ii)be of noncombustible construction.
3.2.2.63. Group D, up to 3 Storeys, SprinkleredCopy link
(1)A building classified as Group D is permitted to conform to Sentence (2) provided
(a)except as permitted by Sentences 3.2.2.7.(1) and 3.2.2.18.(2), the building is sprinklered throughout,
(b)it is not more than 3 storeys in building height, and
(c)it has a building area not more than
(i)14 400 m² if 1 storey in building height,
(ii)7 200 m² if 2 storeys in building height, or
(iii)4 800 m² if 3 storeys in building height.
(2)The building referred to in Sentence (1) is permitted to be of combustible construction or noncombustible construction used singly or in combination, and
(a)floor assemblies shall be fire separations and, if of combustible construction, shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min,
(b)mezzanines shall have, if of combustible construction, a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min, and
(c)loadbearing walls, columns and arches supporting an assembly required to have a fire-resistance rating shall
(i)have a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min, or
(ii)be of noncombustible construction.
3.2.2.64. Group D, up to 2 StoreysCopy link
(1)A building classified as Group D is permitted to conform to Sentence (2) provided
(a)it is not more than 2 storeys in building height, and
(b)it has a building area not more than the value in Table 3.2.2.64.
(2)The building referred to in Sentence (1) is permitted to be of combustible construction or noncombustible construction used singly or in combination, and
(a)floor assemblies shall be fire separations and, if of combustible construction, shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min, and
(b)loadbearing walls, columns and arches supporting an assembly required to have a fire-resistance rating shall
(i)have a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min, or
(ii)be of noncombustible construction.
3.2.2.65. Group D, up to 2 Storeys, SprinkleredCopy link
(1)A building classified as Group D is permitted to conform to Sentence (2) provided
(a)except as permitted by Sentences 3.2.2.7.(1) and 3.2.2.18.(2), the building is sprinklered throughout,
(b)it is not more than 2 storeys in building height, and
(c)it has a building area not more than
(i)3 000 m² if 1 storey in building height, or
(ii)2 400 m² if 2 storeys in building height.
(2)The building referred to in Sentence (1) is permitted to be of combustible construction or noncombustible construction used singly or in combination, and
(a)floor assemblies shall be fire separations and, if of combustible construction, shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min, and
(b)loadbearing walls, columns and arches supporting an assembly required to have a fire-resistance rating shall
(i)have a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min, or
(ii)be of noncombustible construction.
3.2.2.66. Group E, Any Height, Any Area, SprinkleredCopy link
(1)Except as permitted by Articles 3.2.2.67. to 3.2.2.71., a building classified as Group E shall conform to Sentence (2).
(2)Except as permitted by Article 3.2.2.16., the building referred to in Sentence (1) shall be of noncombustible construction, and
(a)except as permitted by Sentences 3.2.2.7.(1) and 3.2.2.18.(2), the building shall be sprinklered throughout,
(b)floor assemblies shall be fire separations with a fire-resistance rating not less than 2 h,
(c)mezzanines shall have a fire-resistance rating not less 1 h, and
(d)loadbearing walls, columns and arches shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than that required for the supported assembly.
3.2.2.67. Group E, up to 4 Storeys, SprinkleredCopy link
(1)A building classified as Group E is permitted to conform to Sentence (2) provided
(a)except as permitted by Sentences 3.2.2.7.(1) and 3.2.2.18.(2), the building is sprinklered throughout,
(b)it is not more than 4 storeys in building height, and
(c)it has a building area not more than 1 800 m².
(2)The building referred to in Sentence (1) is permitted to be of combustible construction or noncombustible construction used singly or in combination, and
(a)floor assemblies shall be fire separations with a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h,
(b)mezzanines shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h, and
(c)loadbearing walls, columns and arches shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than that required for the supported assembly.
3.2.2.68. Group E, up to 3 StoreysCopy link
(1)A building classified as Group E is permitted to conform to Sentence (2) provided
(a)it is not more than 3 storeys in building height, and
(b)it has a building area not more than the value in Table 3.2.2.68. Table 3.2.2.68. Maximum Building Area, Group E, up to 3 Storeys Forming Part of Sentence 3.2.2.68.(1)
(2)The building referred to in Sentence (1) is permitted to be of combustible construction or noncombustible construction used singly or in combination, and
(a)floor assemblies shall be fire separations with a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min,
(b)mezzanines shall have, if of combustible construction, a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min,
(c)roof assemblies shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min, except that in a building not more than 1 storey in building height, the fire-resistance rating is permitted to be waived provided the roof assembly is of noncombustible construction or is constructed as a fire-retardant-treated wood roof system conforming to Article 3.1.14.1.,
(d)loadbearing walls, columns and arches supporting an assembly required to have a fire-resistance rating shall
(i)have a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min, or
(ii)be of noncombustible construction, and
(e)loadbearing walls, columns and arches supporting a fire separation shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than that required for the fire separation.
3.2.2.69. Group E, up to 3 Storeys, SprinkleredCopy link
(1)A building classified as Group E is permitted to conform to Sentence (2) provided
(a)except as permitted by Sentences 3.2.2.7.(1) and 3.2.2.18.(2), the building is sprinklered throughout,
(b)it is not more than 3 storeys in building height, and
(c)it has a building area not more than
(i)7 200 m² if 1 storey in building height,
(ii)3 600 m² if 2 storeys in building height, or
(iii)2 400 m² if 3 storeys in building height.
(2)The building referred to in Sentence (1) is permitted to be of combustible construction or noncombustible construction used singly or in combination, and
(a)floor assemblies shall be fire separations with a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min,
(b)mezzanines shall have, if of combustible construction, a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min,
(c)loadbearing walls, columns and arches supporting an assembly required to have a fire-resistance rating shall
(i)have a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min, or
(ii)be of noncombustible construction, and
(d)loadbearing walls, columns and arches supporting a fire separation shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than that required for the fire separation.
3.2.2.70. Group E, up to 2 StoreysCopy link
(1)A building classified as Group E is permitted to conform to Sentence (2) provided
(a)it is not more than 2 storeys in building height, and
(b)it has a building area not more than the value in Table 3.2.2.70. Table 3.2.2.70. Maximum Building Area, Group E, up to 2 Storeys Forming Part of Sentence 3.2.2.70.(1)
(2)The building referred to in Sentence (1) is permitted to be of combustible construction or noncombustible construction used singly or in combination, and
(a)floor assemblies shall be fire separations with a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min, and
(b)loadbearing walls, columns and arches shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than that required for the supported assembly.
3.2.2.71. Group E, up to 2 Storeys, SprinkleredCopy link
(1)A building classified as Group E is permitted to conform to Sentence (2) provided
(a)except as permitted by Sentences 3.2.2.7.(1) and 3.2.2.18.(2), the building is sprinklered throughout,
(b)it is not more than 2 storeys in building height, and
(c)it has a building area not more than
(i)3 000 m² if 1 storey in building height, or
(ii)1 800 m² if 2 storeys in building height.
(2)The building referred to in Sentence (1) is permitted to be of combustible construction or noncombustible construction used singly or in combination, and
(a)floor assemblies shall be fire separations with a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min, and
(b)loadbearing walls, columns and arches shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than that required for the supported assembly.
3.2.2.72. Group F, Division 1, up to 4 Storeys, SprinkleredCopy link
(1)Except as permitted by Articles 3.2.2.73. to 3.2.2.75., a building classified as Group F, Division 1 shall conform to Sentence (2) provided
(a)it is not more than 4 storeys in building height, and
(b)it has a building area not more than
(i)9 000 m² if 1 storey in building height,
(ii)4 500 m² if 2 storeys in building height,
(iii)3 000 m² if 3 storeys in building height, or
(iv)2 250 m² if 4 storeys in building height.
(2)Except as permitted by Article 3.2.2.16., the building referred to in Sentence (1) shall be of noncombustible construction, and
(a)except as permitted by Sentences 3.2.2.7.(1) and 3.2.2.18.(2), the building shall be sprinklered throughout,
(b)floor assemblies shall be fire separations with a fire-resistance rating not less than 2 h,
(c)mezzanines shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h, and
(d)loadbearing walls, columns and arches shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than that required for the supported assembly.
3.2.2.73. Group F, Division 1, up to 3 Storeys, SprinkleredCopy link
(1)A building classified as Group F, Division 1 is permitted to conform to Sentence (2) provided
(a)except as permitted by Sentences 3.2.2.7.(1) and 3.2.2.18.(2), the building is sprinklered throughout,
(b)it is not more than 3 storeys in building height, and
(c)it has a building area not more than
(i)3 600 m² if 1 storey in building height,
(ii)1 800 m² if 2 storeys in building height, or
(iii)1 200 m² if 3 storeys in building height.
(2)The building referred to in Sentence (1) is permitted to be of heavy timber construction or noncombustible construction used singly or in combination, and
(a)floor assemblies shall be fire separations with a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min,
(b)loadbearing walls, columns and arches shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than that required for the supported assembly.
3.2.2.74. Group F, Division 1, up to 2 Storeys, SprinkleredCopy link
(1)A building classified as Group F, Division 1 is permitted to conform to Sentence (2) provided
(a)except as permitted by Sentences 3.2.2.7.(1) and 3.2.2.18.(2), the building is sprinklered throughout,
(b)it is not more than 2 storeys in building height, and
(c)it has a building area not more than
(i)2 400 m² if 1 storey in building height, or
(ii)1 200 m² if 2 storeys in building height.
(2)The building referred to in Sentence (1) is permitted to be of combustible construction or noncombustible construction used singly or in combination, and
(a)floor assemblies shall be fire separations and, if of combustible construction, shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min,
(b)loadbearing walls, columns and arches supporting an assembly required to have a fire-resistance rating shall
(i)have a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min, or
(ii)be of noncombustible construction.
3.2.2.75. Group F, Division 1, One StoreyCopy link
(1)A building classified as Group F, Division 1 is permitted to be of combustible construction or noncombustible construction used singly or in combination provided
(a)it is not more than 1 storey in building height, and
(b)it has a building area not more than 800 m².
3.2.2.76. Group F, Division 2, Any Height, Any Area, SprinkleredCopy link
(1)Except as permitted by Articles 3.2.2.77. to 3.2.2.81., a building classified as Group F, Division 2 shall conform to Sentence (2).
(2)Except as permitted by Article 3.2.2.16., the building referred to in Sentence (1) shall be of noncombustible construction, and
(a)except as permitted by Sentences 3.2.2.7.(1) and 3.2.2.18.(2), the building shall be sprinklered throughout,
(b)floor assemblies shall be fire separations with a fire-resistance rating not less than 2 h,
(c)mezzanines shall have a fire-resistance rating not less 1 h, and
(d)loadbearing walls, columns and arches shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than that required for the supported assembly.
3.2.2.77. Group F, Division 2, up to 4 Storeys, Increased Area, SprinkleredCopy link
(1)A building classified as Group F, Division 2 is permitted to conform to Sentence (2) provided
(a)except as permitted by Sentences 3.2.2.7.(1) and 3.2.2.18.(2), the building is sprinklered throughout,
(b)it is not more than 4 storeys in building height, and
(c)it has a building area not more than
(i)18 000 m² if 1 storey in building height,
(ii)9 000 m² if 2 storeys in building height,
(iii)6 000 m² if 3 storeys in building height, or
(iv)4 500 m² if 4 storeys in building height.
(2)Except as permitted by Article 3.2.2.16., the building referred to in Sentence (1) shall be of noncombustible construction, and
(a)floor assemblies shall be fire separations with a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h,
(b)mezzanines shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h, and
(c)loadbearing walls, columns and arches shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than that required for the supported assembly.
3.2.2.78. Group F, Division 2, up to 3 StoreysCopy link
(1)A building classified as Group F, Division 2 is permitted to conform to Sentence (2) provided
(a)it is not more than 3 storeys in building height, and
(b)it has a building area not more than the value in Table 3.2.2.78. Table 3.2.2.78. Maximum Building Area, Group F, Division 2, up to 3 Storeys Forming Part of Sentence 3.2.2.78.(1)
(2)The building referred to in Sentence (1) is permitted to be of combustible construction or noncombustible construction used singly or in combination, and
(a)floor assemblies shall be fire separations with a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min,
(b)mezzanines shall have, if of combustible construction, a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min,
(c)roof assemblies shall have, if of combustible construction, a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min, except that in a building not more than 1 storey in building height, the fire-resistance rating is permitted to be waived provided the roof assembly is constructed as a fire-retardant-treated wood roof system conforming to Article 3.1.14.1.,
(d)loadbearing walls, columns and arches supporting an assembly required to have a fire-resistance rating shall
(i)have a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min, or
(ii)be of noncombustible construction, and
(e)loadbearing walls, columns and arches supporting a fire separation shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than that required for the supported assembly.
3.2.2.79. Group F, Division 2, up to 4 Storeys, SprinkleredCopy link
(1)A building classified as Group F, Division 2 is permitted to conform to Sentence (2) provided
(a)except as permitted by Sentences 3.2.2.7.(1) and 3.2.2.18.(2), the building is sprinklered throughout,
(b)it is not more than 4 storeys in building height, and
(c)it has a building area not more than
(i)9 600 m² if 1 storey in building height,
(ii)4 800 m² if 2 storeys in building height,
(iii)3 200 m² if 3 storeys in building height, or
(iv)2 400 m² if 4 storeys in building height.
(2)The building referred to in Sentence (1) is permitted to be of combustible construction or noncombustible construction used singly or in combination, and
(a)floor assemblies shall be fire separations with a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min,
(b)mezzanines shall have, if of combustible construction, a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min,
(c)loadbearing walls, columns and arches supporting an assembly required to have a fire-resistance rating shall
(i)have a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min, or
(ii)be of noncombustible construction, and
(d)loadbearing walls, columns and arches supporting a fire separation shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than that required for the supported assembly.
3.2.2.80. Group F, Division 2, up to 2 StoreysCopy link
(1)A building classified as Group F, Division 2 is permitted to conform to Sentence (2) provided
(a)it is not more than 2 storeys in building height, and
(b)it has a building area not more than the value in Table 3.2.2.80. Table 3.2.2.80. Maximum Building Area, Group F, Division 2, up to 2 Storeys Forming Part of Sentence 3.2.2.80.(1)
(2)The building referred to in Sentence (1) is permitted to be of combustible construction or noncombustible construction used singly or in combination, and
(a)floor assemblies shall be fire separations and, if of combustible construction, shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min, and
(b)loadbearing walls, columns and arches supporting an assembly required to have a fire-resistance rating shall
(i)have a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min, or
(ii)be of noncombustible construction.
3.2.2.81. Group F, Division 2, up to 2 Storeys, SprinkleredCopy link
(1)A building classified as Group F, Division 2 is permitted to conform to Sentence (2) provided
(a)floor assemblies shall be fire separations and, if of combustible construction, shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min, and
(b)loadbearing walls, columns and arches supporting an assembly required to have a fire-resistance rating shall
(i)have a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min, or
(ii)be of noncombustible construction.
(c)it has a building area not more than
(i)4 500 m² if 1 storey in building height, or
(ii)1 800 m² if 2 storeys in building height. (2) The building referred to in Sentence (1) is permitted to be of combustible construction or noncombustible construction used singly or in combination, and
3.2.2.82. Group F, Division 3, Any Height, Any Area, SprinkleredCopy link
(1)Except as permitted by Articles 3.2.2.83. to 3.2.2.92., a building classified as Group F, Division 3 shall conform to Sentence (2).
(2)Except as permitted by Article 3.2.2.16., the building referred to in Sentence (1) shall be of noncombustible construction, and
(a)except as permitted by Sentences 3.2.2.7.(1) and 3.2.2.18.(2), the building shall be sprinklered throughout,
(b)floor assemblies shall be fire separations with a fire-resistance rating not less than 2 h, except that floor assemblies are permitted to be fire separations with a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h in a storage garage with all storeys constructed as open-air storeys,
(c)mezzanines shall have a fire-resistance rating not less 1 h,
(d)if the building is not sprinklered, roof assemblies shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h, and
(e)loadbearing walls, columns and arches shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than that required for the supported assembly.
3.2.2.83. Group F, Division 3, up to 6 StoreysCopy link
(1)A building classified as Group F, Division 3 is permitted to conform to Sentence (2) provided
(a)it is not more than 6 storeys in building height, and
(b)it has a building area not more than the value in Table 3.2.2.83. Table 3.2.2.83. Maximum Building Area, Group F, Division 3, up to 6 Storeys Forming Part of Sentence 3.2.2.83.(1)
(2)The building referred to in Sentence (1) shall be of noncombustible construction, and
(a)floor assemblies shall be fire separations with a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h,
(b)mezzanines shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h,
(c)roof assemblies shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h, and
(d)loadbearing walls, columns and arches shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than that required for the supported assembly.
3.2.2.84. Group F, Division 3, up to 6 Storeys, SprinkleredCopy link
(1)A building classified as Group F, Division 3 is permitted to conform to Sentence (2) provided
(a)except as permitted by Sentences 3.2.2.7.(1) and 3.2.2.18.(2), the building is sprinklered throughout,
(b)it is not more than 6 storeys in building height, and
(c)it has a building area
(i)that is not limited if the building is not more than 1 storey in building height,
(ii)not more than 21 600 m² if 2 storeys in building height,
(iii)not more than 14 400 m² if 3 storeys in building height,
(iv)not more than 10 800 m² if 4 storeys in building height,
(v)not more than 8 640 m² if 5 storeys in building height, or
(vi)not more than 7 200 m² if 6 storeys in building height.
(2)Except as permitted by Article 3.2.2.16., the building referred to in Sentence (1) shall be of noncombustible construction, and
(a)floor assemblies shall be fire separations with a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h,
(b)mezzanines shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h, and
(c)loadbearing walls, columns and arches shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than that required for the supported assembly.
3.2.2.85. Group F, Division 3, up to 4 StoreysCopy link
(1)A building classified as Group F, Division 3 is permitted to conform to Sentence (2) provided
(a)it is not more than 4 storeys in building height, and
(b)it has a building area not more than the value in Table 3.2.2.85. Table 3.2.2.85. Maximum Building Area, Group F, Division 3, up to 4 Storeys Forming Part of Sentence 3.2.2.85.(1)
(2)The building referred to in Sentence (1) is permitted to be of combustible construction or noncombustible construction used singly or in combination, and
(a)floor assemblies shall be fire separations and, if of combustible construction, shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min,
(b)mezzanines shall have, if of combustible construction, a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min,
(c)roof assemblies shall have, if of combustible construction, a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min, except that in a building not more than 1 storey in building height, the fire-resistance rating is permitted to be waived provided
(i)2 400 m² if facing one street, (ii) 3 000 m² if facing 2 streets, or (iii) 3 600 m² if facing 3 streets, and (d) loadbearing walls, columns and arches supporting an assembly required to have a fire-resistance rating shall (i) have a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min, or (ii) be of noncombustible construction.
3.2.2.86. Group F, Division 3, up to 4 Storeys, SprinkleredCopy link
(1)A building classified as Group F, Division 3 is permitted to conform to Sentence (2) provided
(a)except as permitted by Sentences 3.2.2.7.(1) and 3.2.2.18.(2), the building is sprinklered throughout,
(b)it is not more than 4 storeys in building height, and
(c)it has a building area not more than
(i)14 400 m² if 1 storey in building height,
(ii)7 200 m² if 2 storeys in building height,
(iii)4 800 m² if 3 storeys in building height, or
(iv)3 600 m² if 4 storeys in building height.
(2)The building referred to in Sentence (1) is permitted to be of combustible construction or noncombustible construction used singly or in combination, and
(a)floor assemblies shall be fire separations and, if of combustible construction, shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min,
(b)mezzanines shall have, if of combustible construction, a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min, and
(c)loadbearing walls, columns and arches supporting an assembly required to have a fire-resistance rating shall
(i)have a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min, or
(ii)be of noncombustible construction.
3.2.2.87. Group F, Division 3, up to 2 StoreysCopy link
(1)A building classified as Group F, Division 3 is permitted to conform to Sentence (2) provided
(a)it is not more than 2 storeys in building height, and
(b)it has a building area not more than the value in Table 3.2.2.87. Table 3.2.2.87. Maximum Building Area, Group F, Division 3, up to 2 Storeys Forming Part of Sentence 3.2.2.87.(1)
(2)The building referred to in Sentence (1) is permitted to be of combustible construction or noncombustible construction used singly or in combination, and
(a)floor assemblies shall be fire separations and, if of combustible construction, shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min, and
(b)loadbearing walls, columns and arches supporting an assembly required to have a fire-resistance rating shall
(i)have a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min, or
(ii)be of noncombustible construction.
3.2.2.88. Group F, Division 3, up to 2 Storeys, SprinkleredCopy link
(1)A building classified as Group F, Division 3 is permitted to conform to Sentence (2) provided
(a)except as permitted by Sentences 3.2.2.7.(1) and 3.2.2.18.(2), the building is sprinklered throughout,
(b)it is not more than 2 storeys in building height, and
(c)it has a building area not more than
(i)7 200 m² if 1 storey in building height, or
(ii)2 400 m² if 2 storeys in building height.
(2)The building referred to in Sentence (1) is permitted to be of combustible construction or noncombustible construction used singly or in combination, and
(a)floor assemblies shall be fire separations and, if of combustible construction, shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min, and
(b)loadbearing walls, columns and arches supporting an assembly required to have a fire-resistance rating shall
(i)have a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min, or
(ii)be of noncombustible construction.
3.2.2.89. Group F, Division 3, One StoreyCopy link
(1)A building classified as Group F, Division 3 is permitted to be of heavy timber construction or noncombustible construction used singly or in combination provided
(a)it is not more than 1 storey in building height, and
(b)it has a building area not more than
(i)5 600 m² if facing one street,
(ii)7 000 m² if facing 2 streets, or
(iii)8 400 m² if facing 3 streets.
3.2.2.90. Group F, Division 3, One Storey, SprinkleredCopy link
(1)A building classified as Group F, Division 3 is permitted to be of heavy timber construction or noncombustible construction used singly or in combination provided
(a)except as permitted by Sentences 3.2.2.7.(1) and 3.2.2.18.(2), the building is sprinklered throughout,
(b)it is not more than 1 storey in building height, and
(c)it has a building area not more than 16 800 m².
3.2.2.91. Group F, Division 3, One Storey, Any Area, Low Fire Load OccupancyCopy link
(1)A building classified as Group F, Division 3 is permitted to conform to Sentence (2) provided it is
(a)not more than 1 storey in building height,
(b)used solely for low fire load occupancies such as
(i)power generating plants, or
(ii)plants for the manufacture or storage of noncombustible materials, and
(c)not limited in building area.
(2)The building referred to in Sentence (1) shall be of noncombustible construction.
3.2.2.92. Group F, Division 3, Storage Garages up to 22 m HighCopy link
(1)A building used as a storage garage with all storeys constructed as open-air storeys and having no other occupancy above it is permitted to have its floor, wall, ceiling and roof assemblies constructed without a fire-resistance rating provided it is
(a)of noncombustible construction,
(b)not more than 22 m high, measured between grade and the ceiling level of the top storey,
(c)not more than 10 000 m² in building area, and
(d)designed so that every portion of each floor area is within 60 m of an exterior wall opening.
3.2.3. Spatial Separation and Exposure Protection (See Note A-3.2.3.)Copy link
3.2.3.1. Limiting Distance and Area of Unprotected OpeningsCopy link
(1)Except as permitted by Articles 3.2.3.10. to 3.2.3.12., the area of unprotected openings in an exposing building face for the applicable limiting distance shall be not more than the value determined in accordance with
(a)Table 3.2.3.1.-B or Table 3.2.3.1.-C for an exposing building face conforming to Article 3.2.3.2. of a building or fire compartment which is not sprinklered, or
(b)Table 3.2.3.1.-D or Table 3.2.3.1.-E for an exposing building face conforming to Article 3.2.3.2. of a sprinklered fire compartment that is part of a building which is sprinklered in conformance with Section 3.2. (See Note A-3) (See also Article 3.1.18.3.)
(2)The area of the unprotected openings in an exposing building face shall be the aggregate area of unprotected openings expressed as a percentage of the area of the exposing building face in Table 3.2.3.1.-B, 3.2.3.1.-C, 3.2.3.1.-D or 3.2.3.1.-E. (See Sentence 3.2.3.2.(1))
(3)For the purpose of determining the type of construction and cladding and the fire-resistance rating of an exterior wall,
(a)the exposing building face shall be taken as the projection of the exterior wall onto a vertical plane located so that no portion of the exterior wall of the building or of a fire compartment, if the fire compartment complies with the requirements of Article 3.2.3.2., is between the vertical plane and the line to which the limiting distance is measured, and
(b)the area of unprotected openings shall be determined from Table 3.2.3.1.-B, 3.2.3.1.-C, 3.2.3.1.-D or 3.2.3.1.-E.
(4)For the purpose of determining the actual percentage of unprotected openings permitted in an exterior wall, the location of the exposing building face is permitted to be taken at a vertical plane located so that there are no unprotected openings between the vertical plane and the line to which the limiting distance is measured. (See Note A-3.2.3.1.(4))
(5)Except for buildings that are sprinklered, where the limiting distance is 2 m or less, individual unprotected openings in an exposing building face shall be no greater than
(a)the area stated in Table 3.2.3.1.-A, or
(b)where the limiting distance equal to or greater than 1.2 m, the area calculated by Area = 0.24 [(2 x LD) - 1.2] 2 where Area = area of the unprotected opening, and LD = limiting distance.
(6)The spacing between individual unprotected openings described in Sentence (5) that serve a single room or space described in Sentence (7) shall not be less than
(a)2 m horizontally of another unprotected opening that is on the same exposing building face and serves the single room or space, or
(b)2 m vertically of another unprotected opening that serves the single room or space, or another room or space on the same storey.
(7)For the purpose of Sentence (6), “single room or space” means a room or space that
(a)is not divided by a wall,
(b)is divided by
(i)a wall that extends less than 1.5 m from the interior face of the exterior wall, or
(ii)a partial height wall, or
(c)consists of two or more stacked spaces that are on the same storey.
(8)If a building has any storey that is not sprinklered and firefighting facilities cannot reach it within 10 min of the alarm being received, the required limiting distance shall be doubled.
(9)If the surface temperature on the unexposed surface of a wall assembly exceeds the temperature limit of a standard fire test as permitted by Article 3.1.7.2., an allowance shall be made for the radiation from the hot unexposed wall surface by adding an equivalent area of unprotected opening to the area of actual openings as follows: A C
(10)Unless a closure used to protect an opening in an exposing building face has a protective performance equivalent to that required for the wall assembly in which it is located, an equivalent area of unprotected opening, determined in accordance with the procedures of Sentence (9) shall be added to the greater of
(a)the actual area of unprotected openings, or
(b)the corrected area of unprotected openings.
(11)The required limiting distance for an exposing building face is permitted to be measured to a point beyond the property line that is not the centre line of a street, lane or public thoroughfare if
(a)the owners of the properties on which the limiting distance is measured and the municipality enter into an agreement in which such owners agree that,
(i)each owner covenants that, for the benefit of land owned by the other covenantors, the owner will not construct a building on his or her property unless the limiting distance for exposing building faces in respect of the proposed construction is measured in accordance with the agreement,
(ii)the covenants contained in the agreement are intended to run with the lands, and the agreement shall be binding on the parties and their respective heirs, executors, administrators, successors and assigns,
(iii)the agreement shall not be amended or deleted from title without the consent of the municipality, and
(iv)they will comply with such other conditions as the municipality considers necessary, including indemnification of the municipality by the other parties, and
(b)the agreement referred to in Clause (a) is registered against the title of the properties to which it applies.
(12)Where an agreement referred to in Sentence (11) is registered against the title of a property, the limiting distance for exposing building faces shall be measured to the point referred to in the agreement.
3.2.3.2. Area of Exposing Building FaceCopy link
(1)Except as permitted by Sentences (2) and (3), the area of an exposing building face shall be calculated as the total area of exterior wall facing in one direction on any side of a building measured from the finished ground level to the uppermost ceiling.
(2)If a building is divided by fire separations into fire compartments, the area of exposing building face is permitted to be calculated for each fire compartment provided the fire separations have a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min.
(3)In a building that is sprinklered throughout and contains an interconnected floor space, the area of the exposing building face for the interconnected floor space is permitted to be determined by considering each storey as a separate fire compartment notwithstanding openings through the floor assemblies.
3.2.3.3. Wall Enclosing Attic or Roof SpaceCopy link
(1)An exterior wall enclosing an attic or roof space and located above an exposing building face, shall be constructed in conformance with the requirements for the exposing building face.
3.2.3.4. ReservedCopy link
3.2.3.5. Wall With Limiting Distance Less Than 1.2 mCopy link
(1)Openings in a wall that has a limiting distance less than 1.2 m shall be protected by closures whose fire-protection rating is in conformance with the fire-resistance rating required for the wall.
(2)Wired glass or glass block shall not be used for a closure referred to in Sentence (1).
3.2.3.6. Combustible ProjectionsCopy link
(1)Except for a building containing one or two dwelling units only, combustible projections on the exterior of a wall that could expose an adjacent building to fire spread and are more than 1 m above ground level, including balconies, platforms, canopies and stairs, shall not be permitted within
(a)1.2 m of a property line or the centre line of a public way, or
(b)2.4 m of a combustible projection on another building on the same property.
(2)Except as provided in Sentence (4), where the exposing building face has a limiting distance of not more than 0.45 m, projecting roof soffits shall not be constructed above the exposing building face. (See Note A-3.2.3.6.(2))
(3)Except as provided in Sentence (4), where the exposing building face has a limiting distance of more than 0.45 m, the face of roof soffits above the exposing building face shall not project to less than 0.45 m from the property line. (See Note A-3.3.4.6.(2))
(4)The face of a roof soffit is permitted to project to the property line, where it faces a public way. (See Note A- 9.10.14.5.(11) and 9.10.15.5.(10))
(5)Where roof soffits project to less than 1.2 m from the centre line of a public way, or from an imaginary line between two buildings or fire compartments on the same property, they shall
(a)have no openings, and
(b)be protected by
(i)not less than 0.38 mm thick sheet steel,
(ii)unvented aluminum conforming to CAN/CGSB-93.2-M, “Prefinished Aluminum Siding, Soffits and Fascia, for Residential Use,”
(iii)not less than 12.7 mm thick gypsum soffit board or gypsum ceiling board installed according to CSA A82.31-M, “Gypsum Board Application,”
(iv)not less than 11 mm thick plywood,
(v)not less than 12.5 mm thick OSB or waferboard, or
(vi)not less than 11 mm thick lumber.
(6)For buildings of combustible construction, materials installed to provide the required protection of soffits may be covered with a combustible or noncombustible finish material.
3.2.3.7. Construction of Exposing Building FaceCopy link
(1)Except as provided by Sentences (3) and (4) and Articles 3.2.3.10. and 3.2.3.11., the fire-resistance rating, construction and cladding for exposing building faces of buildings or fire compartments of Group A, B, C, D or Group F, Division 3 occupancy classification shall comply with Table 3.2.3.7. Table 3.2.3.7. Minimum Construction Requirements for Exposing Building Faces Forming Part of Sentences 3.1.6.9.(5) and 3.2.3.7.(1) to
(4)Except as provided by Articles 3.1.4.8. and 3.1.6.9., the requirement in Table 3.2.3.7. for noncombustible cladding for buildings or fire compartments where the maximum permitted area of unprotected openings is more than 25% but not more than 50% of the exposing building face is permitted to be waived where
(a)the limiting distance is greater than 5 m,
(b)the building or fire compartment and all combustible attic or roof spaces are sprinklered throughout ,
(c)the cladding
(i)conforms to Subsection 9.27.6., 9.27.7., 9.27.8., 9.27.9. or 9.27.10.,
(ii)is installed without furring members, or on furring not more than 25 mm thick, over gypsum sheathing at least 12.7 mm thick or over masonry, and
(iii)after conditioning in conformance with ASTM D2898, “Standard Practice for Accelerated Weathering of Fire-Retardant-Treated Wood for Fire Testing,” has a flame-spread rating not greater than 25 on the exterior face when tested in accordance with Sentence 3.1.12.1.(1),
(d)the cladding
(i)conforms to Subsection 9.27.12.,
(ii)is installed with or without furring members over gypsum sheathing at least 12.7 mm thick or over masonry,
(iii)has a flame-spread rating not greater than 25 when tested in accordance with Sentence 3.1.12.1.(2), and
(iv)does not exceed 2 mm in thickness exclusive of fasteners, joints and local reinforcements, or (See Note A- 3.2.3.7.(4)(d)(iv))
(e)the exterior wall assembly complies with Article 3.1.5.5. or 3.1.5.6. (5) The construction requirements for the exposing building face stated in Sentences (1) and (2) shall be satisfied before increasing the unprotected opening area as permitted by Sentence 3.2.3.12.(1).
(2)Except as provided in Sentences (3) and (4) and Article 3.2.3.10., the fire-resistance rating, construction and cladding for exposing building faces of buildings or fire compartments of Group E or Group F, Division 1 or 2 occupancy classification shall comply with Table 3.2.3.7.
(3)Except as provided in Articles 3.1.4.8. and 3.1.6.9., the requirement in Table 3.2.3.7. for noncombustible cladding for buildings or fire compartments where the maximum permitted area of unprotected openings is more than 10% of the exposing building face is permitted to be waived for exterior wall assemblies that comply with Article 3.1.5.5. or 3.1.5.6.
3.2.3.8. Protection of Exterior Building FaceCopy link
(1)Except as permitted by Sentence (3) and in addition to the requirements of Sentences 3.2.3.7.(1) and (2) and where the maximum permitted area of unprotected openings is greater than 10% of the exposing building face, foamed plastic insulation used in an exterior wall of a building more than 3 storeys in building height shall be protected on its exterior surface by
(a)concrete or masonry not less than 25 mm thick, or
(b)noncombustible material that complies with the criteria for testing and conditions of acceptance stated in Sentence (2) when tested in conformance with CAN/ULC-S101, “Standard Method of Fire Endurance Tests of Building Construction and Materials.”
(2)The criteria for testing and the conditions of acceptance for a wall assembly to satisfy the requirements of Clause (1)(b) are that
(a)the fire exposed area of the wall assembly shall be not less than 9.3 m² and have no dimension less than 2.75 m,
(b)the exposed surface shall include typical vertical and horizontal joints,
(c)the test shall be continued for not less than 15 min and the standard time/temperature curve of the referenced standard shall be followed,
(d)the noncombustible protective material will remain in place and no through openings should develop that are visible when viewed normal to the face of the material, and
(e)the noncombustible protective material will not disintegrate in a manner that would permit fire to propagate along the surface of the test assembly.
(3)The requirements of Sentence (1) are waived for wall assemblies that comply with the requirements of Article 3.1.5.5. (See Note A-3.1.4.1.(1))
3.2.3.9. Protection of Structural MembersCopy link
(1)Structural members, including beams, columns and arches, placed wholly or partly outside the exterior face of a building and are less than 3 m from the property line or the centre line of a public thoroughfare shall be protected from exterior fire exposure by fire protection having a fire-resistance rating not less than that required for their protection from interior fire exposure, as stated in Articles 3.2.2.20. to 3.2.2.92., but not less than 1 h.
(2)Structural members of heavy timber construction, including beams, columns and arches, that are placed wholly or partly outside an exterior face of a building and are 3 m or more from the property line or the centre line of a public thoroughfare need not be covered with noncombustible cladding.
3.2.3.10. Unlimited Unprotected OpeningsCopy link
(1)An exposing building face in a storage garage with all storeys constructed as open-air storeys is permitted to have unlimited unprotected openings provided it has a limiting distance not less than 3 m.
(2)The exposing building face of a storey that faces a street and is at the same level as the street is permitted to have unlimited unprotected openings if the limiting distance is not less than 9 m.
3.2.3.11. Low Fire Load, One Storey BuildingCopy link
(1)An exposing building face of a building of low-hazard industrial occupancy conforming to Article 3.2.2.91. is permitted to be of noncombustible construction without a fire-resistance rating provided
(a)it is not a loadbearing wall, and
(b)the limiting distance is not less than 3 m.
3.2.3.12. Area Increase for Unprotected OpeningsCopy link
(1)Except as required by Sentence 3.2.3.7.(5), the maximum area of unprotected openings in any exposing building face of a building that is not sprinklered is permitted to be doubled if the openings are glazed with
(a)glass block conforming to the requirements of Article 3.1.8.16., or
(b)wired glass assemblies conforming to MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-2, “Fire Performance Ratings.” (See Note A-3.2.3.12.(1)) (See A-2.3.15. of SB-2)
3.2.3.13. Protection of Exit FacilitiesCopy link
(1)Except as required by Sentence (3) and as permitted by Sentence 3.4.4.3.(1), if the plane of an exterior wall of an exit enclosure forms an angle less than 135 with the plane of an exterior wall of the building it serves, and an opening in the exterior wall of the exit enclosure could be exposed to fire from an opening in the exterior wall of the building, the opening in either the exterior wall of the exit or the exterior wall of the building shall be protected in conformance with the requirements of Sentence (4) where the opening in the exterior wall of the building is within 3 m horizontally and
(a)less than 10 m below an opening in the exterior wall of the exit, or
(b)less than 2 m above an opening in the exterior wall of the exit. (See Note A-3.2.3.14.(1))
(2)If an unenclosed exterior exit stair or ramp could be exposed to fire from an opening in the exterior wall of the building it serves, the opening in the exterior wall of the building shall be protected in conformance with the requirements of Sentence (4) where the opening in the exterior wall of the building is within 3 m horizontally and
(a)less than 10 m below the exit stair or ramp, or
(b)less than 5 m above the exit stair or ramp.
(3)Except as permitted by Sentence 3.4.4.3.(1), if an exterior exit door in one fire compartment is within 3 m horizontally of an opening in another fire compartment and the exterior walls of these fire compartments intersect at an exterior angle of less than 135 , the opening shall be protected in conformance with the requirements of Sentence (4).
(4)The opening protection referred to in Sentences (1) to (3) shall consist of
(a)glass block conforming to the requirements of Article 3.1.8.16.,
(b)a wired glass assembly conforming to MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-2, “Fire Performance Ratings,” or
(c)a closure conforming to the requirements of Subsection 3.1.8. and Articles 3.2.3.1. and 3.2.3.14.
3.2.3.14. Wall Exposed to Another Wall (See Note A-3.2.3.14.)Copy link
(1)Except as required by Sentences (3) and 3.2.3.13.(1) or as permitted by Sentence 3.2.3.19.(5), if an unprotected opening in an exterior wall of a fire compartment is exposed to an unprotected opening in the exterior wall of another fire compartment, and the planes of the 2 walls are parallel or at an angle less than 135°, measured from the exterior of the building, the unprotected openings in the 2 fire compartments shall be separated by a distance not less than D O
(2)The exterior wall of each fire compartment referred to in Sentence (1) within the distance, D O
(3)Sentence (1) does not apply to unprotected openings of fire compartments within a building that is sprinklered throughout, but shall apply to,
(a)unprotected openings of fire compartments on opposite sides of a firewall, and
(b)exposure from unprotected openings of a fire compartment that is not protected by an automatic sprinkler system.
3.2.3.15. Wall Exposed to Adjoining RoofCopy link
(1)Except as permitted by Sentence 3.2.3.19.(5), if a wall in a building is exposed to a fire hazard from an adjoining roof of a separate fire compartment that is not sprinklered in the same building, and the exposed wall contains windows within 3 storeys vertically and 5 m horizontally of the roof, the roof shall contain no skylights within 5 m of the exposed wall.
3.2.3.16. Protection of SoffitsCopy link
(1)Except as permitted by Sentences (3) and (4), where there is a common attic or roof space above more than two suites of residential occupancy or above more than two patients' or residents’ sleeping rooms in a Group B, Division 2 or 3 occupancy, and the common attic or roof space projects beyond the exterior wall of the building, the soffit, and any opening in the soffits or other surface of the projection located within 2 500 mm of a window or door opening, shall be protected by
(a)noncombustible material
(i)not less than 0.38 mm thick, and
(ii)having a melting point not below 650°C,
(b)plywood not less than 11 mm thick,
(c)strandboard or waferboard not less than 12.5 mm thick, or
(d)lumber not less than 11 mm thick.
(2)The soffit protection required by Sentence (1) shall extend the full width of the opening and to not less than 1 200 mm on either side of it, and shall apply to all openings through the soffit within this limit.
(3)If an eave overhang is completely separated from the remainder of the attic or roof space by the use of fire blocks, the requirements of Sentence (1) do not apply.
(4)The protection required by Sentence (1) for projections is permitted to be omitted if
(a)the fire compartments behind the window and door openings are sprinklered in accordance with Article 3.2.5.12., and
(b)all rooms, including closets and bathrooms, having openings in the wall beneath the soffit are sprinklered, notwithstanding exceptions permitted in the standards referenced in Article 3.2.5.12. for the installation of automatic sprinkler systems.
3.2.3.17. Canopy Protection for Vertically Separated OpeningsCopy link
(1)Except as permitted by Sentences (2) and (3), if a storey classified as a Group E or Group F, Division 1 or 2 major occupancy is required to be separated from the storey above by a fire separation,
(a)every opening in the exterior wall of the lower storey that is located vertically below an opening in the storey above shall be separated from the storey above by a canopy projecting not less than 1 m from the face of the building at the intervening floor level, and
(b)the canopy required by Clause (a) shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than that required for the floor assembly but need not be more than 1 h, except as required elsewhere in this Subsection.
(2)Except as permitted by Sentence (3), the canopy required by Sentence (1) is permitted to be omitted if the exterior wall of the upper storey is recessed not less than 1 m behind the exterior wall containing the opening in the lower storey.
(3)The requirements of Sentences (1) and (2) are permitted to be waived if the building is sprinklered throughout.
3.2.3.18. Covered Vehicular PassagewayCopy link
(1)A covered vehicular passageway designed as a receiving or shipping area shall be separated from every building or part of a building adjoining it by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than 1.5 h.
(2)A covered vehicular passageway constructed below grade shall be of noncombustible construction.
3.2.3.19. Walkway Between BuildingsCopy link
(1)Except as required by Sentence 3.2.3.20.(2), if buildings are connected by a walkway, each building shall be separated from the walkway by a fire separation with a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min.
(2)Except as permitted by Sentence (4), a walkway connected to a building required to be of noncombustible construction shall also be of noncombustible construction.
(3)Except as provided in Sentence (4), a walkway connected to a building or part of a building permitted to be of encapsulated mass timber construction shall be of noncombustible construction or encapsulated mass timber construction.
(4)A walkway connected to a building required to be of noncombustible construction or to a building or part of a building permitted to be of encapsulated mass timber construction is permitted to be of heavy timber construction provided
(a)not less than 50% of the area of any enclosing perimeter walls is open to the outdoors, and
(b)the walkway is at ground level.
(5)A walkway of noncombustible construction used only as a pedestrian thoroughfare need not conform to the requirements of Articles 3.2.3.14. and 3.2.3.15.
(6)A walkway between buildings shall be not more than 9 m wide
3.2.3.20. Underground WalkwayCopy link
(1)An underground walkway shall not be designed or used for any purpose other than pedestrian travel unless
(a)the purpose is permitted, and
(b)sprinklers are installed in any space in the walkway containing an occupancy.
(2)Buildings connected by an underground walkway shall be separated from the walkway by a fire separation with a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h.
(3)An underground walkway shall be of noncombustible construction suitable for an underground location.
(4)In an underground walkway
(a)smoke barrier doors shall be installed at intervals of not more than 100 m, or
(b)the travel distance from the door of an adjacent room or space to the nearest exit shall be not more than one and a half times the least allowable travel distance to an exit for any of the adjacent occupancies as permitted by Sentence 3.4.2.5.(1).
(5)An underground walkway between buildings shall be not more than 9 m wide.
3.2.3.21. ReservedCopy link
3.2.3.22. Service Lines Under BuildingsCopy link
(1)A building shall not be constructed over an existing buried flammable gas main unless the gas main is encased in a gas-tight conduit in conformance with CAN/CSA-Z662, “Oil and gas pipeline systems.”
3.2.4. Fire Alarm and Detection Systems (See Note A-3.2.4.)Copy link
3.2.4.1. Determination of Requirement for a Fire Alarm SystemCopy link
(1)Except as permitted in Sentences (2) and (3), a fire alarm system shall be installed in buildings in which an automatic sprinkler system is installed.
(2)Buildings in which a sprinkler system is installed in accordance with NFPA 13D, “Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems in One- and Two-Family Dwellings and Manufactured Homes,” need not comply with Sentence (1).
(3)Buildings that contain fewer than 9 sprinklers conforming to Sentence 3.2.5.12.(4) need not comply with Sentence (1).
(4)Except as permitted by Sentences (5), (6) and 3.2.4.2.(4), a fire alarm system shall be installed in a building that is not sprinklered throughout and that contains
(a)a contained use area,
(b)an impeded egress zone,
(c)more than 3 storeys, including storeys below the first storey,
(d)a total occupant load more than 300, other than in open air seating areas,
(e)an occupant load more than 150 above or below the first storey, other than in open air seating areas,
(f)a school, college or child care facility, including a day care facility, with an occupant load more than 40,
(g)a licensed beverage establishment or a licenced restaurant, with an occupant load more than 150,
(h)a low-hazard industrial occupancy with an occupant load more than 75 above or below the first storey,
(i)a medium-hazard industrial occupancy with an occupant load more than 75 above or below the first storey,
(j)a residential occupancy with sleeping accommodation for more than 10 persons,
(k)a high-hazard industrial occupancy with an occupant load more than 25,
(l)an occupant load more than 300 below an open air seating area,
(m)a care and treatment occupancy for more than 10 persons receiving care or treatment, or
(n)a care occupancy for more than 10 persons receiving care. (4.1) A fire alarm system is not required in a hotel 3 storeys or less in building height provided each suite has direct access to an exterior exit facility leading to ground level.
(5)A fire alarm system is not required in a residential occupancy that is not sprinklered, where
(a)not more than 4 suites share a common means of egress, or
(b)each suite has direct access to an exterior exit facility leading to ground level.
(6)A fire alarm system is not required in a storage garage conforming to Article 3.2.2.92. that is contained in a building that is not sprinklered provided there are no other occupancies in the building.
3.2.4.2. Continuity of Fire Alarm SystemCopy link
(1)Except as permitted by Sentence (6), if there are openings through a firewall, other than those for piping, tubing, wiring and totally enclosed noncombustible raceways, the requirements in this Subsection shall apply to the floor areas on both sides of the firewall as if they were in the same building.
(2)Except as permitted by Sentence (4), if a building contains more than one major occupancy and a fire alarm system is required, a single system shall serve all occupancies.
(3)Except as permitted by Sentence (4), if a fire alarm system is required in any portion of a building, it shall be installed throughout the building.
(4)Except as required by Sentence (5), the requirements in this Subsection are permitted to be applied to each portion of a building not more than 3 storeys in building height, in which a vertical fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h separates the portion from the remainder of the building as if it were a separate building, provided there are no openings through the fire separation, other than those for piping, tubing, wiring and totally enclosed noncombustible raceways.
(5)The permission in Sentence (4) to consider separated portions of a building as separate buildings does not apply to service rooms and storage rooms.
(6)Buildings interconnected by walkways permitted in Articles 3.2.3.19. and 3.2.3.20. or by vestibules provided in conformance with Article 3.2.6.3. shall be treated as separate buildings for the purpose of fire alarm installation required by this Subsection.
3.2.4.3. Types of Fire Alarm SystemsCopy link
(1)A fire alarm system shall be
(a)a single-stage system in a Group F, Division 1 occupancy,
(b)except as permitted in Clause (c), a 2-stage system in a Group B occupancy,
(c)a single- or 2-stage system in a Group B, Division 3 occupancy where the building is 3 storeys or less in building height,
(d)a single-stage system in elementary and secondary schools, except for a special needs facility, and
(e)a single- or 2-stage system in all other cases.
3.2.4.4. Description of Fire Alarm SystemsCopy link
(1)A single-stage fire alarm system shall, upon the operation of any manual station, waterflow detecting device, or fire detector, cause an alarm signal to sound on all audible signal devices in the system. (See Note A-3.2.4.4.(1))
(2)A 2-stage fire alarm system shall
(a)cause an alert signal to sound upon the operation of any manual station, waterflow detecting device, or fire detector,
(b)except for a Group B, Division 2 occupancy, automatically cause an alarm signal to sound if the alert signal is not acknowledged within 5 min of its initiation,
(c)have manual stations, each of which is equipped so that the use of a key or other similar device causes an alarm signal to sound that continues to sound upon removal of the key or similar device from the manual station, and (See Note A-3.2.4.4.(2)(c))
(d)in a building containing a hotel,
(i)cause an alarm signal to sound in the initiating fire zone in the hotel, and
(ii)cause an alert signal to sound throughout the hotel and such parts of the building as is necessary to alert hotel staff. (See Note A-3.2.4.4.(2))
(3)A 2-stage fire alarm system is permitted to be zone coded so that, upon the operation of any manual station, waterflow detecting device, or fire detector,
(a)a coded alert signal is sounded indicating the zone of alarm initiation,
(b)the coded alert signal is repeated in its entirety not less than 4 times, and
(c)a continuous alert signal is sounded upon completion of the coded signals referred to in Clause (b) and Sentence (4).
(4)If a second manual station, waterflow detecting device, or fire detector is operated in a fire alarm system with zone coding as permitted by Sentence (3), in a zone other than that for which the first alert signal was sounded, the coded alert signal for the first zone shall be completed before the coded alert signal for the second zone is repeated not less than 4 times.
3.2.4.5. Installation and Verification of Fire Alarm SystemsCopy link
(1)Fire alarm systems, including those with voice communication capability where provided, shall be installed in conformance with CAN/ULC-S524, “Standard for Installation of Fire Alarm Systems.”
(2)Fire alarm systems shall be verified in conformance with CAN/ULC-S537, “Verification of Fire Alarm Systems,” to ensure satisfactory operation.
3.2.4.6. Silencing of Alarm SignalsCopy link
(1)Except as permitted by Sentence (3), a fire alarm system shall be designed so that when an alarm signal is actuated, it cannot be silenced automatically before a period of time has elapsed that is not less than
(a)5 min for a building not required to be equipped with an annunciator, and
(b)20 min for any other building.
(2)Except as permitted by Sentences 3.2.4.18.(8) and Sentences 3.2.4.22.(2) and (3), a fire alarm system shall not incorporate manual silencing switches other than those installed inside the fire alarm control unit. (See Note A- 3.2.4.6.(2))
(3)Except as provided by Clause 3.2.4.22.(3)(a), in a care and treatment occupancy an alert signal is permitted to be silenced automatically after 1 min.
3.2.4.7. Signals to Fire DepartmentCopy link
(1)A single-stage fire alarm system shall be designed to notify the fire department in conformance with Sentence (4) that an alarm signal has been initiated in
(a)a building of a Group A occupancy having an occupant load more than 300, or
(b)a retirement home.
(2)A fire alarm system that includes waterflow indicating devices shall be designed to notify the fire department in conformance with Sentence (4), when an alarm is initiated.
(3)A 2-stage fire alarm system shall be designed to notify the fire department, in conformance with Sentence (4), that an alert signal has been initiated.
(4)Notification of the fire department, as required by Sentences (1) to (3), shall be provided in conformance with CAN/ULC-S561, “Standard for Installation and Services for Fire Signal Receiving Centres and Systems.” (See Note A- 3.2.4.7.(4))
(5)Where a single-stage fire alarm system is installed in a building that is not sprinklered throughout and Sentence (1) does not apply, a legible notice that is not easily removed shall be affixed to the wall near each manual station stating
(a)that the fire department is to be notified in the event of a fire emergency, and
(b)the emergency telephone number for the municipality or for the fire department. (See Note A-3.2.4.7.(5)(b))
(6)Helicopter landing areas on roofs shall be provided with telephone extensions or means to notify the fire department.
3.2.4.8. Annunciator and Zone IndicationCopy link
(1)Except as permitted by Sentences (3) to (5), an annunciator shall be installed in close proximity to a building entrance that faces a street or an access route for fire department vehicles that complies with Sentence 3.2.5.5.(1).
(2)Except as permitted by Sentence (6), the annunciator required by Sentence (1) shall have separate zone indication of the actuation of the alarm initiating devices in each
(a)floor area so that the area of coverage for each zone in a building that is not sprinklered is not more than 2 000 m
(3)An annunciator need not be provided for a fire alarm system if not more than one zone indicator is required in Sentence (2).
(4)If an annunciator is not installed as part of a fire alarm system in conformance with Sentence (1), a visible and audible trouble signal device shall be provided inside the main entrance of the building.
(5)The requirements in Sentence (1) are waived in a building
(a)in which an automatic sprinkler system is not installed,
(b)that has an aggregate area for all storeys of not more than 2 000 m², and
(c)that is not more than 3 storeys in building height.
(6)The area limits of Clause (2)(a) are waived for an interior undivided open space used as an arena, a rink or a swimming pool provided that other spaces in the building that are separated from the open space are individually zoned in accordance with the requirements of Sentence (2).
(7)A fire alarm control unit installed in close proximity to a building entrance that faces a street or an access route for fire department vehicles that complies with Sentence 3.2.5.5.(1), is deemed to satisfy the requirement for an annunciator provided all indicators required for an annunciator or trouble signal device are included on the control unit. (See Note A-3.2.4.8.(7))
(8)In a building containing a hotel in which a trouble signal sounding device has a silencing switch, a trouble light shall be installed in
(a)the main reception area serving the hotel, or
(b)another continually-supervised location.
(9)In a long-term care home, a remote audiovisual fire alarm trouble signal shall be located at the main nursing station.
3.2.4.9. Electrical SupervisionCopy link
(1)Electrical supervision shall be provided for a fire alarm system.
(2)If a fire alarm system in a building is required to have an annunciator by Sentence 3.2.4.8.(1), except for hose values, all valve controlling water supplies in a standpipe system, shall be equipped with an electrically supervised switch for transmitting a trouble signal to the annunciator in the event of movement of the valve handle.
(3)An automatic sprinkler system shall be electrically supervised to indicate a supervisory signal on the building fire alarm system annunciator for each of the following:
(a)movement of a valve handle that controls the supply of water to sprinklers,
(b)loss of excess water pressure required to prevent false alarms in a wet pipe system,
(c)loss of air pressure in a dry pipe system,
(d)loss of air pressure in a pressure tank,
(e)a significant change in water level in any water storage container used for firefighting purposes,
(f)loss of power to any automatically starting fire pump, and (See Note A-3.2.4.9.(3)(f))
(g)a temperature approaching the freezing point in any dry pipe valve enclosure or water storage container used for firefighting purposes.
(4)A fire pump shall be electrically supervised as stipulated in NFPA 20, “Standard for the Installation of Stationary Pumps for Fire Protection.”
(5)Electrical supervision shall be provided to indicate, on the fire alarm system annunciator, a loss of power to a heat tracing cable that is installed to heat
(a)a standpipe riser,
(b)a sprinkler line as part of a fire suppression system, or
(c)an exit or means of egress to keep it free of ice and snow.
(6)Indication of a supervisory signal in accordance with Sentences (3) and (5) shall be transmitted to the fire department in conformance with Sentence 3.2.4.7.(4).
3.2.4.10. Fire DetectorsCopy link
(1)Fire detectors required by this Code shall be connected to the fire alarm system.
(2)Except as permitted by Sentence (3), if a fire alarm system is required in a building that is not sprinklered, fire detectors shall be installed in the following spaces:
(a)storage rooms not within dwelling units,
(b)service rooms not within dwelling units,
(c)janitors’ rooms,
(d)rooms in which hazardous substances are to be used or stored, (See Note A-3.3.1.2.(1)),
(e)elevator hoistways or dumbwaiter shafts,
(f)laundry rooms in buildings of residential occupancy, but not those within dwelling units, and
(g)hazardous classrooms and change rooms in elementary or secondary schools.
(3)Fire detectors required by Sentence (2) need not be provided within floor areas that are sprinklered.
(4)Fire detectors required by Sentence (2) shall be installed in elevator hoistways and dumbwaiter shafts where a sprinkler system is not installed within the hoistway or shaft.
3.2.4.11. Smoke and Heat DetectorsCopy link
(1)If a fire alarm system is installed, smoke detectors shall be installed in
(a)each sleeping room and each corridor serving as part of a means of egress from sleeping rooms in portions of a building classified as Group B major occupancy,
(b)each room in a contained use area and corridors serving those rooms,
(c)each corridor in portions of a building classified as Group A, Division 1 major occupancy,
(d)each public corridor in portions of a building classified as Group C major occupancy,
(e)each exit stair shaft, other than those serving only a Group A, Division 4 major occupancy or an open storage garage,
(f)the vicinity of draft stops required by Article 3.2.8.6.,
(g)each elevator machine room, and
(h)each corridor serving classrooms in elementary and secondary schools. (See Note A-3.2.4.11.(1)) (2) In a floor area containing a hotel, where a fire alarm system is installed and the floor area is not sprinklered, heat detectors shall be installed in every room in a suite and in every room not located in a suite other than washrooms within a suite, saunas, refrigerated areas and swimming pools. (3) Smoke detectors required in sleeping rooms of a care, care and treatment or detention occupancy shall, upon actuation, provide an audible and visible signal to staff serving those rooms so that the room or location containing the smoke detector can be easily identified. (See Note A-3.2.4.11.(3)) (4) Smoke detectors required in Clause (1)(g) shall, upon actuation, recall the elevators served by the elevator machine room in which the smoke detector is installed. (5) Except as permitted in Sentences (6) and (7), smoke detectors installed in buildings required to be equipped with a fire alarm system shall be located near the entrance to walkways described in Articles 3.2.3.19. and 3.2.3.20. or vestibules provided in conformance with Article 3.2.6.3. (6) Smoke detectors installed at the entrance to the walkways in conformance with Article 3.1.8.14. shall be deemed to meet the requirements of Sentence (5). (7) Smoke detectors required by Sentence (5) may be replaced with fire detectors in Group F occupancies where the smoke detectors may be subjected to false alarms due to the activities within the building.
3.2.4.12. Prevention of Smoke CirculationCopy link
(1)If a fire alarm system is installed, an air-handling system shall be designed to prevent the circulation of smoke upon a signal from a duct-type smoke detector if the air handling system
(a)serves more than one storey,
(b)serves more than one suite in a storey,
(c)serves more than one fire compartment required by Sentence 3.3.3.5.(2) or Sentence 3.3.4.11.(2), or
(d)is not provided with fire dampers as permitted by Sentence 3.1.8.8.(4).
3.2.4.13. Vacuum Cleaning System ShutdownCopy link
(1)A central vacuum cleaning system serving more than one suite or storey in a building equipped with a fire alarm system shall be designed to shut down upon actuation of the fire alarm system.
3.2.4.14. Elevator Emergency ReturnCopy link
(1)Except as permitted by Sentence (3), in a building having elevators that serve storeys above the first storey and that are equipped with an automatic emergency recall feature, smoke detectors shall be installed in the elevator lobbies on the recall level so that when these smoke detectors are actuated, the elevators will automatically return directly to an alternate floor level.
(2)Smoke detectors required by Sentence (1) shall be designed as part of the building fire alarm system.
(3)The alternate floor recall feature required by Sentence (1) is not required if the floor area containing the recall level is sprinklered throughout.
3.2.4.15. System MonitoringCopy link
(1)An automatic sprinkler system shall be equipped with waterflow detecting devices and, if an annunciator is required by Article 3.2.4.8., shall be installed so that each device serves
(a)not more than one storey, and
(b)an area on each storey that is not more than the system area limits as specified in NFPA 13, “Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems.”
(2)Waterflow detecting devices required by Sentence (1) shall be connected to the fire alarm system so that, upon its actuation, an alert signal or an alarm signal is initiated.
(3)The actuation of each waterflow detecting device required by Sentence (1) shall be indicated separately on the fire alarm system annunciator.
3.2.4.16. Manual StationsCopy link
(1)Except as permitted by Sentences (2) and (3), where a fire alarm system is installed, a manual station shall be installed in every floor area near
(a)every principal entrance to the building, and
(b)every exit. (See Note A-3.2.4.16.(1))
(2)In a building that is sprinklered throughout, a manual station is not required at an exterior egress doorway from a suite that does not lead to an interior shared means of egress in a hotel not more than 3 storeys in building height, provided each suite is served by an exterior exit facility leading directly to ground level.
(3)In a building that is sprinklered throughout, a manual station is not required at an exterior egress doorway from a dwelling unit that does not lead to an interior shared means of egress in a building not more than 3 storeys in building height containing only dwelling units, provided each dwelling unit is served by an exterior exit facility leading directly to ground level.
(4)In a building referred to in Sentence (2) or (3), manual stations shall be installed near doorways leading from shared interior corridors to the exterior.
(5)Where a fire alarm system is installed, a manually operated fire alarm station shall be installed on the roof at each exit from a helicopter landing area.
(6)In a building containing a hotel, a manual station shall be installed in the main reception area serving the hotel.
(7)Except as permitted by Sentence (3), in Group C apartment buildings other than retirement homes, if a manual station is not installed on a floor area in accordance with Sentence (1) or (4),
(a)a manual station shall be installed in every dwelling unit in the floor area near each egress door leading from the dwelling unit,
(b)smoke detectors shall be installed in the floor area in public corridors and stairwells, and
(c)fire detectors shall be installed in the floor area in all common public areas and in rooms not located within dwelling units.
(8)In floor areas where the manual stations are located in dwelling units, a legible sign stating FIRE ALARM MANUAL STATIONS LOCATED IN APARTMENT UNITS shall be posted near every exit in a public corridor.
(9)Key switch activated manual stations are permitted in an impeded egress zone and a contained use area in Group B, Division 1 and 2 occupancies.
3.2.4.17. Alert and Alarm SignalsCopy link
(1)In a 2-stage fire alarm system described in Sentence 3.2.4.4.(2), the same audible signal devices are permitted to be used to sound the alert signals and the alarm signals.
(2)If audible signal devices with voice reproduction capabilities are intended for paging and similar voice message use, other than during a fire emergency, they shall be installed so that alert signals and alarm signals take priority over all other signals.
(3)Audible signal devices forming part of a fire alarm or voice communication system shall not be used for playing music or background noise.
3.2.4.18. Audibility of Alarm Systems (See Note A-3.2.4.18.)Copy link
(1)Except as permitted by Sentence 3.2.4.19.(2) and except as required by Clause 3.2.4.4.(2)(d), audible signal devices forming part of a fire alarm system shall be installed in a building so that
(a)alarm signals are clearly audible throughout the floor area, and
(b)alert signals are clearly audible in continuously staffed locations, and where there are no continuously staffed locations, throughout the floor area. (See Note A-3.2.4.18.(1))
(2)The sound pattern of an alarm signal shall conform to the temporal pattern defined in Clause 4.2 of ISO 8201, “Acoustics — Audible emergency evacuation signal.” (See Note A-3.2.4.18.(2))
(3)The sound patterns of alert signals shall be significantly different from the temporal patterns of alarm signals. (See Note A-3.2.4.18.(3))
(4)In all normally occupied spaces, the fire alarm signal sound pressure level
(a)shall be not more than 110 dBA when measured at a distance of 3 m from the device, or
(b)is permitted to be more than 100 dBA provided the sound pressure level measured 2 000 mm above floor level is not more than 100 dBA. (See Note A-3.2.4.18.(4))
(5)The sound pressure level in a sleeping room from a fire alarm audible signal device shall be not less than 75 dBA in a building of residential occupancy when any intervening doors between the device and the sleeping room are closed. (See Note A-3.2.4.18.(5))
(6)Audible signal devices in sleeping rooms in a building of residential or care occupancy shall emit a low frequency signal. (See Note A-3.2.4.18.(6))
(7)Except as required by Sentence (5), the sound pressure level from a fire alarm system's audible signal device within a floor area shall be not less than 10 dBA above the ambient noise level and not less than 65 dBA, when any intervening doors between the device and the rest of the floor area are closed.
(8)Except as permitted by Sentence (12), audible signal devices located within a dwelling unit shall include a means for them to be manually silenced for a period of not more than 10 min, after which time the devices shall restore themselves to normal operation. (See Note A-3.2.4.18.(8))
(9)Audible signal devices within a dwelling unit or a suite of residential occupancy shall be connected to the fire alarm system
(a)in a manner such that a single open circuit at one device will not impair the operation of other audible signal devices on that same circuit that serve the other dwelling units or suites of residential occupancy, or
(b)on separate signal circuits that are not connected to the devices in any other dwelling unit, public corridor or suite of residential occupancy. (See Note A-3.2.4.18.(9) and (10))
(10)In a building or part of it classified as a residential occupancy,
(a)separate circuits shall be provided for audible signal devices on each floor area, and
(b)audible signal devices within dwelling units or suites of residential occupancy shall be wired on separate signal circuits from those not within suites of residential occupancy or dwelling units. (See Note A-3.2.4.18.(9) and (10))
(11)Audible signal devices shall be installed in a service space referred to in Sentence 3.2.1.1.(8) and shall be connected to the fire alarm system.
(12)Audible signal devices within dwelling units that are wired on separate signal circuits in accordance with Clause (10)(b) need not include a means for manual signal silencing as required by Sentence (8), provided the fire alarm system includes a provision for the automatic signal silence within dwelling units, where
(a)the automatic signal silence cannot occur within the first 60 s of operation or within the zone of initiation,
(b)a subsequent alarm elsewhere in the building will reactuate the silenced audible signal devices within dwelling units,
(c)after a period of not more than 10 min, the silenced audible signal devices will be restored to continuous audible signal if the alarm is not acknowledged, and
(d)the voice communication systems referred to in Article 3.2.4.22. and 3.2.4.23. has a provision to override the automatic signal silence to allow the transmission of voice messages through silenced audible signal device circuits that serve the dwelling units. (See Note A-3.2.4.18.(12))
(13)If a 2-stage fire alarm system has been installed with an automatic signal silence as described in Sentence (12), the system shall be designed so that any silenced audible signal devices serving dwelling units are reactuated whenever an alarm signal is required to be transmitted as part of the second stage. (See Note A-3.2.4.18.(8))
3.2.4.19. Visible SignalsCopy link
(1)Except as permitted by Sentence (4), where a fire alarm system is installed, visible signal devices shall be installed in addition to alarm signal devices
(a)in a building or portions thereof intended for use primarily by persons with a hearing impairment,
(b)in assembly occupancies in which music and other sounds associated with performances could exceed 100 dBA,
(c)in any floor area in which the ambient noise level is more than 87 dBA,
(d)in any floor area in which the occupants
(i)use ear protection devices,
(ii)are located in an audiometric booth, or
(iii)are located in sound-insulating enclosures,
(e)in public corridors serving a Group A, B, C, D or E major occupancy,
(f)in a corridor used by the public and in a floor area or part of a floor area where the public may congregate in a Group A occupancy,
(g)in not less than 10% of the suites of a hotel or motel, (See Note A-3.2.4.19.(1)(g))
(h)in washrooms for public use described in Sentence 3.8.2.3.(2), (3), (4) or (6), and
(i)in living spaces in a suite of residential occupancy in a Group C major occupancy apartment building.
(2)Visible signal devices are permitted to be installed in lieu of audible signal devices in the compartments referred to in Article 3.3.3.6. (See Note A-3.2.4.19.(2))
(3)Visible signal devices required by Sentence (1) shall be installed so that the signal from at least one device is visible throughout the floor area or portion thereof in which they are installed. (See Note A-3.2.4.19.(3))
(4)Visible signal devices required by Clauses (1)(e) and
(f)are not required in
(a)a classroom, and
(b)a Group B, Division 3 occupancy that contains sleeping accommodation for not more than 10 persons and not more than six occupants require assistance in evacuation in case of an emergency.
3.2.4.20. Smoke AlarmsCopy link
(1)Except as provided in Article 3.2.4.21., smoke alarms shall be installed in accordance with this Article.
(2)Except as permitted by Sentence (10), smoke alarms conforming to CAN/ULC-S531, “Standard for Smoke Alarms,” shall be installed in each dwelling unit and, except for care, care and treatment or detention occupancies required to have a fire alarm system, in each sleeping room not within a dwelling unit.
(3)At least one smoke alarm shall be installed on each storey and mezzanine of a dwelling unit.
(4)On any storey of a dwelling unit containing sleeping rooms, a smoke alarm shall be installed
(a)in each sleeping room, and
(b)in a location between the sleeping rooms and the remainder of the storey, and if the sleeping rooms are served by a hallway, the smoke alarm shall be located in the hallway.
(5)Reserved.
(6)A smoke alarm shall be installed on or near the ceiling.
(7)Reserved.
(8)Reserved.
(9)Except as permitted by Sentence (10), smoke alarms referred in Sentence (2) shall
(a)be installed with permanent connections to an electrical circuit,
(b)have no disconnect switch between the overcurrent device and the smoke alarm, and
(c)in case the regular power supply to the smoke alarm is interrupted, be provided with a battery as an alternative power source that can continue to provide power to the smoke alarm for a period of not less than 7 days in the normal condition, followed by 4 minutes of alarm. (See Note A-3.2.4.20.(9))
(10)Suites of residential occupancy are permitted to be equipped with smoke detectors in lieu of smoke alarms, provided the smoke detectors
(a)are capable of independently sounding audible signals with a sound pressure level between 75 dBA and 110 dBA within the individual suites, (See also Note A-3.2.4.18.(4))
(b)except as permitted by Sentence (11), are installed in conformance with CAN/ULC-S524, “Standard for the Installation of Fire Alarm Systems,” and verified in conformance with CAN/ULC-S537, “Standard for the Verification of Fire Alarm Systems,”
(c)form part of the fire alarm system, and
(d)are equipped with visual signalling components that meet the requirements of Sentences (17) to (19). (See Note A-3.2.4.20.(10))
(11)Smoke detectors permitted to be installed in lieu of smoke alarms as stated in Sentence (10) are permitted to sound localized alarms within individual suites, and need not sound an alarm throughout the rest of the building.
(12)If more than one smoke alarm is required in a dwelling unit, the smoke alarms shall be interconnected so that the actuation of one smoke alarm will cause all smoke alarms within the dwelling unit to sound.
(13)A smoke alarm required by Sentence (2) shall be installed in conformance with CAN/ULC-S553, “Standard for Installation of Smoke Alarms.”
(14)Except as permitted in Sentence (15), a manually operated silencing device shall be incorporated within the circuitry of a smoke alarm installed in a dwelling unit so that it will silence the signal emitted by the smoke alarm for a period of not more than 10 min, after which the smoke alarm will reset and again sound the alarm if the level of smoke in the vicinity is sufficient to reactuate the smoke alarm.
(15)Suites of residential occupancy equipped with smoke detectors installed in conformance with CAN/ULC-S524, “Standard for Installation of Fire Alarm Systems,” as part of the fire alarm system in lieu of smoke alarms as permitted by Sentence (10), need not incorporate the manually operated silencing device required by Sentence (14). (See Note A- 3.2.4.20.(10))
(16)The sound patterns of smoke alarms shall
(a)meet the temporal patterns of alarm signals, or (See Note A-3.2.4.18.(2))
(b)be a combination of temporal pattern and voice relay.
(17)Smoke alarms required by Sentence (2) shall have a visual signalling component conforming to the requirements in 18.5.3. (Light, Color and Pulse Characteristics) of NFPA 72, “National Fire Alarm and Signaling Code.” (See Note A- 3.2.4.20.(17))
(18)The visual signalling component required by Sentence (17) need not
(a)be integrated with the smoke alarm provided it is interconnected to it,
(b)be on battery backup, or
(c)have synchronized flash rates, when installed in a dwelling unit.
(19)The luminous intensity for visual signalling components required by Sentence (17) that are installed in sleeping rooms shall be a minimum of 175 cd.
(20)Smoke alarms required in suites in a retirement home or smoke detectors permitted to be installed in lieu of smoke alarms as provided in Sentence (10) shall upon actuation provide an audible and visual signal to staff serving those suites, so that the suite containing the actuated smoke alarm or smoke detector can be easily identified.
3.2.4.21. Residential Fire Warning SystemsCopy link
(1)Except where a fire alarm system is installed or required in a building, smoke detectors forming part of a residential fire warning system installed in conformance with CAN/ULC-S540, “Standard for Residential Fire and Life Safety Warning Systems: Installation, Inspection, Testing and Maintenance,” are permitted to be installed in lieu of all smoke alarms required by Article 3.2.4.20., provided that the system is
(a)capable of sounding audible signals in accordance with Sentences 3.2.4.20.(12) and (16),
(b)provided with a visual signalling component in accordance with Sentences 3.2.4.22.(17) to (19),
(c)powered in accordance with Sentence 3.2.4.20.(9), and
(d)provided with a silencing device in accordance with Sentences 3.2.4.20.(14) and (15).
3.2.4.22. Two-Way Voice Communication SystemsCopy link
(1)A voice communication system required by Subsection 3.2.6., Clause 3.3.2.4.(14)(f) or Sentence 3.3.4.11.(12) shall
(a)consist of a two-way means of communication with the central alarm and control facility and to the mechanical control centre from each floor area, and
(b)be capable of broadcasting pre-recorded, synthesized or live messages from the central alarm and control facility that are audible and intelligible in all parts of the building, except elevator cars. (See Note A-3.2.4.22.(1)(b))
(2)The voice communication system referred to in Sentence (1) shall include a means to silence the alarm signal in a single-stage fire alarm system while voice instructions are being transmitted, but only after the alarm signal has initially sounded for not less than 30 s.
(3)The voice communication system referred to in Sentence (1) shall include a means to silence the alert signal and the alarm signal in a 2-stage fire alarm system while voice instructions are being transmitted, but only after the alert signal has initially sounded for not less than
(a)10 s in hospitals that have supervisory personnel on duty for twenty-four hours each day, or
(b)30 s for all other occupancies.
(4)The voice communication system referred to in Clause (1)(b) shall be designed so that the alarm signal in a 2-stage fire alarm system can be selectively transmitted to any zone or zones while maintaining an alert signal or selectively transmitting voice instructions to any other zone or zones in the building.
(5)The 2-way communication system referred to in Clause (1)(a) shall be installed so that emergency telephones are located in each floor area near exit stair shafts.
(6)Visible signal devices required by Sentence 3.2.4.19.(1) shall continue to emit a visible signal while voice instructions are being transmitted.
(7)Where the facility is not equipped with staff trained to provide instructions over the loudspeakers, a pre-recorded message shall be provided.
3.2.4.23. One-Way Voice Communication SystemsCopy link
(1)Except for Group B, Division 1 and Group F, Division 1 major occupancies, where a fire alarm system is required under Subsection 3.2.4., a one-way voice communication system shall be installed in buildings where a 2-stage fire alarm system is installed and whose occupant load exceeds 1 000.
(2)The one-way voice communication system required by Sentence (1) shall consist of loudspeakers that are
(a)operated from the central alarm and control facility or, in the absence of a central alarm and control facility, from a designated area, and
(b)except in elevator cars, designed and located so that transmitted messages are audible and intelligible in all parts of the building. (See Note A-3.2.4.22.(1)(b))
(3)Where the facility is not equipped with staff trained to provide instructions over the loudspeakers, a pre-recorded message shall be provided.
(4)The voice communication system required by Sentence (1) shall meet the silencing and transmission requirements of Sentences 3.2.4.22.(2) to (4) and (6).
3.2.5. Provisions for Firefighting (See Note A-3)Copy link
3.2.5.1. Access to Above Grade StoreysCopy link
(1)Except for storeys below the first storey, direct access for firefighting shall be provided from the outdoors to every storey that is not sprinklered throughout and whose floor level is less than 25 m above grade, by at least one unobstructed window or access panel for each 15 m of wall in each wall required to face a street by Subsection 3.2.2.
(2)An opening for access required by Sentence (1) shall
(a)have a sill no higher than 900 mm above the inside floor, and
(b)be not less than 1 100 mm high by not less than
(i)550 mm wide for a building not designed for the storage or use of dangerous goods, or
(ii)750 mm wide for a building designed for the storage or use of dangerous goods.
(3)Access panels above the first storey shall be readily openable from both inside and outside, or the opening shall be glazed with plain glass.
3.2.5.2. Access to BasementsCopy link
(1)Direct access from at least one street shall be provided from the outdoors in a building that is not sprinklered to each basement having a horizontal dimension more than 25 m.
(2)The access required by Sentence (1) is permitted to be provided by
(a)doors, windows or other means that provide an opening not less than 1 100 mm high and 550 mm wide, with a sill no higher than 900 mm above the inside floor, or
(b)an interior stairway immediately accessible from the outdoors.
3.2.5.3. Roof AccessCopy link
(1)On a building more than 3 storeys in building height where the slope of the roof is less than 1 in 4, all main roof areas shall be provided with direct access from the floor areas immediately below, either by
(a)a stairway, or
(b)a hatch not less than 550 mm by 900 mm with a fixed ladder.
(2)Clearance and access around roof signs or other obstructions shall provide
(a)a passage not less than 900 mm wide by 1 800 mm high, clear of all obstructions except for necessary horizontal supports not more than 600 mm above the roof surface,
(i)around every roof sign, and
(ii)through every roof sign at locations not more than 15 m apart, and
(b)a clearance of not less than 1 200 mm between any portion of a roof sign and any opening in the exterior wall face or roof of the building in which it is erected.
3.2.5.4. Access RoutesCopy link
(1)A building which is more than 3 storeys in building height or more than 600 m² in building area shall be provided with access routes for fire department vehicles
(a)to the building face having a principal entrance, and
(b)to each building face having access openings for firefighting as required by Articles 3.2.5.1. and 3.2.5.2. (See Note A-3.2.5.4.(1))
3.2.5.5. Location of Access RoutesCopy link
(1)Access routes required by Article 3.2.5.4. shall be located so that the principal entrance and every access opening required by Articles 3.2.5.1. and 3.2.5.2. are located not less than 3 m and not more than 15 m from the closest portion of the access route required for fire department use, measured horizontally from the face of the building.
(2)Access routes shall be provided to a building so that
(a)for a building provided with a fire department connection, a fire department pumper vehicle can be located adjacent to the hydrants referred to in Article 3.2.5.15.,
(b)for a building not provided with a fire department connection, a fire department pumper vehicle can be located so that the length of the access route from a hydrant to the vehicle plus the unobstructed path of travel for the firefighter from the vehicle to the building is not more than 90 m, and
(c)the unobstructed path of travel for the firefighter from the vehicle to the building is not more than 45 m.
(3)The unobstructed path of travel for the firefighter required by Sentence (2) from the vehicle to the building shall be measured from the vehicle to the fire department connection provided for the building, except that if no fire department connection is provided, the path of travel shall be measured to the principal entrance of the building.
(4)If a portion of a building is completely cut off from the remainder of the building so that there is no access to the remainder of the building, the access routes required by Sentence (2) shall be located so that the unobstructed path of travel from the vehicle to one entrance of each portion of the building is not more than 45 m.
3.2.5.6. Access Route DesignCopy link
(1)A portion of a roadway or yard provided as a required access route for fire department use shall
(a)have a clear width not less than 6 m, unless it can be shown that lesser widths are satisfactory,
(b)have a centre line radius not less than 12 m,
(c)have an overhead clearance not less than 5 m,
(d)have a change of gradient not more than 1 in 12.5 over a minimum distance of 15 m,
(e)be designed to support the expected loads imposed by firefighting equipment and be surfaced with concrete, asphalt or other material designed to permit accessibility under all climatic conditions,
(f)have turnaround facilities for any dead-end portion of the access route more than 90 m long, and
(g)be connected with a public thoroughfare. (See Note A-3.2.5.6.(1)) (2) For buildings conforming to Article 3.2.2.51. or 3.2.2.60., no portion of the access route described in Sentence 3.2.2.10.(3) shall be more than 20 m below the uppermost floor level.
3.2.5.7. Water Supply (See Note A-3.2.5.7.)Copy link
(1)Every building shall be provided with an adequate water supply for firefighting.
3.2.5.8. Standpipe SystemsCopy link
(1)Except as permitted by Sentence (2), a standpipe system shall be installed in a building that is
(a)more than 3 storeys in building height,
(b)more than 14 m high measured between grade and the ceiling of the top storey, or
(c)not more than 14 m high measured between grade and the ceiling of the top storey but has a building area exceeding the area shown in Table 3.2.5.8. for the applicable building height unless the building is sprinklered throughout.
(2)A standpipe system need not be installed in a storage garage conforming to Article 3.2.2.92., provided the building is not more than 15 m high.
(3)A standpipe system is not required to be installed in a building classified as Group C major occupancy,
(a)that is not more than 4 storeys above grade,
(b)that does not contain a public corridor or other common areas,
(c)where each dwelling unit,
(i)is completely cut off from the remainder of the building so that there is no access to the remainder of the building,
(ii)has direct access to its interior by means of an exterior doorway located not more than 1 500 mm above or below adjacent finished ground level, and
(d)that conforms to the requirements of Article 3.2.2.50. or Article 3.2.2.52.
3.2.5.9. Standpipe System DesignCopy link
(1)Except as provided in Sentences (2) to (5), Articles 3.2.5.10. and 3.2.5.11., and Sentence 3.2.4.9.(2), the design, construction, installation and testing of a standpipe system shall conform to NFPA 14, “Standard for the Installation of Standpipe and Hose Systems.”
(2)A dry standpipe that is not connected to a water supply shall not be considered as fulfilling the requirements of this Article.
(3)If more than one standpipe is provided, the total water supply need not be more than 30 L/s.
(4)The residual water pressure at the design flow rate at the topmost hose connection of a standpipe system that is required to be installed in a building is permitted to be less than 690 kPa provided
(a)the building is sprinklered throughout,
(b)the water supply at the base of the sprinkler riser is capable of meeting, without a fire pump, the design flow rate and pressure demand of the sprinkler system, including the inside and outside hose allowance, and
(c)fire protection equipment is available to deliver, by means of the fire department connection, the full demand flow rate at a residual water pressure of 690 kPa at the topmost hose connection of the standpipe system. (See Note A- 3.2.5.9.(4)(c))
(5)A fire department connection shall be provided for every standpipe system.
3.2.5.10. Hose ConnectionsCopy link
(1)Hose connections shall be located in exits, in accordance with NFPA 14, “Standard for the Installation of Standpipe and Hose Systems.”
(2)Hose connections are not required within a floor area.
(3)Hose connections shall be provided with sufficient clearance to permit the use of a standard fire department hose key.
(4)Except as permitted by Sentence (5), 64 mm diam hose connections shall be installed in a standpipe system.
(5)Hose connections for 64 mm diam hose are not required in a building that is not more than 25 m high, measured between grade and the ceiling level of the top storey and in which an automatic sprinkler system is not installed.
3.2.5.11. Hose StationsCopy link
(1)Hose stations for 38 mm diam hose shall be installed for a standpipe system in a building that is not sprinklered throughout.
(2)Hose stations for a 38 mm diam hose shall be installed for a standpipe system within every floor area that is not sprinklered throughout. (See Note A-3.2.5.11.(2))
(3)Hose stations shall be located in the floor area within 5 m of exits and at other locations to provide coverage of the entire floor area.
(4)A hose station located on one side of a horizontal exit shall be considered to serve only the floor area on that side of the horizontal exit.
(5)A hose cabinet shall be located so that its door, when fully opened, will not obstruct the required width of a means of egress.
(6)Where a building or part thereof is used as a distillery and the building is sprinklered in conformance with Article 3.2.5.12., small hose (38 mm) stations are permitted to be supplied from interior sprinkler piping.
(7)Where a hose station is provided in grain handling and storage facilities in which combustible dusts are produced in quantities or concentrations that create an explosion or fire hazard, fog and fine spray nozzles shall be used instead of nozzles that discharge a solid stream of water to prevent combustible dusts from being raised into suspension.
3.2.5.12. Automatic Sprinkler SystemsCopy link
(1)Except as provided by Sentences (2) to (4) and (9), an automatic sprinkler system shall be designed, constructed, installed and tested in conformance with NFPA 13, “Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems.” (See Note A- 3.2.5.12.(1))
(2)Instead of the requirements of Sentence (1), NFPA 13R, “Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems in Low- Rise Residential Occupancies,” is permitted to be used for the design, construction, installation and testing of an automatic sprinkler system installed
(a)in a building of residential occupancy throughout that is not more than 4 storeys in building height and conforms to Article 3.2.2.47., 3.2.2.49., 3.2.2.51., 3.2.2.52. or 3.2.2.55.,
(b)in a building of Group B, Division 3 occupancy that contains sleeping accommodation for not more than 10 persons and not more than six occupants require assistance in evacuation in case of an emergency,
(c)in a building that contains a retirement home constructed in accordance with Article 3.2.2.55D., or
(d)in a building that contains a retirement home constructed in accordance with Article 3.2.2.55E., where the fire separation required by Sentence 3.3.4.11.(2) on the storey immediately below the roof assembly is continuous to the underside of the roof deck. (See Note A-3.2.5.12.(2))
(3)Instead of the requirements of Sentence (1), NFPA 13D, “Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems in One- and Two-Family Dwellings and Manufactured Homes,” is permitted to be used for the design, construction and installation of an automatic sprinkler system installed
(a)in a building of residential occupancy throughout that contains not more than two dwelling units,
(b)reserved,
(c)in a building of residential occupancy throughout that contains more than two dwelling units, provided
(i)except for a secondary suite, no dwelling unit is located above another dwelling unit,
(ii)all suites are separated by a vertical fire separation having a fire-resistance rating of not less than 1 h that provides continuous protection from the top of the footing to the underside of the roof deck, with any space between the top of the wall and the roof deck tightly filled with mineral wool or noncombustible material,
(iii)each dwelling unit has its own sprinkler water supply provided in accordance with NFPA 13D, “Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems in One- and Two-Family Dwellings and Manufactured Homes,”
(iv)a passive purge sprinkler system design is used as described in NFPA 13D, “Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems in One- and Two-Family Dwellings and Manufactured Homes,” and
(v)where the sprinkler system is taken into consideration for the reduction of limiting distance, all rooms, including closets, bathrooms and attached garages, that adjoin an exposing building face are sprinklered, notwithstanding any exemption stated in NFPA 13D, “Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems in One- and Two-Family Dwellings and Manufactured Homes.” (See Note A-3.2.5.12.(2))
(4)If a building contains fewer than 9 sprinklers, the water supply for these sprinklers is permitted to be supplied from the domestic water system for the building provided the required flow for the sprinklers can be met by the domestic system.
(5)If a water supply serves both an automatic sprinkler system and a system serving other equipment, control valves shall be provided so that either system can be shut off independently.
(6)Notwithstanding the requirements of the standards referenced in Sentences (1) and (2) for the installation of automatic sprinkler systems, sprinklers shall not be omitted in any room or closet in the storey immediately below a roof assembly. (See Note A-3.2.5.12.(6))
(7)Notwithstanding the requirements of the standards referenced in Sentences (1) and (2) regarding the installation of automatic sprinkler systems, in buildings conforming to Article 3.2.2.48., 3.2.2.51., 3.2.2.57. or 3.2.2.60., sprinklers shall be provided for all balconies and decks, other than,
(a)balconies or decks that are not more than 610 mm in depth measured perpendicular to the exterior wall of the building, or
(b)decks on the uppermost roof of the building. (See Note A-3.2.5.12.(7))
(8)Sprinklers in elevator machine rooms shall have a temperature rating not less than that required for an intermediate temperature classification and shall be protected against physical damage. (See Note A-3.2.5.12.(8))
(9)Except as provided in Subsection 3.2.8., closely spaced sprinklers and associated draft stops need not be installed around floor openings in conformance with NFPA 13, “Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems.”
(10)The sprinkler system described in Sentence (3) shall be provided with a minimum 20 min water supply when installed in a retirement home.
3.2.5.13. Combustible Sprinkler PipingCopy link
(1)Combustible sprinkler piping shall be used only for sprinkler systems in residential occupancies and other light- hazard occupancies. (See Note A-3.2.5.13.(1))
(2)Combustible sprinkler piping shall meet the requirements of ULC/ORD-C199P, “Combustible Piping for Sprinkler Systems.”
(3)Except as permitted by Sentence (5), combustible sprinkler piping shall be separated from the area served by the sprinkler system, and from any other fire compartment, by ceilings, walls, or soffits consisting of, as a minimum,
(a)lath and plaster,
(b)gypsum board not less than 9.5 mm thick,
(c)plywood not less than 13 mm thick, or
(d)a suspended membrane ceiling with
(i)steel suspension grids, and
(ii)lay-in panels or tiles having a mass not less than 1.7 kg/m².
(4)Except as permitted by Sentence (5), combustible sprinkler piping may be located above a ceiling, provided that the distance between the edge of any ceiling opening that is not protected in conformance with Sentence (3) and the nearest sprinkler is not more than 300 mm.
(5)Where combustible sprinkler piping has been tested in conformance with ULC/ORD-C199P, “Combustible Piping for Sprinkler Systems,” and has been shown to meet the requirements therein without additional protection, conformance to Sentences (3) and (4) is not required.
3.2.5.14. Sprinklered Service SpaceCopy link
(1)An automatic sprinkler system shall be installed in a service space referred to in Sentence 3.2.1.1.(8) if flooring for access within the service space is other than catwalks.
(2)The sprinkler system required by Sentence (1) shall be equipped with waterflow detecting devices, with each device serving not more than 1 storey.
(3)The waterflow detecting devices required by Sentence (2) shall be connected to the fire alarm system, to
(a)initiate an alert signal in a 2-stage system or an alarm signal in a single-stage system, and
(b)indicate separately on the fire alarm system annunciator the actuation of each device.
(4)If a building is sprinklered, sprinkler protection need not be provided in the space below a raised floor in a computer room
(a)if the optical fibre cables and electrical wires and cables in this space conform to the test requirements in Article 3.1.5.25.,
(b)if the building is of noncombustible construction and other combustible components are limited to those permitted in Subsection 3.1.5.,
(c)if this space is used to circulate conditioned air and the air handling system is designed to prevent the circulation of smoke upon a signal from a smoke detector,
(d)if all of this space is easily accessible by providing access sections or panels in the raised floor, and
(e)if the computer room is more than 2 000 m² and the annunciator has separate zone indicators of the actuation of smoke detectors located in this space so that the coverage for each zone is not more than 2 000 m².
3.2.5.15. Fire Department ConnectionsCopy link
(1)The fire department connection for a standpipe system shall be located so that the distance from the fire department connection to a hydrant is not more than 45 m and is unobstructed.
(2)The fire department connection for an automatic sprinkler system shall be located so that the distance from the fire department connection to a hydrant is not more than 45 m and is unobstructed.
3.2.5.16. Portable Fire ExtinguishersCopy link
(1)Portable extinguishers shall be provided and installed in all buildings, except within dwelling units, in conformance with the provisions of Division B of the Fire Code made under the Fire Protection and Prevention Act, 1997.
(2)In a Group B, Division 1 major occupancy, portable fire extinguishers are permitted to be located in secure areas, or in lockable cabinets provided
(a)identical keys for all cabinets are located at all supervisory or security stations, or
(b)electrical remote release devices are provided and are connected to an emergency power supply.
3.2.5.17. Protection from FreezingCopy link
(1)Equipment forming part of a fire protection system shall be protected from freezing if
(a)it could be adversely affected by freezing temperatures, and
(b)it is located in an unheated area.
3.2.5.18. Fire PumpsCopy link
(1)If a fire pump is installed, it shall be installed in accordance with the requirements of NFPA 20, “Standard for the Installation of Stationary Pumps for Fire Protection.” (See Note A-3.2.5.18.(1))
3.2.6. Additional Requirements for High Buildings (See Note A-3.2.6.)Copy link
3.2.6.1. ApplicationCopy link
(1)Except as provided in Sentence (2), this Subsection applies to a building
(a)of Group A, D, E or F major occupancy classification that is more than
(i)36 m high, measured between grade and the floor level of the top storey, or
(ii)18 m high, measured between grade and the floor level of the top storey, and in which the cumulative or total occupant load on or above any storey above grade, other than the first storey, divided by 1.8 times the width in metres of all exit stairs at that storey, exceeds 300, (b) containing a Group B major occupancy in which the floor level of the highest storey of that major occupancy is more than 18 m above grade, (c) containing a floor area or part of a floor area located above the third storey designed or intended as a Group B, Division 2 or 3 occupancy, (d) containing a Group C major occupancy in which the floor level of the highest storey of that major occupancy is more than 18 m above grade, or (e) containing a retirement home, where the floor level of the highest storey of the retirement home is more than 18 m above grade. (2) This Subsection applies to a building or part of a building constructed in conformance with Article 3.2.2.57. in which the floor level of the highest storey is more than 18 m above grade.
3.2.6.2. Limits to Smoke MovementCopy link
(1)A sprinklered building shall be designed in accordance with Sentences (2) to (6) and MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-4, “Measures for Fire Safety in High Buildings,” to limit the danger to occupants and firefighters from exposure to smoke in a building fire.
(2)A building referred to in Sentence (1), shall be designed so that, during a period of 2 h after the start of a fire, each exit stair serving storeys below the lowest exit level will not contain more than 1% by volume of contaminated air from the fire floor, assuming an outdoor temperature equal to the January design temperature on a 2.5% basis determined in conformance with MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-1, “Climatic and Seismic Data.”
(3)Each stairway that serves storeys above the lowest exit level shall have a vent to the outdoors, at or near the bottom of the stair shaft, that
(a)has an openable area of 0.05 m² for every door between the stair shaft and a floor area, but not less than 1.8 m²,
(b)opens directly to the outdoors or into a vestibule that has a similar opening to the outdoors, and
(c)has a door or closure that
(i)is openable manually, and
(ii)can remain in the open position during a fire emergency.
(4)Measures shall be taken to limit movement of smoke from a fire in a floor area below the lowest exit storey into upper storeys.
(5)Except for exhaust fans in kitchens, washrooms and bathrooms in dwelling units, and except for fans used for smoke venting as required by Article 3.2.6.6., air moving fans in a system that serves more than 2 storeys shall be designed and installed so that in the event of a fire these fans can be stopped by means of a manually operated switch at the central alarm and control facility.
(6)Except as provided in Article 3.2.4.12. or where there is a conflict with other smoke control measures in the building, air-handling systems used to provide make-up air to public corridors serving suites in a Group C major occupancy shall not shut down automatically upon activation of the fire alarm so as to maintain corridor pressurization.
(7)A building that is not sprinklered shall be designed in accordance with MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-4, “Measures for Fire Safety in High Buildings,” to limit the danger to occupants and firefighters from exposure to smoke in a building fire.
3.2.6.3. Connected BuildingsCopy link
(1)If a building described in Article 3.2.6.1. is connected to any other building, measures shall be taken to limit movement of contaminated air from one building into another during a fire. (See Note A-3.2.6.3.(1))
3.2.6.4. Emergency Operation of ElevatorsCopy link
(1)Manual emergency recall shall be provided for all elevators serving storeys above the first storey.
(2)Key-operated switches for emergency recall described by Sentence (1) shall be provided in a conspicuous location at
(a)each elevator lobby on the recall level, and
(b)the central alarm and control facility required by Article 3.2.6.7.
(3)In-car emergency service switches shall be provided in all elevator cars.
(4)Keys to operate the switches required by Sentences (2) and (3) shall be
(a)provided in a suitably identified box conspicuously located on the outside of an elevator hoistway near the central alarm and control facility required by Article 3.2.6.7., and
(b)kept at the central alarm and control facility.
(5)In a building that is not sprinklered, automatic emergency recall operation shall be provided for all elevators serving storeys above the first storey.
(6)The automatic emergency recall feature in Sentence (5) shall be actuated by
(a)smoke detectors installed in each elevator lobby on each storey, or (See Note A-3.2.6.4.(6)(a))
(b)the building fire alarm system.
(7)Smoke detectors in Sentence (6) shall be designed as part of the building fire alarm system.
3.2.6.5. Elevator for Use by FirefightersCopy link
(1)At least one elevator shall be provided for use by firefighters in conformance with Sentences (2) to (6).
(2)The elevator referred to in Sentence (1) shall have a useable platform area not less than 2.2 m² and shall be capable of carrying a load of 900 kg to the top floor that it serves from a landing on the storey containing the entrance for firefighter access referred to in Articles 3.2.5.4. and 3.2.5.5. within 1 min.
(3)Except where Measure K of MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-4, “Measures for Fire Safety in High Buildings,” is used, each elevator for use by firefighters shall
(a)be provided with a closure at each shaft opening so that the interlock mechanism remains mechanically engaged and electrical continuity is maintained in the interlock circuits and associated wiring for a period of not less than 1 h when the assembly is subjected to the standard fire exposure described in CAN/ULC-S104, “Standard Method for Fire Tests of Door Assemblies,”
(b)be protected with a vestibule containing no occupancy and separated from the remainder of the floor area by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min, or
(c)be protected with a corridor containing no occupancy and separated from the remainder of the building by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h.
(4)Except as permitted by Sentence (5), an elevator referred to in Sentence (1) shall be capable of providing transportation from the storey containing the entrance for firefighter access referred to in Articles 3.2.5.4. and 3.2.5.5. to every floor that is above grade in the building and that is normally served by the elevator system.
(5)If it is necessary to change elevators to reach any floor referred to in Sentence (4), the system shall be designed so that not more than one change of elevator is required when travelling to any floor in the building from the storey containing the entrance for firefighter access referred to in Articles 3.2.5.4. and 3.2.5.5.
(6)Electrical conductors for the operation of the elevator referred to in Sentence (1) shall
(a)be installed in service spaces conforming to Section 3.6. that do not contain other combustible material, or
(b)conform to CAN/ULC-S139, “Standard for Fire Test for Circuit Integrity of Fire-Resistive Power, Instrumentation, Control and Data Cables,” including the hose stream application, to provide a circuit integrity rating of not less than 1 h. (See Note A-3.2.6.5.(6)(b))
3.2.6.6. Venting to Aid FirefightingCopy link
(1)Means of venting each floor area to the outdoors shall be provided by windows, wall panels, smoke shafts or, except as provided by Sentence (5), the building exhaust system.
(2)Fixed glass windows shall not be used for the venting required by Sentence (1) if the breaking of the windows could endanger pedestrians below.
(3)Openable windows used for the venting required by Sentence (1) shall be permanently marked so that they are easily identifiable.
(4)Elevator hoistways shall not be designed for the venting required by Sentence (1).
(5)In a building that is not sprinklered, venting of floor areas required in Sentence (1) shall not be provided by the building exhaust system.
3.2.6.7. Central Alarm and Control FacilityCopy link
(1)A central alarm and control facility shall be provided on the storey containing the entrance for firefighter access referred to in Articles 3.2.5.4. and 3.2.5.5. in a location that
(a)is readily accessible to firefighters entering the building, and
(b)takes into account the effect of background noise likely to occur under fire emergency conditions, so that the facility can properly perform its required function under such conditions.
(2)The central alarm and control facility required in Sentence (1) shall include
(a)means to control the voice communication system required by Article 3.2.6.8., so that messages can be sent to
(i)all loudspeakers simultaneously,
(ii)individual floor areas, and
(iii)exit stairwells,
(b)means to indicate audibly and visually alert signals and alarm signals and a switch to
(i)silence the audible portion of these signals, and
(ii)indicate visually that the audible portion has been silenced,
(c)means to indicate visually that elevators are on emergency recall,
(d)an annunciator conforming to Article 3.2.4.8.,
(e)means to transmit alert signals and alarm signals to the fire department in conformance with Article 3.2.4.7.,
(f)means to release hold-open devices on doors to vestibules,
(g)means to manually actuate alarm signals in the building selectively to any zone or zones,
(h)means to silence the alarm signals referred to in Clause (g) in conformance with Sentences 3.2.4.22.(2) and (3),
(i)actuate auxiliary equipment identified in Articles 3.2.6.2., 3.2.6.3. and 3.2.6.6., or
(ii)communicate with a continually staffed auxiliary equipment control centre,
(j)means for two-way communications with every elevator car,
(k)means to indicate visually, individual sprinkler system waterflow signals,
(l)means to indicate audibly and visually, sprinkler and standpipe system supervisory signals and trouble signals,
(m)a switch to silence the audible portion of a supervisory signal or a trouble signal, and
(n)visual indication that the audible portion of a supervisory signal or a trouble signal has been silenced.
3.2.6.8. Voice Communication SystemCopy link
(1)A voice communication system conforming to Article 3.2.4.22. shall be provided in a building if
(a)the floor of the top storey is more than 36 m above grade,
(b)a floor area or part of a floor area located above the third storey is designed or intended for use as a Group B, Division 2 or 3 occupancy, or
(c)a floor area or part of a floor area located more than 18 m above grade is designed or intended for use as a retirement home regulated under the Retirement Homes Act, 2010 that is a Group C occupancy.
3.2.6.9. TestingCopy link
(1)The systems for control of smoke movement and mechanical venting required by Articles 3.2.6.2. and 3.2.6.6. shall be tested to ensure satisfactory operation in accordance with the procedures described in MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-4, “Measures for Fire Safety in High Buildings.”
3.2.7. Lighting and Emergency Power SystemsCopy link
3.2.7.1. Minimum Lighting RequirementsCopy link
(1)An exit, a public corridor, a corridor providing access to exit for the public, a corridor serving patients or residents in a Group B, Division 2 or 3 occupancy, a corridor serving classrooms, an electrical equipment room, a transformer vault and a hoistway pit shall be equipped to provide illumination to an average level not less than 50 lx at floor or tread level and at all points such as angles and intersections at changes of level where there are stairs or ramps.
(2)The minimum level of the illumination required by Sentence (1) shall be 10 lx.
(3)Rooms and spaces used by the public shall be equipped to provide illumination as described in Sentences (4) to (7) and Article 9.34.2.7.
(4)The minimum level of illumination over the entire length of escalators and moving walks shall be not less than 100 lx at the level of the treads and walking surfaces.
(5)Except as provided in Sentence (6) and except for light switches and internally illuminated controls, the minimum level of illumination at controls required by Article 3.8.1.5. shall be not less than 100 lx.
(6)Where visual information is provided at controls referred to in Sentence (5), the minimum level of illumination at the controls shall be not less than 200 lx, except where the visual information is internally illuminated.
(7)Except for internally illuminated signs, the minimum level of illumination at signs displaying visual information required by Clauses 3.4.6.10.(5)(b) and 3.4.6.16.(5)(g), Sentence 3.4.6.18.(3), Clause 3.4.6.18.(4)(a) and Articles 3.4.6.19. and 3.8.3.1. shall be not less than 200 lx.
(8)Lighting outlets in a building of residential occupancy shall be provided in conformance with Subsection 9.34.2.
(9)Elevator machine rooms shall be equipped to provide illumination to an average level of not less than 100 lx at floor level.
(10)Every place of assembly intended for the viewing of motion pictures or the performing arts, shall be equipped to provide an average level of illumination at floor level in the aisles of not less than 2 lx during the viewing.
(11)Every area where food is intended to be processed, prepared or manufactured and where equipment or utensils are intended to be cleaned shall be equipped to provide illumination to a level of not less than 500 lx measured at the floor level.
(12)Every storage room, dressing room, sanitary facility, service area and corridor serving the areas in Sentence (11) shall be equipped to provide illumination to a level of not less than 300 lx measured at the floor level.
3.2.7.2. Recessed Lighting FixturesCopy link
(1)A recessed lighting fixture shall not be located in an insulated ceiling unless the fixture is designed for this type of installation.
3.2.7.3. Emergency LightingCopy link
(1)Emergency lighting shall be provided to an average level of illumination not less than 10 lx at floor or tread level in
(a)exits,
(b)principal routes providing access to exit in open floor areas and in service rooms,
(c)corridors used by the public,
(d)corridors serving patients’ or residents’ sleeping rooms in a Group B, Division 2 or 3 occupancy,
(e)reserved,
(f)corridors serving classrooms,
(g)underground walkways,
(h)public corridors,
(i)floor areas or parts of thereof where the public may congregate
(ii)in Group A, Divisions 2 and 3 occupancies having an occupant load of 60 or more,
(j)floor areas or parts of thereof in day care centres where persons are cared for,
(k)food preparation areas in commercial kitchens,
(l)washrooms with fixtures for public use,
(m)locations where doors are equipped with an electromagnetic lock as described in Clauses 3.4.6.16.(5)(k),
(n)universal washrooms required by Article 3.8.3.12. and universal shower rooms required by Article 3.8.3.13.,
(o)principal routes providing access to exit in a floor area that is not subdivided into rooms or suites of rooms served by corridors in a business and personal services occupancy, a mercantile occupancy or an industrial occupancy, and
(p)internal corridors or aisles serving as principal routes to exits in a business and personal services occupancy, a mercantile occupancy or an industrial occupancy that is subdivided into rooms or suites of rooms, and is not served by a public corridor.
(2)Emergency lighting to provide an average level of illumination of not less than 10 lx at floor or catwalk level shall be included
(a)in a service space referred to in Sentence 3.2.1.1.(8), and
(b)on a shelf and rack storage system, in locations described in Sentence 3.16.1.5.(2).
(3)The minimum value of the illumination required by Sentences (1) and (2) shall not be less than 1 lx.
(4)In addition to the requirements of Sentences (1) to (3), the installation of battery-operated emergency lighting in health care facilities shall conform to the appropriate requirements of CSA Z32, “Electrical safety and essential electrical systems in health care facilities.”
3.2.7.4. Emergency Power for LightingCopy link
(1)An emergency power supply shall be
(a)provided to maintain the emergency lighting required by this Subsection from a power source such as batteries or generators that will continue to supply power in the event that the regular power supply to the building is interrupted, and
(b)so designed and installed that upon failure of the regular power it will assume the electrical load automatically for a period of
(i)2 h for a building within the scope of Subsection 3.2.6.,
(ii)1 h for a building of Group B major occupancy classification that is not within the scope of Subsection 3.2.6.,
(iii)1 h for a building within the scope of Article 3.2.2.51. or 3.2.2.60, and (iv) 30 min for a building of any other occupancy. (See Note A-3.2.7.4.(1)) (2) If self-contained emergency lighting units are used, they shall conform to CSA C22.2 No. 141, “Emergency lighting equipment.”
3.2.7.5. Emergency Power Supply InstallationCopy link
(1)Except as required by Articles 3.2.7.6. and 3.2.7.7., an emergency electrical power supply system shall be installed in conformance with CSA C282, “Emergency electrical power supply for buildings.” (See Sentence 3.2.7.8.(1) for emergency electrical power supply for voice communication systems.)
(2)Every emergency power supply shall be equipped with an emergency audible and visual trouble indication.
3.2.7.6. Emergency Power for HospitalsCopy link
(1)Except as required by Article 3.2.7.7., an emergency electrical power supply system for emergency equipment required by this Part for health care facilities shall be installed in conformance with CSA Z32, “Electrical safety and essential electrical systems in health care facilities.” (See Note A-3.2.7.6.(1))
3.2.7.7. Fuel Supply Shut-Off Valves and Exhaust PipesCopy link
(1)If a liquid or gas fuel-fired engine or turbine for an emergency electric power supply is dependent on a fuel supply from outside the building, the fuel supply shall be provided with a suitably-identified separate shut-off valve outside the building.
(2)Where pipes for exhaust gases from emergency power systems penetrate required fire separations, they shall be enclosed in a separate service space having a fire-resistance rating equal to that of the penetrated floor assembly, but not less than 45 min.
3.2.7.8. Emergency Power for Fire Alarm SystemsCopy link
(1)Fire alarm systems, including those incorporating a voice communication system, shall be provided with an emergency power supply conforming to Sentences (2) to (4).
(2)The emergency power supply required by Sentence (1) shall be supplied from
(a)a generator,
(b)batteries, or
(c)a combination thereof.
(3)The emergency power supply required by Sentence (1) shall be capable of providing
(a)supervisory power for not less than 24 h, and
(b)immediately following that period, emergency power under full load for not less than
(i)2 h for a building within the scope of Subsection 3.2.6.,
(ii)1 h for a building classified as Group B major occupancy that is not within the scope of Subsection 3.2.6., (ii.1) 1 h for a building that contains a Group C major occupancy retirement home and that is not within the scope of Subsection 3.2.6.,
(iii)1 h for a building within the scope of Article 3.2.2.51. or 3.2.2.60.,
(iv)5 min for a building not required to be equipped with an annunciator, and
(v)30 min for any other building. (See Note A-3.2.7.8.(3))
(4)The emergency power supply required by Sentence (1) shall be designed so that, in the event of a failure of the normal power source, there is an immediate automatic transfer to emergency power with no loss of information.
3.2.7.9. Emergency Power for Building ServicesCopy link
(1)An emergency power supply capable of operating under a full load for not less than 2 h shall be provided by an emergency generator for
(a)every elevator serving storeys above the first storey in a building that is more than 36 m high measured between grade and the floor level of the top storey and every elevator for firefighters in conformance with Sentence (2),
(b)except as provided in Sentence (4), equipment that supplies water for fire suppression as required by Articles 3.2.5.7. and 3.2.5.8. and Sentences 3.2.5.12.(1) and (2) and 3.2.5.18.(1), if the supply depends solely on electrical power supplied to the building,
(c)fans and other electrical equipment that are installed to maintain the air quality specified in Articles 3.2.6.2. and 3.3.3.6.,
(d)fans required for venting by Article 3.2.6.6., and
(e)fans required by Clause 3.2.8.4.(1)(c) and Article 3.2.8.7. in buildings within the scope of Subsection 3.2.6. (See Note A-3.2.7.9.(1))
(2)Except as permitted by Sentence (3), the emergency power supply for elevators required by Clause (1)(a) shall be capable of operating all elevators for firefighters plus one additional elevator simultaneously.
(3)Sentence (2) does not apply if the time to recall all elevators under emergency power supply is not more than 5 min, each from its most remote storey to
(a)the storey containing the entrance for firefighter access referred to in Articles 3.2.5.4 and 3.2.5.5., or
(b)to a transfer lobby.
(4)The emergency power supply required by Clause (1)(b) for the equipment that supplies water for fire suppression need not be provided for sprinkler systems conforming to NFPA 13D, “Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems in One- and Two-Family Dwellings and Manufactured Homes.”
3.2.7.10. Protection of Electrical ConductorsCopy link
(1)The protection of electrical and emergency conductors referred to in Clauses
(a)electrical conductors located within buildings identified in Article 3.2.6.1. serving
(i)fire alarms,
(ii)emergency equipment within the scope of Articles 3.2.6.2. to 3.2.6.8.,
(c)shall conform to the requirements stated in Sentences (2) to (11):
(i)areas of refuge identified in Clause 3.3.3.6.(1)(b), or
(ii)contained use areas referred to in Clauses 3.3.3.7.(4)(a) and (b).
(b)emergency conductors serving fire pumps required to be installed under Article 3.2.5.18., and
(2)Except as otherwise required by Sentence (3) and permitted by this Article, electrical conductors that are used in conjunction with systems identified in Sentence (1) shall
(a)conform to CAN/ULC-S139, “Standard for Fire Test for Circuit Integrity of Fire-Resistive Power, Instrumentation, Control and Data Cables,” including the hose stream application, to provide a circuit integrity rating of not less than 1 h, or (See Note A-3.2.7.10.(2)(a) and (3)(a)) (See also Clause 3.2.6.5.(6)(b))
(b)be located in a service space that is separated from the remainder of the building by a fire separation that has a fire- resistance rating of not less than 1 h.
(3)Electrical conductors identified in Clause (1)(c) shall
(a)conform to CAN/ULC-S139, “Standard for Fire Test for Circuit Integrity of Fire-Resistive Power, Instrumentation, Control and Data Cables,” including the hose stream application, to provide a circuit integrity rating of not less than 2 h, or (See Note A-3.2.7.10.(2)(a) and (3)(a))
(b)the distribution equipment supplying power to the equipment served, if both are in the same room. (See Note A-3.2.7.10.(5)(b)) (6) If a fire alarm transponder or annunciator located in one fire compartment is connected to a central processing unit or another transponder or annunciator located in a different fire compartment, the electrical conductors connecting them shall be protected in accordance with Sentence (2). (7) Fire alarm system branch circuits within a storey that connect transponders and individual devices need not conform to Sentence (2). (See Note A-3.2.7.10.(7)) (8) Except as permitted in Sentence (9), if a distribution panel supplies power to emergency lighting, the power supply conductors leading up to the distribution panel shall be protected in accordance with Sentence (2). (9) Conductors leading from a distribution panel referred to in Sentence (8) to emergency lighting units in the same storey need not conform to Sentence (2). (10) Distribution panels serving emergency lighting units located on other storeys shall be installed in a service room separated from the floor area by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating of at least 1 h. (11) Conductors leading from a distribution panel to emergency lighting units located on other storeys shall be protected in accordance with Sentence (2) between the distribution panel and the floor area where the emergency lighting units are located.
3.2.8. Mezzanines and Openings Through Floor AssembliesCopy link
3.2.8.1. ApplicationCopy link
(1)Except as permitted by Article 3.2.8.2. and Sentence 3.3.4.2.(3), the portions of a floor area or a mezzanine that do not terminate at an exterior wall, a firewall or a vertical shaft shall
(a)terminate at a vertical fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than that required for the floor assembly and extending from the floor assembly to the underside of the floor or roof assembly above, or
(b)be protected in conformance with the requirements of Articles 3.2.8.3. to 3.2.8.8.
(2)The penetration of a floor assembly by an exit or a vertical service space shall conform to the requirements of Sections 3.4., 3.5. and 3.6.
(3)A floor area containing sleeping rooms in a building of Group B, Division 2 major occupancy shall not be constructed as part of an interconnected floor space.
3.2.8.2. Exceptions to Special ProtectionCopy link
(1)A mezzanine need not terminate at a vertical fire separation nor be protected in conformance with the requirements of Articles 3.2.8.3. to 3.2.8.8. provided the mezzanine
(a)it consists of the first storey and the storey next above or below it, but not both,
(b)it is sprinklered throughout or, where the building area is not more than one-half of the area permitted by Subsection 3.2.2., the openings through the floor are used only for stairways, escalators or moving walks, and (See Note A-3.2.8.2.(6)(b))
(c)closely spaced sprinklers and associated draft stops are installed around the openings in conformance with NFPA 13, “Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems,” and
(i)is 500 m² or less in area, and
(ii)conforms to Sentence 3.2.1.1.(3) or (4). (2) Except for floors referred to in Sentence 3.1.10.3.(1) and Article 3.2.1.2., openings through a horizontal fire separation for vehicular ramps in a storage garage are not required to be protected with closures and need not conform to this Subsection. (3) If a closure in an opening in a fire separation would disrupt the nature of a manufacturing process, such as a continuous flow of material from storey to storey, the closure for the opening is permitted to be omitted provided precautions are taken to offset the resulting hazard. (See Note A-3.2.8.2.(3)) (4) An interconnected floor space in a Group B, Division 1 occupancy need not conform to the requirements of Articles 3.2.8.3. to 3.2.8.8. provided the interconnected floor space does not interconnect more than 2 adjacent storeys. (5) Except as permitted by Sentence (6), openings for escalators and inclined moving walks need not conform to the requirements in Articles 3.2.8.3. to 3.2.8.8. provided
(d)the interconnected floor space contains only Group A, Division 1, 2 or 3, Group D or Group E occupancies. (See Note A-3.2.8.2.(6)(c)) (6) An interconnected floor space need not conform to the requirements of Articles 3.2.8.3. to 3.2.8.8. provided
3.2.8.3. SprinklersCopy link
(1)A building containing an interconnected floor space shall be sprinklered throughout.
(2)Except for large floor openings as defined in NFPA 13, “Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems,” closely spaced sprinklers and associated draft stops shall be installed around floor openings in conformance with NFPA 13.
3.2.8.4. VestibulesCopy link
(1)An exit opening into an interconnected floor space shall be protected at each opening into the interconnected floor space by a vestibule
(a)with doorways that are not less than 1.8 m apart,
(b)that is separated from the remainder of the floor area by a fire separation that is not required to have a fire- resistance rating, and (See Note A-3.1.8.1.(1)(b))
(c)that is designed to limit the passage of smoke so that the exit stair shaft does not contain more than 1% by volume of contaminated air from the fire floor, assuming an outdoor temperature equal to the January design temperature on a 2.5% basis determined in accordance with MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-1, “Climatic and Seismic Data.” (See Note A-3.2.8.4.(1)(c))
(2)An exit opening into an interconnected floor space shall conform to Sentence 3.4.3.2.(6).
(3)If an elevator hoistway opens into an interconnected floor space and into storeys above the interconnected floor space, either the elevator doors opening into the interconnected floor space or the elevator doors opening into the storeys above the interconnected floor space shall be protected by vestibules conforming to Sentence (1).
3.2.8.5. Protected Floor SpaceCopy link
(1)A protected floor space used to satisfy the requirements of Clause 3.4.3.2.(6)(b) shall
(a)be separated from the interconnected floor space by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than that required for the floor assembly of the storey in which it is located,
(b)have all openings in the vertical fire separation between a protected floor space and the adjacent interconnected floor space protected by vestibules conforming to Sentence 3.2.8.4.(1), and
(c)be designed so that it is not necessary to enter the interconnected floor space to reach an exit.
3.2.8.6. Draft StopsCopy link
(1)A draft stop shall be provided at each floor level within an interconnected floor space, immediately adjacent to and surrounding the opening, and shall be not less than 500 mm deep measured from ceiling level down to the underside of the draft stop.
3.2.8.7. Mechanical Exhaust SystemCopy link
(1)A mechanical exhaust system shall be provided to remove air from an interconnected floor space at a rate of 4 air changes per hour. (See Note A-3.2.8.7.(1))
(2)The mechanical exhaust system required by Sentence (1) shall be actuated by a switch located on the storey containing the entrance for firefighter access referred to in Articles 3.2.5.4. and 3.2.5.5. near the annunciator for the fire alarm system.
3.2.8.8. Combustible Content LimitsCopy link
(1)An interconnected floor space shall be designed so that the combustible contents, excluding interior finishes, in those parts of a floor area in which the ceiling is more than 8 m above the floor, are limited to not more than 16 g of combustible material for each cubic metre of volume of the interconnected floor space.
3.2.9. Testing of Integrated Fire Protection and Life Safety SystemsCopy link
3.2.9.1. TestingCopy link
(1)Where fire protection and life safety systems, and systems with fire protection and life safety functions, are integrated with each other, the systems shall be tested as a whole in accordance with CAN/ULC-S1001, “Standard for Integrated Systems Testing of Fire Protection and Life Safety Systems”, to verify that they have been properly integrated. (See Note A-3.2.9.1.(1))
Section 3.3 Safety Within Floor Areas (See Note A-3.3.)Copy link
3.3.1. All Floor AreasCopy link
3.3.1.1. Separation of SuitesCopy link
(1)Except as permitted by Sentences (2) and (3), each suite in other than business and personal services occupancies shall be separated from adjoining suites by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h. (See also Subsection 3.3.3. for care, care and treatment or detention occupancies, Article 3.3.4.2. for residential occupancies, and Article 3.1.8.7. for fire dampers.)
(2)The fire-resistance rating of the fire separation required by Sentence (1) is permitted to be less than 1 h but not less than 45 min provided the fire-resistance rating required by Subsection 3.2.2. is permitted to be less than 1 h for
(a)the floor assembly above the floor area, or
(b)the floor assembly below the floor area, if there is no floor assembly above.
(3)Occupancies that are served by public corridors conforming to Clause 3.3.1.4.(4)(b) in a building that is sprinklered throughout, are not required to be separated from one another by fire separations provided the occupancies are
(a)suites of business and personal services occupancy,
(b)fast food vending operations that do not provide seating for customers,
(c)suites of mercantile occupancy, or
(d)any combination of these occupancies.
3.3.1.2. Hazardous Substances, Equipment and ProcessesCopy link
(1)Except as provided in Subsections 3.3.5. and 3.3.6., the storage, handling and use of the hazardous substances shall be in conformance with
(a)the Fire Code made under the Fire Protection and Prevention Act, 1997, or
(b)the CCBFC NRCC-CONST-56437E, “National Fire Code of Canada,” in the absence of regulations referred to in Clause (a). (See Note A-3.3.1.2.(1))
(2)Systems for the ventilation of cooking equipment that is not within a dwelling unit and is used in processes producing grease-laden vapours shall be designed and installed in conformance with Articles 3.6.3.5., 6.3.1.6. and 6.9.1.3. (See Note A-3.3.1.2.(2))
(3)A fuel-fired appliance shall not be installed in a corridor serving as an access to exit.
3.3.1.3. Means of EgressCopy link
(1)Access to exit within floor areas shall conform to Subsections 3.3.2. to 3.3.5., in addition to the requirements of this Subsection.
(2)If a podium, terrace, platform or contained open space is provided, egress requirements shall conform to the appropriate requirements of Sentence 3.3.1.5.(1) for rooms and suites.
(3)Means of egress shall be provided from every roof that is intended for occupancy, and from every podium, terrace, platform or contained open space.
(4)At least two separate means of egress shall be provided from a roof, used or intended for an occupant load more than 60, to stairs designed in conformance with the requirements regarding exit stairs stated in Section 3.4.
(5)A rooftop enclosure shall be provided with an access to exit that leads to an exit
(a)at the roof level, or
(b)on the storey immediately below the roof.
(6)A rooftop enclosure which is more than 200 m² in area shall be provided with at least 2 means of egress.
(7)Two points of egress shall be provided for a service space referred to in Sentence 3.2.1.1.(8) if
(a)the area is more than 200 m², or
(b)the travel distance measured from any point in the service space to a point of egress is more than 25 m.
(8)Except as required by Sentence 3.3.4.4.(8) and permitted by Sentences 3.3.4.4.(5) and (6), each suite in a floor area that contains more than one suite shall have
(a)an exterior exit doorway, or
(b)a doorway,
(i)into a public corridor, or
(ii)to an exterior passageway.
(9)Except as permitted by this Section and by Sentence 3.4.2.1.(2), at the point where a doorway referred to in Sentence (8) opens onto a public corridor or exterior passageway, it shall be possible to go in opposite directions to each of 2 separate exits.
(10)Means of egress from a roof for personnel servicing roof top equipment or for a below ground service room that is not normally occupied, is permitted to be provided by stairways or fixed ladders.
3.3.1.4. Public Corridor SeparationsCopy link
(1)Except as otherwise required by this Part or as permitted by Sentence (4), a public corridor shall be separated from the remainder of the storey by a fire separation.
(2)Except as permitted by Sentence (3) and Clauses (4)(a) and (b), the fire separation between a public corridor and the remainder of the storey shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min.
(3)If a storey is sprinklered throughout, no fire-resistance rating is required for a fire separation between a public corridor and the remainder of the storey, provided the corridor does not serve a care, care and treatment, detention or residential occupancy. (See Note A-3.1.8.1.(1)(b))
(4)No fire separation is required in a sprinklered floor area between a public corridor and
(a)except as required by Sentences 3.3.3.5.(9) and 3.3.4.2.(1) and notwithstanding Sentence 3.4.2.4.(2), the remainder of a storey, provided the travel distance from any part of the floor area to an exit is not more than 45 m.,
(b)a room or suite, provided the public corridor complies with Sentence 3.3.1.9.(4) and Clause 3.4.2.5.(1)(d), or
(c)a space containing plumbing fixtures required by Subsection 3.7.4. provided the space and the public corridor are separated from the remainder of the storey by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than that required between the public corridor and the remainder of the storey.
3.3.1.5. Egress DoorwaysCopy link
(1)Except for dwelling units, a minimum of 2 egress doorways located so that one doorway could provide egress from the room or suite as required by Article 3.3.1.3. if the other doorway becomes inaccessible to the occupants due to a fire that originates in the room or suite, shall be provided for every room and every suite
(a)whose area is more than 15 m² and is used for
(i)a high-hazard industrial occupancy, or
(ii)a hazardous room,
(b)intended for an occupant load more than 60,
(c)in a floor area that is not sprinklered throughout and
(i)the area of a room or suite is more than the value in Table 3.3.1.5.-A, or
(ii)the travel distance within the room or suite to the nearest egress doorway, is more than the value in Table 3.3.1.5.-A,
(d)in a floor area that is sprinklered throughout and does not contain a high-hazard industrial occupancy and
(i)the travel distance to an egress doorway is more than 25 m, or
(ii)the area of the room or suite is more than the value in Table 3.3.1.5.-B, or
(e)where the area of the room is more than 100 m² and it is a hazardous classroom in elementary or secondary school. (2) Where 2 egress doorways are required by Sentence (1), they shall be placed at a distance from one another equal to or greater than one third of the maximum overall diagonal dimension of the area to be served, measured as the shortest distance that smoke would have to travel between the nearest required egress doors. Table 3.3.1.5.-A Egress in Floor Area Not Sprinklered Throughout Forming Part of Sentence 3.3.1.5.(1)
(3)Every room containing an assembly occupancy serving a hotel, and located in the building containing the hotel, shall be provided with no fewer than
(a)three separate egress doorways from the room where the occupant load is more than 600 persons, and
(b)four separate egress doorways from the room where the occupant load is more than 1 000 persons
(4)Each egress doorway in Sentence (4) shall be considered as contributing not more than,
(a)one-third of the required width where three egress doorways are required, and
(b)one-fourth of the required width where four egress doorways are required.
3.3.1.6. Travel DistanceCopy link
(1)If more than one egress doorway is required from a room or suite referred to in Article 3.3.1.5., the travel distance within the room or suite to the nearest egress doorway shall not exceed the maximum travel distances specified in Clauses 3.4.2.5.(1)(a), (b),
(c)and
(f)for exits.
3.3.1.7. Protection on Floor Areas with a Barrier-Free Path of TravelCopy link
(1)Except as provided in Sentences (1.1) and (1.2), every floor area above or below the first storey that has a barrier- free path of travel shall
(a)be served by an elevator
(i)conforming to Sentences 3.2.6.5.(4) to (6),
(ii)protected against fire in conformance with Clause 3.2.6.5.(3)(b) or (c), and
(iii)in a building over 3 storeys in building height, protected against smoke movement so that the hoistway will not contain more than 1% by volume of contaminated air from a fire floor during a period of 2 h after the start of a fire, assuming an outdoor temperature equal to the January design temperature on a 2.5% basis determined in conformance with MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-1, “Climatic and Seismic Data,” or
(b)be divided into at least 2 zones by fire separations conforming to Sentences (2) and (3) and 3.1.8.5.(6) so that, (See Note A-3.3.1.7.(1)(b))
(i)persons with physical disabilities can be accommodated in each zone,
(ii)the travel distance from any point in one zone to a doorway leading to another zone shall be not more than the value for travel distance permitted by Sentence 3.4.2.5.(1) for the occupancy classification of the zone, and
(iii)a b arrier-free path of travel is provided to an exit. (See Note A-3.3.1.7.(1)) (1.1) In residential occupancies, the requirements of Sentence (1) are waived if a balcony conforming to Sentence (4) is provided for each suite, except for suites on the storey containing the barrier-free entrance described in Article 3.8.1.2. (1.2) The requirements of Sentences (1) and (1.1) are waived when the building is sprinklered throughout.
(2)Except as permitted by Sentence (3), the fire separations referred to in Clause (1)(b) shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h.
(3)The fire-resistance rating of the fire separations referred to in Clause (1)(b) is permitted to be less than 1 h but not less than 45 min provided the fire-resistance rating required by Subsection 3.2.2. is permitted to be less than 1 h for
(a)the floor assembly above the floor area, or
(b)the floor assembly below the floor area, if there is no floor assembly above.
(4)A balcony required by Sentence (1.1) shall
(a)be provided with a doorway having a clear width of not less that 800 mm when the door is in the open position,
(b)have no projection above the walking surface more than 13 mm,
(c)be not less than 1.5 m deep from the outside face of the exterior wall to the inside edge of the balcony, and
(d)provide not less than 0.5 m² for each occupant of the suite.
3.3.1.8. Headroom and Protruding ObjectsCopy link
(1)Except within the floor area of a storage garage, the minimum headroom clearance in every access to exit shall conform to the requirements of Article 3.4.3.4. for exits. (See also Sentence 3.3.5.4.(5))
(2)Except as permitted by Sentence (3) and except for paths of travel in service rooms and dwelling units, protruding building elements located within 1 980 mm of the floor shall not project more than 100 mm horizontally into paths of travel in a manner that would create a hazard. (See Note A-3.3.1.8.(2) and (3))
(3)The horizontal projection of a protruding building element referred to in Sentence (2) is permitted to be more than 100 mm, provided the clearance between the protruding element and the floor is less than 680 mm. (See Note A- 3.3.1.8.(2) and (3))
3.3.1.9. CorridorsCopy link
(1)The minimum width of a public corridor shall be 1 100 mm.
(2)Except as required by Sentences 3.3.3.3.(2) and (3), the minimum unobstructed width shall be 1 100 mm for every
(a)corridor used by the public,
(b)corridor serving classrooms, and
(c)corridor in a Group B, Division 2 or 3 occupancy where the corridor
(i)serves a service room,
(ii)serves an administrative area,
(iii)will not be used by non-ambulatory outpatients, or
(iv)will not be used by non-ambulatory residents.
(3)If a corridor contains an occupancy, the occupancy shall not reduce the unobstructed width of the corridor to less than its required width.
(4)If a public corridor conforming to Clause 3.4.2.5.(1)(d) contains an occupancy,
(a)the occupancy shall be located so that for pedestrian travel there is an unobstructed width not less than 3 m at all times adjacent and parallel to all rooms and suites that front onto the public corridor, and
(b)the combined area of all occupancies in the public corridor shall be not more than 15% of the area of the public corridor.
(5)Except as provided in Sentence 3.3.3.3.(1), a dead-end corridor shall conform to Sentences (6) to (12).
(6)A dead-end corridor is permitted in an assembly occupancy where there is a second and separate egress doorway from each room or suite not leading into a dead-end corridor.
(7)Except as provided in Sentence 3.3.4.11.(10) and except for corridors served by a single exit as described in Sentence 3.3.4.4.(6), a dead-end public corridor is permitted in a residential occupancy provided it is not more than 6 m long.
(8)Dead-end corridors in Sentence (9) shall contain no door openings to service rooms containing fuel-fired appliances or rooms that may be considered a hazard.
(9)A dead-end public corridor is permitted in a business and personal services occupancy where
(a)the dead-end corridor
(i)serves an occupant load of not more than 30 persons,
(ii)is not more than 9 m long, and
(iii)is provided with doors having self-closing devices, or
(b)there is a second and separate egress doorway from each room or suite not leading into a dead-end corridor.
(10)A dead-end corridor is permitted in a mercantile occupancy where
(a)the dead-end corridor
(i)serves an occupant load of not more than 30 persons,
(ii)is not more than 9 m long, and
(iii)is provided with doors having self-closing devices, or
(b)there is a second and separate egress doorway from each room or suite not leading into a dead-end corridor.
(11)A dead-end corridor is permitted in a low- or medium-hazard industrial occupancy where
(a)the dead-end corridor
(i)serves an occupant load of not more than 30 persons,
(ii)is not more than 9 m long, and
(iii)is provided with doors having self-closing devices, or
(b)there is a second and separate egress doorway from each room or suite not leading into a dead-end corridor.
(12)A dead-end corridor is permitted in a high-hazard industrial occupancy where there is a second and separate egress doorway from each room or suite not leading into a dead-end corridor.
3.3.1.10. AislesCopy link
(1)Except as otherwise required by this Section, aisles shall be provided in conformance with the Fire Code made under the Fire Protection and Prevention Act, 1997.
3.3.1.11. Door SwingCopy link
(1)Except as permitted by Sentence (5) and Article 3.3.1.12., a door that opens into a corridor or other facility providing access to exit from a suite or room not located within a suite, shall swing on a vertical axis.
(2)Except as permitted by Article 3.3.1.12., a door that opens into a corridor or other facility providing access to exit from a room or suite shall swing in the direction of travel to the exit if the room or suite is used or intended for
(a)an occupant load more than 60,
(b)a high-hazard industrial occupancy, or
(c)a hazardous classroom in an elementary or secondary school.
(3)Every door that divides a corridor that is not wholly contained within a suite shall swing on a vertical axis in the direction of travel to the exit where the corridor provides access to exit for
(a)an occupant load more than 60,
(b)a high-hazard industrial occupancy,
(c)a hazardous classroom in an elementary or secondary school,
(d)a Group B, Division 2 or 3 occupancy, or
(e)a retirement home.
(4)If a pair of doors is installed in a corridor that provides access to exit in both directions, the doors shall swing in opposite directions, with the door on the right hand side swinging in the direction of travel to the exit.
(5)Doors that serve individual storage spaces not more than 28 m² in area in self-service storage buildings need not conform to Sentence (1).
3.3.1.12. Sliding DoorsCopy link
(1)Except as permitted by Sentences (2) and 3.3.1.11.(5), a sliding door provided in the locations described in Article 3.3.1.11. shall
(a)be designed and installed to swing on the vertical axis in the direction of travel to the exit when pressure is applied, and
(b)be identified as a swinging door by means of a label or decal affixed to it.
(2)In a Group B, Division 1 occupancy, or in an impeded egress zone in other occupancies, sliding doors used in an access to exit need not conform to Sentence (1) and Article 3.3.1.11.
(3)Movable partitions used to separate a public corridor from an adjacent business and personal services occupancy or a mercantile occupancy need not conform to Sentence (1) and Sentences 3.3.1.11.(1) and (2) provided the partitions are not located in the only means of egress. (See Note A-3.3.1.12.(3))
3.3.1.13. Doors and Door Hardware (See also Sentence 3.8.3.6.(17))Copy link
(1)Except as required by Article 3.3.3.4. and Sentences 3.3.4.11.(11), 3.8.3.3.(1) and (2), a door that opens into or is located within a public corridor or other facility that provides access to exit from a suite shall
(a)provide a clear opening of not less than 850 mm, if there is only one door leaf,
(b)in a doorway with multiple leaves, have the active leaf providing a clear opening of not less than 850 mm,
(c)not open onto a step, and
(d)have a threshold more than 13 mm higher than the floor surface, except where
(i)the threshold is used to contain spillage, or
(ii)the doorway provides access to an exterior balcony, other than a balcony required by Sentence 3.3.1.7.(2).
(2)Except as provided in Sentences (6) and (7), a door in an access to exit shall be readily openable in travelling to an exit without requiring keys, special devices or specialized knowledge of the door opening mechanism.
(3)Except as permitted by Sentence (4), door release hardware shall be operable by one hand and the door shall be openable with not more than one releasing operation. (See also Sentence 3.8.3.6.(4))
(4)Except in a retirement home, an egress door from an individual dwelling unit or from a suite of residential occupancy is permitted to be provided with additional devices that require a releasing operation additional to the main door release hardware, provided the devices are readily operable from the inside without the use of keys, special devices or specialized knowledge. (See Note A-3.3.1.13.(4))
(5)Door release hardware shall be installed not more than 900 mm and 1 100 mm above the finished floor.
(6)An egress door in an access to exit serving a contained use area or an impeded egress zone is permitted to be equipped with locking devices, provided they can be released either locally or remotely in conformance with Sentence (8) or (9). (See Note A-3.3.1.13.(6))
(7)A door in an access to exit is permitted to be equipped with an electromagnetic locking device conforming to Sentence 3.4.6.16.(5), except that this permission does not apply to a door
(a)in an elementary or secondary school,
(b)a door leading from a Group F, Division 1 occupancy, or
(c)except as provided in Sentence (11), requiring a latch release device by Article 3.3.2.6.
(8)Local locking devices permitted by Sentence (6) shall be operable by a key from both sides of the door.
(9)Controls for the remote release of door locking devices permitted by Sentence (6) shall be located in an area readily available to security personnel.
(10)Locking devices permitted by Sentence (6) that are electrically operated shall be
(a)designed to operate on emergency power, and
(b)capable of manual release by security personnel.
(11)A door in an access to exit in a gaming premise is permitted to be equipped with an electromagnetic locking device conforming to Sentences 3.4.6.16.(5) and (8).
3.3.1.14. Ramps and StairwaysCopy link
(1)Except as permitted by Sentence (2), Article 3.3.4.7. and Subsection 3.3.2., ramps and stairways that do not serve as exits shall conform to the requirements for exit ramps and stairways stated in Sentence 3.4.3.2.(8) and Articles 3.4.3.4., and 3.4.6.1. to 3.4.6.9.
(2)Ramp s and stairways that serve service rooms, service spaces or industrial occupancies need not comply with Sentence (1), provided
(a)they are intended only for occasional use for servicing equipment and machinery, and
(b)they do not serve as exits.
3.3.1.15. Exterior PassagewaysCopy link
(1)An exterior passageway leading to a required exit shall conform to the requirements of Section 3.4. for exterior exit passageways.
3.3.1.16. Tapered Treads in a Curved FlightCopy link
(1)Flights of stairs shall consist solely of
(a)straight flights, or
(b)curved flights complying with Sentence (2).
(2)Tapered treads in a curved flight that is not required as an exit shall have
(a)a minimum run of 150 mm,
(b)a run not less than 280 mm when measured at a point 300 mm from the centre line of the handrail at the narrow end of the tread, and
(c)a riser conforming to Sentence 3.4.6.8.(2).
(3)Tapered treads shall have a consistent angle and uniform run and rise dimensions in accordance with the construction tolerances described in Article 3.4.6.8. when measured at a point 300 mm from the centre line of the handrail at the narrow end of the tread.
(4)All tapered treads within a flight shall turn in the same direction.
3.3.1.17. Capacity of Access to Exits (See Article 3.3.1.9. for minimum widths of corridors.)Copy link
(1)The capacity of an access to exit shall be based on the occupant load of the portion of the floor area served.
(2)In an access to exit the required width of ramps with a slope not more than 1 in 8, doorways, and corridors shall be based on not less than 6.1 mm per person.
(3)In an access to exit the required width of a ramp with a slope more than 1 in 8 shall be based on not less than 9.2 mm per person.
(4)In an access to exit from a floor area used or intended to be used for patients or residents in a Group B, Division 2 or Division 3 occupancy, the required width of corridors, doorways, and ramps shall be based on not less than 18.4 mm per person.
(5)The capacity of stairs in an access to exit shall conform to the requirements for stairs in Sentences 3.4.3.2.(1) to (3).
(6)In a building that is not sprinklered throughout in accordance with Sentence 3.2.5.12.(1), an access to exit that is part of the principal entrance serving a dance hall or a licensed beverage establishment with an occupant load more than 250 shall be at least one-half of the required exit width.
3.3.1.18. GuardsCopy link
(1)Except as provided in Sentences (5) and (6) and Articles 3.3.2.9. and 3.3.4.7., a guard not less than 1 070 mm high shall be provided
(a)around each roof to which access is provided for other than maintenance,
(b)at openings into smoke shafts referred to in Subsection 3.2.6. that are less than 1 070 mm above the floor, and
(c)at each raised floor, mezzanine, balcony, gallery, interior or exterior vehicular ramp, and at other locations where (See Note A-9.8.8.1.)
(i)the difference in level is more than 600 mm between the walking surface and the adjacent surface, or
(ii)the adjacent surface within 1.2 m of the walking surface has a slope of more than 1 in 2, and
(d)except as provided in Sentence (6), around each skylight located in a portion of a roof that is intended to be occupied.
(2)Except as provided in Sentences (3) and 3.3.2.9.(4), openings through any guard that is required by Sentence (1) shall be of a size that will prevent the passage of a sphere having a diameter more than 100 mm unless it can be shown that the location and size of openings that exceed this limit do not represent a hazard. (2.1) Except as permitted by Sentence 3.3.5.10.(1), openings through any guard that is required by Sentence (1) and that is installed in a building of industrial occupancy shall be of a size which will prevent the passage of a sphere having a diameter more than 200 mm unless it can be shown that the location and size of openings that exceed this limit do not represent a hazard.
(3)Openings through any guard that is not required by Sentence (1) and that serves a building of other than industrial occupancy, shall be of a size that
(a)will prevent the passage of a sphere having a diameter more than 100 mm, or
(b)will permit the passage of a sphere having a diameter more than 200 mm unless it can be shown that the location and size of openings that exceed these limits do not represent a hazard. (See Note A-9.8.8.5.(4))
(4)Unless it can be shown that the location and size of openings do not present a hazard, a guard shall be designed so that no member, attachment or opening located between 140 mm and 900 mm above the level protected by the guard will facilitate climbing.
(5)Sentence (1) does not apply
(a)to the front edges of stages,
(b)to loading docks,
(c)to floor pits in repair garages, or
(d)where access is provided for maintenance purposes only.
(6)Clause (1)(d) does not apply to a skylight that
(a)is designed to support the loads specified in Part 4, or
(b)is provided with a skylight screen that
(i)has openings not more than 100 mm wide, and
(ii)can resist a concentrated load of 1.3 kN applied perpendicular at any point on the screen, without the deflection from this loading resulting in the breakage of the skylight glazing.
3.3.1.19. Tactile Walking Surface IndicatorsCopy link
(1)Except as provided in Sentence (2), tactile attention indicators conforming to Article 3.8.3.18., shall be installed
(a)at the top of flights of stairs that are unenclosed, and
(b)at drop-off edges with a change in elevation greater than 300 mm that are unprotected by a guard. (See Note A-3.3.1.19.(1))
(2)Sentence (1) does not apply to service spaces, bleachers addressed in Subsection 3.3.2., stages, loading docks, industrial occupancies, within dwelling units, and to stairs and drop-off edges serving not more than two dwelling units.
3.3.1.20. Transparent Doors and PanelsCopy link
(1)Except for dwelling units and as permitted by Sentence (5), a glass or transparent door shall be designed and constructed so that the existence and position of the door is readily apparent, by attaching visually contrasting hardware, bars or other permanent fixtures to it.
(2)Fully glazed transparent doors, and fully glazed transparent sidelights and panels with widths greater than 300 mm, shall be marked in conformance with Sentence 3.8.3.3.(15).
(3)A glass door shall be constructed of
(a)laminated or tempered safety glazing conforming to CAN/CGSB-12.1, “Safety Glazing,” or
(b)wired glass conforming to CAN/CGSB-12.11-M, “Wired Safety Glass.”
(4)Except as permitted by Sentence (5), transparent panels used in an access to exit that, because of their physical configuration or design, could be mistaken as a means of egress shall be made inaccessible by barriers or railings.
(5)Sliding glass partitions that separate a public corridor from an adjacent occupancy and that are open during normal working hours need not conform to Sentences (1) and (4), provided the partitions are suitably marked in conformance with Sentence (2) to indicate their existence and position.
(6)Glass in a vision panel in a door or in a transparent sidelight shall conform to Sentence 3.8.3.3.(14).
(7)Glass in doors and glass sidelights that could be mistaken for doors, within or at the entrances to dwelling units and in public areas, shall conform to the requirements of Article 9.6.1.4.
(8)A window in a public area that extends to less than 1 000 mm above the floor and is located above the second storey in a building of residential occupancy, shall be protected by a barrier or railing from the floor to not less than 1 070 mm above the floor, or the window shall be non-openable and designed to withstand the lateral design loads for balcony guards required by Article 4.1.5.14.
3.3.1.21. Exhaust Ventilation and Explosion VentingCopy link
(1)Except as provided in Sentence (2), an exhaust ventilation system designed in conformance with the appropriate requirements of Part 6 shall be provided in a building or part of a building in which dust, fumes, gases, vapour or other impurities or contaminants have the potential to create a fire or explosion hazard. (See also Article 4.2.4.13.)
(2)Where a fire separation required to have a fire-resistance rating is penetrated by a ventilation system required by Sentence (1) for power-ventilated enclosures in laboratories, the ducts shall be
(a)continuously enclosed from the first penetrated fire separation to any subsequent fire separations or concealed spaces and all the way through to the outdoors so that the highest fire-resistance rating of all the penetrated fire separations is maintained, and
(b)exempted from the requirement to be equipped with a fire damper, smoke damper and combination smoke/ fire damper as stated in Article 3.1.8.7.
(3)Explosion relief devices, vents or other protective measures conforming to Subsection 6.3.1. and Article 6.9.1.2. shall be provided for a space in which substances or conditions that have the potential to create an explosion hazard are present as a result of the principal use of a building.
3.3.1.22. Janitors’ RoomsCopy link
(1)Except as permitted by Sentences (2) and (3), a room or space within a floor area for the storage of janitorial supplies shall be separated from the remainder of the building by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h.
(2)The fire-resistance rating of the fire separation required by Sentence (1) is permitted to be less than 1 h but not less than 45 min provided the fire-resistance rating required by Subsection 3.2.2. is permitted to be less than 1 h for
(a)the floor assembly above the floor area, or
(b)the floor assembly below the floor area, if there is no floor assembly above.
(3)The fire separation required by Sentence (1) is not required to have a fire-resistance rating if the floor area in which the room or space is located is sprinklered throughout.
3.3.1.23. Common Laundry RoomsCopy link
(1)Except as permitted by Sentences (2) and (3), in a building of residential occupancy, a laundry room in a floor area that is not within a dwelling unit shall be separated from the remainder of the building by a fire separation having a fire- resistance rating not less than 1 h.
(2)The fire-resistance rating of the fire separation required by Sentence (1) is permitted to be less than 1 h but not less than 45 min provided the fire-resistance rating required by Subsection 3.2.2. is permitted to be less than 1 h for
(a)the floor assembly above the floor area, or
(b)the floor assembly below the floor area, if there is no floor assembly above.
(3)The fire separation required by Sentence (1) is not required to have a fire-resistance rating if the floor area in which the laundry room is located is sprinklered throughout.
3.3.1.24. ObstructionsCopy link
(1)No obstruction shall be permitted in any occupancy that would restrict the width of a normal means of egress from any part of a floor area to less than 750 mm unless an alternative means of egress is provided adjacent to, accessible from, and plainly visible from the obstructed means of egress. (See Note A-3.3.1.24.(1))
3.3.1.25. Signs in Service SpacesCopy link
(1)Illuminated signs conforming to Sentence 3.4.5.1.(2) and (6) shall be provided to indicate the direction to egress points in a service space referred to in Sentence 3.2.1.1.(8).
3.3.1.26. Welding and CuttingCopy link
(1)Except as provided in Sentence (2), welding and cutting operations shall be carried out in a room
(a)separated from the remainder of the building by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h, or
(b)protected by an automatic fire extinguishing system.
(2)Sentence (1) shall not apply to industrial occupancies where the welding and cutting operations do not present a fire or explosion hazard to adjacent areas.
3.3.2. Assembly OccupancyCopy link
3.3.2.1. ScopeCopy link
(1)This Subsection applies to assembly occupancies and to outdoor places of assembly.
3.3.2.2. Fire SeparationsCopy link
(1)Except as permitted by Sentence (2), the seating area of a Group A, Division 1 occupancy shall be separated from adjacent occupancies in the floor area by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h if the occupant load in the seating area exceeds 200.
(2)The fire-resistance rating of the fire separation required by Sentence (1) is permitted to be less than 1 h but not less than 45 min provided the fire-resistance rating required by Subsection 3.2.2. is permitted to be less than 1 h for
(a)the floor assembly above the floor area, or
(b)the floor assembly below the floor area, if there is no floor assembly above.
(3)If usable space exists under tiers of seats in arena-type buildings, a fire separation with a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min shall be provided between the space and the seats or the space shall be sprinklered.
(4)Except as required in Sentences (5) to (7), in an elementary or secondary school, a hazardous classroom shall be separated from the remainder of the building by a fire-separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than
(a)1 h where the building is not sprinklered, or
(b)30 min where the building is sprinklered throughout .
(5)Except as provided in Sentence (6), in an elementary or secondary school, a hazardous classroom containing an auto repair shop shall be separated from the remainder of the building by a fire-separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than
(a)2 h where the building is not sprinklered, or
(b)1 h where the building is sprinklered throughout .
(6)In an elementary or secondary school, if there is a group of hazardous classrooms or a group of hazardous classrooms and ancillary rooms of a complementary use, the fire separation required by Sentence (4) or (5) need not be provided within the group but the fire separation is required between the group and the remainder of the building.
(7)In an elementary or secondary school, a hazardous classroom containing a spray painting operation shall be separated from the remainder of the building by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than
(a)2 h, or
(b)1 h where the spray painting operation is separated from the classroom by a fire-separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h.
(8)Except as required in Sentence (9), in an elementary or secondary school, where the occupant load of a room exceeds 200 persons, the room and any ancillary rooms of a complementary use shall be separated from the remainder of the building by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than
(a)1 h where the building is not sprinklered, or
(b)30 min where the building is sprinklered throughout .
(9)A kitchen shall not be located within the fire compartment required in Sentence (8).
3.3.2.3. ReservedCopy link
3.3.2.4. Fixed SeatsCopy link
(1)Except for the requirements of Article 3.3.2.8. for bench-type seats and except as required or permitted by Sentence (2) and Articles 3.3.2.11. and 3.3.2.12., fixed seats in places of assembly shall be
(a)attached or secured to the floor, platform or platform riser,
(b)provided with arms and back, and
(c)arranged in rows having an unobstructed passage not less than 400 mm wide measured horizontally between plumb lines from the backs of the seats in one row and the edges of the furthest forward projection of the seats in the next row in the unoccupied position.
(2)For fixed seats with backs and with folding tablet arms, the value of 400 mm required by Clause (1)(c) shall be measured when the tablet arms are in the use position, but is permitted to be measured in the stored position provided
(a)there are not more than 7 seats between any seat and the nearest aisle,
(b)the seats are located in a lecture hall or an auditorium used for instructional purposes, and
(c)the tablet arm, when raised manually to a vertical position, falls by the force of gravity to the stored position. (See Note A-3.3.2.4.(2))
(3)Except as permitted by Sentences (4) and (5), aisles shall be located so that there are not more than 7 seats with backs or 20 seats without backs between any seat and the nearest aisle.
(4)The requirements of Sentence (3) do not apply if
(a)egress doorways are provided to serve both ends of rows of seats,
(b)each doorway referred to in Clause (a) serves not more than 3 rows of seats, and
(c)each row contains not more than 100 seats.
(5)The requirements of Sentence (3) do not apply if
(a)there are not more than 7 seats between any seat and the nearest aisle, where the seats are served by a single aisle,
(b)there are not more than 20 seats between any seat and the nearest aisle, where the seats are served by two aisles,
(c)each row has an unobstructed passage with minimum width of 400 mm plus 6.1 mm for each additional seat above 16 seats in the row, and
(d)the travel distance is not more than 45 m measured along the path of travel from any seat to an exit or to an egress doorway.
(6)Seating arrangements that do not conform to the requirements of Sentences (3) to (5) are permitted provided the standard of safety is not reduced and the time required for egress is not increased.
3.3.2.5. AislesCopy link
(1)Except as required by Articles, 3.3.2.11. and 3.3.2.12., aisles leading to egress doors or exits shall be provided in conformance with Sentences (2) to (27) in places of assembly that contain fixed seats.
(2)In this Subsection, a converging aisle is an aisle into which the occupants of two or more aisles converge in travelling to an exit.
(3)An aisle shall terminate at
(a)a converging aisle,
(b)an egress doorway from the seating area, or
(c)an exit from the seating area.
(4)A converging aisle shall terminate at
(a)an egress doorway from the seating area, or
(b)an exit from the seating area.
(5)The minimum clear width of aisles shall be not less than 1 100 mm, except that the width is permitted to be reduced to not less than
(a)750 mm if serving not more than 60 seats, and
(b)900 mm if serving seats on one side only.
(6)The minimum clear width of each aisle shall be measured at the point in the aisle furthest from
(a)an egress doorway referred to in Clause (15)(a),
(b)an exit referred to in Clause (15)(b), or
(c)an exit referred to in Sentence (16).
(7)Except for an aisle serving bleacher seats, where rows of seats discharge into an aisle, the minimum clear width required by Sentence (5) shall be increased by 25 mm for each metre of length of the aisle measured in the direction towards an exit.
(8)The width of a converging aisle shall be not less than the required width of the widest aisle plus 50% of the total required width of the remaining aisles that it serves.
(9)If rows of seats discharge directly into the converging aisle, the width required by Sentence (8) shall be increased by 25 mm for each metre of length of the aisle where the rows of seats discharge into the aisle.
(10)The width of an egress doorway or an exit leading directly from the seating area shall be not less than the required width of the widest aisle or converging aisle plus 50% of the total required width of the remaining aisles and converging aisles that it serves.
(11)The requirements in Sentences (5) to (10) and (17) do not apply if
(a)the minimum clear width of an aisle is in accordance with Article 3.3.1.17., but is not less than 900 mm if serving seats on one side only,
(b)the minimum clear width of an aisle is in accordance with Article 3.3.1.17., but is not less than 1 200 mm if serving seats on both sides,
(c)the minimum clear width of a converging aisle is in accordance with Article 3.3.1.17., but not less than the width of the widest aisle leading to the converging aisle,
(d)the minimum clear width of an exit leading directly from the seating area is in accordance with Article 3.4.3.2.,
(e)except as provided in Clause (f), the minimum clear width of an egress doorway leading directly from the seating area is in accordance with Article 3.3.1.17., but not less than the required width of the aisle or the converging aisle leading to the doorway, and
(f)if more than one vomitory is provided
(i)the minimum total clear width of the egress doorways leading from one vomitory is not less than the required width of the aisle or the converging aisle leading to the doorways, and
(ii)the minimum clear width of egress doorways from additional vomitories is in accordance with Article 3.3.1.17.
(12)Except as provided in Sentences (13) and (14), dead-end aisles shall be not more than 6 m long.
(13)Dead-end aisles are permitted to be more than 6 m long, but not more than 10 m long if
(a)the seating area is separated from other seating areas and adjacent occupancies, including a corridor serving any seating area, by a fire separation in accordance with Sentences 3.3.2.2.(1) and (2),
(b)the travel distance is not more than 25 m measured along the path of travel from any seat to an exit, to an egress doorway or to an opening into a vomitory,
(c)at least one means of egress, comprising not less than 30 percent of the required exit capacity, is through an exterior exit, an exit stairway or a corridor not containing an occupancy,
(d)each row served by the dead-end aisle has a minimum unobstructed width of 400 mm plus 6.1 mm for each additional seat above seven seats in a row, but not more than 550 mm,
(e)the minimum ceiling height above the seating area is 3 m,
(f)the activation of a fire detector or a sprinkler head in the seating area will
(i)cause the shutdown of the projection system serving the seating area, and
(ii)turn on the normal lighting in the seating area, and
(g)the floor area is sprinklered.
(14)Dead-end aisles are permitted to be more than 10 m long, but not more than 13 m long if
(a)the seating area is separated from other seating areas and adjacent occupancies, including a corridor serving any seating area, by a fire separation in accordance with Sentences 3.3.2.2.(1) and (2),
(b)an exit leading directly from the seating area. (16) Where a seating area is not required to be separated by Sentences 3.3.2.2.(1) and (2) or 3.3.2.2.(8), the travel distance shall be not more than 45 m measured from the most remote point of the aisle to an exit. (17) Side aisles shall be not less than 1 100 mm wide if seating is provided in conformance with Sentence 3.3.2.3.(4). (18) An aisle that has a slope not more than 1 in 8 shall not be stepped. (19) An aisle that slopes more than 1 in 8 shall be stepped. (20) The passageway between rows of seats served by a stepped aisle shall be level at right angles to the line of travel. (21) The riser of a step in an aisle shall be
(c)at least one means of egress, comprising not less than 30 percent of the required exit capacity, is through an exterior exit, an exit stairway or a corridor not containing an occupancy,
(d)have a finish on the treads conforming to Sentence 3.4.6.1.(1). (24) The location of every riser in an aisle shall be made apparent from both directions of travel by strategically placed lighting or contrasting marking stripes. (25) A platform in an aisle shall be level, except that a slope not more than 1 in 50 is permitted for a platform that is not less than 430 mm deep in the direction of exit travel. (26) If a step is used at the entry to a row of seats from a stepped aisle, an unobstructed platform not less than 800 mm square shall be provided adjacent to the aisle. (27) The finish of the surface of a platform in or adjacent to a stepped aisle shall conform to Sentence 3.4.6.1.(1).
(e)the activation of a fire detector or a sprinkler head in the seating area will
(i)cause the shutdown of the projection system serving the seating area, and
(ii)turn on the normal lighting in the seating area,
(f)a voice communication system is installed in conformance with Article 3.2.4.22.,
(g)a smoke control system is installed to control movement of smoke in the seating area or a smoke exhaust system is provided so that, in the event of detection of smoke by a smoke detector in the seating area, air handling equipment is activated to extract air directly from the seating area at the rate of at least six air changes per hour, and
(h)the floor area is sprinklered. (15) Where a seating area is separated as required by Sentences 3.3.2.2.(1) and (2) or 3.3.2.2.(8), the length of travel by any aisle shall be not more than 45 m measured from the most remote point of the aisle to
3.3.2.6. CorridorsCopy link
(1)Except as permitted by Sentences (2) to (4), a corridor used by the public in an assembly occupancy as an access to exit shall be separated from the remainder of the floor area by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h.
(2)The fire-resistance rating of the fire separation required by Sentence (1) is permitted to be less than 1 h but not less than 45 min provided the fire-resistance rating required by Subsection 3.2.2. is permitted to be less than 1 h for
(a)the floor assembly above the floor area, or
(b)the floor assembly below the floor area, if there is no floor assembly above.
(3)The fire-resistance rating required by Sentence (1) is permitted to be waived if the floor area in which the corridor is located is sprinklered throughout.
(4)The requirement for a fire separation stated in Sentence (1) is permitted to be waived if the distance from any point in the floor area to an exit measured along the path of travel to the exit does not exceed the travel distance permitted by Article 3.4.2.5.
3.3.2.7. DoorsCopy link
(1)A door equipped with a latching mechanism in an access to exit from a room or suite of assembly occupancy containing an occupant load more than 100 shall be equipped with a device that complies with Sentence 3.4.6.16.(3).
3.3.2.8. Fixed Bench-Type Seats Without ArmsCopy link
(1)If fixed bench-type seats without arms are provided, the seat width per person shall be assumed to be 450 mm.
(2)The centre-to-centre spacing between rows of bench-type seats shall be not less than 760 mm if back rests are provided, and not less than 550 mm if back rests are not provided.
(3)A clear space of not less than 300 mm shall be provided between the back of each seat and the front of the seat immediately behind it.
3.3.2.9. GuardsCopy link
(1)Except as required by Sentences (2) to (4) for bleacher seats, guards shall be installed in outdoor and indoor places of assembly with fixed seats so that
(a)at the fascia of every box, balcony or gallery where the seats extend to the edge, the height of guards is not less than
(i)760 mm in front of the seats, and
(ii)920 mm if located at the end of aisles or at the foot of steps,
(b)the height of guards along every cross aisle other than those adjacent to the fascia of every box, balcony or gallery is not less than 660 mm, except that guards need not be provided if the backs of the seats along the front side of the aisle are not less than 600 mm above the floor of the aisle, and
(c)where the seating is arranged in successive tiers and the height of rise between platforms is more than 450 mm, the height of guards is not less than 660 mm along the entire row of seats at the edge of the platform.
(2)The backs and ends of bleacher seats more than 1 200 mm above the ground or floor that are not adjacent to a wall shall be protected with a guard
(a)not less than 1 070 mm high above an adjacent aisle surface or foot rest, and
(b)not less than 920 mm high above the centre of an adjacent seat board.
(3)If the front of a bleacher is more than 600 mm above the ground or floor, it shall be protected with a guard not less than 840 mm high above the front foot rest.
(4)The size of any opening in a guard required by Sentences (2) and (3) shall not allow the passage of a sphere whose diameter is more than 300 mm.
3.3.2.10. Handrails in Aisles with Steps (See Note A-3.3.2.10.)Copy link
(1)Handrails shall be provided in aisles with steps in conformance with Table 3.3.2.10.
(2)Handrails installed along aisle centre lines as required by Table 3.3.2.10. shall
(a)comply with Sentences 3.4.6.5.(5) to (7) and (14),
(b)have gaps not less than 560 mm and not more than 915 mm wide, measured horizontally, at intervals not exceeding five rows,
(c)comply with Sentence 3.4.6.5.(11) at terminations and required gaps, and
(d)have an intermediate rail located 305 mm below the principal handrail. Table 3.3.2.10. Types and Location of Handrails in Aisles with Steps Forming Part of Sentences 3.3.2.10.(1) and (2)
3.3.2.11. Outdoor Places of AssemblyCopy link
(1)A Group A, Division 4 occupancy and each tier or balcony that has a capacity of more than
(a)1 000 persons shall have no fewer than three separate exits, or
(b)4 000 persons shall have no fewer than four separate exits.
(2)In a Group A, Division 4 occupancy, every seat shall be located so that the travel distance is not more than 45 m measured along the path of travel from the seat to
(a)the ground,
(b)an exit,
(c)an opening to a passageway leading from the seating area, or
(d)a portal, a vomitory or any other opening through the seating deck structure.
(3)Exits from outdoor stadia or grandstands shall be located not more than 25 m apart.
(4)The capacity of a means of egress for a Group A, Division 4 occupancy shall conform to the requirements of Sentence 3.4.3.2.(3).
(5)Aisles in a Group A, Division 4 occupancy shall
(a)be located so that there are not more than 20 seats between any seat and the nearest aisle, and
(b)be not less than 1 200 mm wide, except that an aisle serving less than 60 persons is permitted to be 750 mm wide.
3.3.2.12. BleachersCopy link
(1)Steps provided in aisles of bleachers of the telescopic type shall
(a)have risers not more than 250 mm high, and
(b)have treads with a run not less than 280 mm.
(2)If the vertical distance between seating platforms in bleachers is more than 280 mm, an intermediate step shall be provided the full width of the aisle and proportioned to provide 2 equal risers between platforms.
(3)If the vertical distance between seating platforms in bleachers is more than 450 mm, 2 intermediate steps shall be provided the full width of the aisle so that there are 3 equal risers between platforms.
(4)If the passageway between rows of seats is not a closed deck, footboards shall be provided so that
(a)the total width of the footboards shall be not less than three-quarters of the centre-to-centre spacing between rows of seats, and
(b)the spacing between footboard members shall be not more than 25 mm.
(5)Openings above footboards and below the seats in rows of bleacher seats shall be provided with intermediate construction so that there is no opening that would permit the passage of a sphere of more than 100 mm in diameter.
3.3.2.13. LibrariesCopy link
(1)Except as permitted by Sentence (2), a library book storage room that is not normally accessible to the public shall be separated from the remainder of the building by a fire separation with a fire-resistance rating not less than 2 h if it
(a)is more than 250 m² in area, or
(b)contains book stacks that
(i)are more than 10 m high, or
(ii)penetrate more than one floor assembly.
(2)The fire separation required by Sentence (1) is not required if the book storage room is sprinklered.
(3)Open book shelves are permitted above and below a mezzanine floor in a library building provided the height of the shelves is not more than 2.1 m but not more than 75% of the floor-to-ceiling height of the space above or below the mezzanine floor assembly.
3.3.2.14. Stages for Theatrical PerformancesCopy link
(1)A stage for theatrical performances and ancillary spaces, including workshops, dressing rooms and storage areas, shall be sprinklered.
(2)A fire separation with a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h shall be provided between a stage for theatrical performances and ancillary spaces, including workshops, dressing rooms and storage areas.
(3)Except as permitted by Sentence (6), a stage for theatrical performances and ancillary spaces, including workshops, dressing rooms and storage areas, shall be separated from the seating area by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h, except for a proscenium opening protected with
(a)a sprinkler deluge system conforming to the requirements of NFPA 13 “Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems,”
(b)an unframed fire curtain if the opening is not more than 20 m wide, or
(c)a semi-rigid fire curtain if the opening is more than 20 m wide.
(4)A fire curtain required by Sentence (3) shall be of a type acceptable to the principal authority and designed to close
(a)automatically upon the actuation of the sprinkler system,
(b)automatically upon actuation of the fire alarm system, and
(c)manually by remote control devices located at the curtain control panel and at each side of the stage.
(5)At least 2 vents for the purpose of venting fire and smoke to the outside of a building shall be provided above a stage designed for theatrical performances and shall
(a)have an aggregate area not less than one-eighth of the area of the stage behind the proscenium opening, and
(b)be arranged to open automatically upon actuation of the sprinkler system.
(6)The fire separation referred to in Sentence (3) is not required between a stage and a seating area in a floor area that is sprinklered, provided a sprinkler deluge system is installed at the boundary between the stage and the seating area.
3.3.2.15. Risers for StairsCopy link
(1)In a Group A, Division 2 occupancy used for the serving of food and beverages, an interior flight of stairs with fewer than 3 risers is permitted provided it
(a)is not less than 900 mm wide,
(b)is illuminated at all times that occupants are on the premises, and
(c)has a handrail on each side.
3.3.2.16. Storage RoomsCopy link
(1)A room intended for the storage of flammable liquids or combustible liquids required by the Fire Code made under the Fire Protection and Prevention Act, 1997 shall not be located above or below the first storey of the building.
3.3.2.17. Safety GlazingCopy link
(1)Except as permitted in Sentence (3), glazing in all fixed and operable panels of doors shall conform to Class A of CAN/CGSB-12.1, “Safety Glazing.”
(2)Except as permitted in Sentence (4), glazing in all fixed and operable panels of windows shall conform to Class A of CAN/CGSB-12.1, “Safety Glazing.”
(3)Glazing in individual fixed or operable panels of a door need not comply with Sentence (1), where
(a)the bottom exposed edge of the glazing is located more than 1 525 mm above the walking surface on each side of the door, or
(b)the glazed opening in the door does not permit the passage of a sphere whose diameter is more than 75 mm.
(4)Glazing in individual fixed or operable panels of a window need not comply with Sentence (2), where
(a)the bottom exposed edge of the glazing is located more than 1 525 mm above the walking surface on each side of the window, or
(b)the glazing is located more than 915 mm away from the walking surface on each side of the window measured perpendicular to the plane of the glazing.
3.3.3. Care, Care and Treatment or Detention OccupancyCopy link
3.3.3.1. ScopeCopy link
(1)This Subsection applies to care occupancies, care and treatment occupancies and detention occupancies. (See Note A-3.3.3.1.(1))
3.3.3.2. Fire SeparationsCopy link
(1)The fire separation required by Sentence 3.3.5.5.(1) between a care, care and treatment or detention occupancy and a repair garage shall have no openings.
(2)Except as permitted by Sentence (4), in a Group B, Division 3 occupancy, walls between sleeping rooms and adjacent rooms shall be constructed as fire separations having a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h, except that the fire-resistance rating need not be more than 45 min where the floor assembly is not required to be more than 45 min.
(3)Except as permitted by Sentence (4), in a Group B, Division 3 occupancy, walls separating corridors serving sleeping rooms from adjacent rooms shall be constructed as fire separations having a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h, except that the fire-resistance rating need not be more than 45 min where the floor assembly is not required to be more than 45 min.
(4)The walls separating sleeping rooms from adjacent rooms and corridors in those parts of a floor area classified as a Group B, Division 3 occupancy shall be constructed as fire separations but are not required to have a fire-resistance rating if
(a)those parts of the floor area contain sleeping accommodation for not more than 10 persons, and
(b)not more than 6 occupants require assistance in evacuation in case of an emergency.
(5)The door in the fire-separation required in Sentence (4) is permitted to be equipped with a roller latch and need not be provided with a self-closing device.
3.3.3.3. CorridorsCopy link
(1)A corridor used by the public or serving patients or residents shall have no dead-end portion unless the area served by the dead-end portion has a second and separate means of egress.
(2)A corridor serving patients in a hospital shall be not less than 2 400 mm wide.
(3)Except as permitted in Sentence (5), a corridor serving residents who are not ambulatory in a Group B, Division 2 or 3 occupancy shall be not less than 1 650 mm wide.
(4)Paired doors in a corridor serving patients or residents shall
(a)swing in opposite directions, the right hand door swinging in the direction of travel, and
(b)be not less than 1 100 mm wide.
(5)A corridor in a Group B, Division 3 occupancy that contains sleeping accommodation for not more than 10 persons and not more than 6 occupants require assistance in evacuation in case of an emergency need not comply with Sentence (3).
3.3.3.4. Doorway WidthCopy link
(1)In a Group B, Division 2 or 3 occupancy, the minimum clear width of doorways through which it is necessary to move a patient or resident in a bed shall be 1 050 mm. (See Note A-3.3.3.4.(1))
3.3.3.5. Hospitals and Long-Term Care HomesCopy link
(1)Floor areas containing patients’ or residents’ sleeping rooms in a hospital or long-term care home shall conform to Sentences (2) to (12). (See Note 3.3.3.5.(1))
(2)Except as permitted by Sentence (3), a floor area containing patients’ or residents’ sleeping rooms in a hospital or long-term care home shall be divided into no fewer than two fire compartments, each not more than 1 000 m² in area.
(3)The floor area on either side of a horizontal exit conforming to Article 3.4.6.10. is permitted to be considered as a fire compartment in applying the requirements of this Article.
(4)Except as permitted by Sentence (5), fire separations separating fire compartments required by Sentence (2) shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h.
(5)The fire-resistance rating of a fire separation referred to in Sentence (4) is permitted to be less than 1 h but not less than 45 min provided the fire-resistance rating required by Subsection 3.2.2. is permitted to be less than 1 h for
(a)the floor assembly above the floor area, or
(b)the floor assembly below the floor area, if there is no floor assembly above.
(6)Reserved.
(7)The travel distance from any point within each fire compartment referred to in Sentence (2) to a door to an adjoining fire compartment shall be not more than 45 m.
(8)Each fire compartment referred to in Sentence (2) shall be capable of accommodating, in addition to its own occupants, the occupants of the largest adjacent fire compartment based on a clear floor space of 2.5 m² per patient or resident in the adjacent fire compartment.
(9)Except as permitted by Sentences (10) and (11), walls between patients’ or residents’ sleeping rooms and the remainder of the floor area shall be constructed as fire separations but are not required to have a fire-resistance rating unless a fire-resistance rating is required by other provisions in this Part.
(10)The fire separation requirements of Sentence (9) do not apply to walls within a group of intercommunicating patients’ or residents’ rooms, provided the group of rooms does not
(a)contain more than 5 patients or residents, or
(b)include storage, bathing or toilet facilities serving persons not occupying the group of rooms. (See Note A-3.3.3.5.(10))
(11)A door in a fire separation required by Sentence (9) is permitted to be equipped with a roller latch.
(12)A fire separation required by Sentence (9) shall not contain any grilles, louvres or other openings.
3.3.3.6. Protection for Special Care and Treatment FacilitiesCopy link
(1)Compartments containing rooms such as operating rooms, recovery rooms, delivery rooms, intensive care units and critical care units, from which it is impracticable to move patients in an emergency, shall be
(a)separated from adjacent spaces by fire separations having a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h, and
(b)provided with a mechanical air supply so that during a period of 2 h after the start of a fire in another space, the compartments will not contain more than 1% by volume of contaminated air from the fire area.
3.3.3.7. Contained Use AreasCopy link
(1)A contained use area shall conform to Sentences (2) to (5).
(2)A contained use area shall be separated from the remainder of the building by a fire separation having a fire- resistance rating not less than 1 h.
(3)Except as permitted by Sentence (4), a building that includes a contained use area shall be sprinklered throughout.
(4)A contained use area, in a building for which Articles 3.2.2.20. to 3.2.2.92. do not require the installation of an automatic sprinkler system, is not required to be sprinklered as required by Sentence (3) provided
(a)the building is designed so that during a period of 2 h after the start of a fire in the contained use area, other fire compartments will not contain more than 1% by volume of contaminated air from the contained use area,
(b)the building is designed so that during a period of 2 h after the start of a fire in another part of the building, the contained use area will not contain more than 1% by volume of contaminated air from the other part of the building,
(c)all doors are designed to be remotely released in conformance with Sentence 3.3.1.13.(6), and
(d)the contained use area does not contain any rooms lined with combustible padding.
(5)A corridor serving a contained use area shall have no dead-end portion unless the area served by the dead-end portion has a second and separate means of egress.
3.3.3.8. HandrailsCopy link
(1)Corridors and ramps used by residents in a long-term care home shall be equipped with handrails on each side conforming to Sentences 3.4.6.5.(5) to (7) and (11) to (13).
3.3.4. Residential OccupancyCopy link
3.3.4.1. ScopeCopy link
(1)This Subsection applies to residential occupancies.
3.3.4.2. Fire SeparationsCopy link
(1)Except as permitted by Sentences (2) and 3.2.2.9.(2), suites of residential occupancy shall be separated from each other and the remainder of the building by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h.
(2)The fire-resistance rating of the fire separation required by Sentence (1) is permitted to be less than 1 h but not less than 45 min provided the fire-resistance rating required by Subsection 3.2.2. is permitted to be less than 1 h for
(a)the floor assembly above the floor area, or
(b)the floor assembly below the floor area, if there is no floor assembly above.
(3)Floor assemblies within a dwelling unit need not be constructed as fire separations provided
(a)the distance between the lowest floor level and the uppermost floor level within the dwelling unit is not more than 6 m, and
(b)the dwelling unit is separated from the remainder of the building by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than
(i)1 h if the building is not sprinklered throughout,
(ii)45 min if the building is sprinklered throughout and it is not more than 3 storeys in building height, or
(iii)1 h if the building is sprinklered throughout and it is more than 3 storeys in building height.
(4)Except in a retirement home, the fire-resistance rating of the fire separation located between a dwelling unit and an attached storage garage need not conform to that required by Sentence 3.3.5.6.(1) provided (0.a) the storage garage contains not more than five vehicles,
(a)the dwelling unit and the attached storage garage are sprinklered,
(b)the dwelling unit is separated from the remainder of the building in conformance with Sentences (1) to (3),
(c)there are no air duct systems connecting the storage garage and the dwelling unit,
(d)the construction between the storage garage and the dwelling unit provides an effective barrier to gas and exhaust fumes, and
(e)every door between the storage garage and the dwelling unit is
(i)tight fitting and weather-stripped to provide an effective barrier against the passage of gas and exhaust fumes,
(ii)fitted with a self-closing device, and
(iii)not located in a room intended for sleeping.
(5)Except in a retirement home, the fire separation required by Sentence 3.3.5.6.(1) is not required between a dwelling unit and an attached storage garage, serving that dwelling unit only, provided
(a)the dwelling unit and its attached storage garage are separated from the remainder of the building in conformance with Sentences (1) to (3),
(b)there are no air duct systems connecting the storage garage and the dwelling unit,
(c)the construction between the storage garage and the dwelling unit provides an effective barrier to gas and exhaust fumes, and
(d)every door between the storage garage and the dwelling unit is
(i)tight fitting and weather-stripped to provide an effective barrier against the passage of gas and exhaust fumes,
(ii)fitted with a self-closing device, and
(iii)not located in a room intended for sleeping.
3.3.4.3. Storage RoomsCopy link
(1)Sprinklers shall be installed in a storage room provided for the use of tenants in a residential occupancy within a floor area but not contained within a suite.
(2)Except as permitted by Sentence (3), a storage room referred to in Sentence (1) shall be separated from the remainder of the building by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h.
(3)The fire-resistance rating of the fire separation required by Sentence (2) is permitted to be less than 1 h but not less than 45 min provided the fire-resistance rating required by Subsection 3.2.2. is permitted to be less than 1 h for
(a)the floor assembly above the floor area, or
(b)the floor assembly below the floor area, if there is no floor assembly above.
(4)Except where located within a dwelling unit, a room intended for the storage of flammable liquids or combustible liquids required by the Fire Code made under the Fire Protection and Prevention Act, 1997 shall not be located above or below the first storey of the building.
3.3.4.4. Egress from Dwelling UnitsCopy link
(1)Except as required by Sentence (8), single storey dwelling units in an apartment building need not lead to a public corridor or exterior passageway on the same storey provided the dwelling units are served by private stairways leading directly to a public access to exit on the storey
(a)immediately above, and
(b)immediately below. (See Note A-3.3.4.4.(1))
(2)Except as required by Sentence (8) and as permitted by Sentences (3) and (4), a dwelling unit containing more than one storey shall have an exit door or an egress door opening directly into a public access to exit from the uppermost storey and from the lowest storey of the dwelling unit so that each of these storeys is served by an exit or egress door located not more than 1.5 m above or below its floor level.
(3)A single exit is permitted from a dwelling unit provided the exit is an exterior doorway not more than 1.5 m above adjacent ground level and
(a)it is not necessary to travel up or down more than one storey to reach the exit door, or
(b)the uppermost floor level opens to a balcony not more than 6 m above adjacent ground level.
(4)An egress door from either the uppermost storey or the lowest storey in a dwelling unit, as required by Sentence (2), need not be provided
(a)except as required by Sentence (8), if that storey is served by a stairway that
(i)leads to a public access to exit,
(ii)has no direct access to any other storey in the dwelling unit, and
(iii)is separated from the other storeys in the dwelling unit by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating of not less than 45 min,
(b)on the uppermost storey in the dwelling unit if the dwelling unit has not more than 2 storeys above the first storey of the building,
(c)if it is not necessary to travel either more than 18 m or more than 1 storey up or down within the dwelling unit to reach the egress door, or
(d)if that storey is
(i)provided with a balcony conforming to Sentence (7),
(ii)not more than 2 storeys above or below the dwelling unit egress door, and
(iii)in a building that is not more than 6 storeys in building height.
(5)In a building of residential occupancy not more than 3 storeys in building height, a doorway from a dwelling unit is permitted to open directly into an exit stairway provided the dwelling unit has a second and separate means of egress.
(6)If a dwelling unit has a second and separate means of egress, one means of egress from a dwelling unit is permitted to pass through
(a)an interior corridor served by a single exit,
(b)an exterior balcony served by a single exit stairway, or
(c)an exterior passageway served by a single exit stairway.
(7)Where a balcony is provided to meet the requirements of Sentence (3) or (4), the balcony shall have
(a)a solid floor having a fire-resistance rating not less than that required for a floor assembly between suites, and
(b)an area providing not less than 1.5 m² per suite occupant, based on occupant load, and a minimum dimension of 1 200 mm.
(8)Each dwelling unit in a building conforming to Subclause 3.2.2.50.(1)(a)(ii) shall be served by
(a)a direct exit that is an exterior doorway located not more than 1.5 m above adjacent ground level, or
(b)a stairway that
(i)leads to an exterior doorway not more than 1.5 m above adjacent ground level,
(ii)has no access to another dwelling unit, and
(iii)is separated from the remainder of the building with a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h.
3.3.4.5. Automatic Locking ProhibitionCopy link
(1)Except for hotels, a door opening onto a public corridor that provides access to exit from a suite shall be designed not to lock automatically. (See Note A-3.3.4.5.(1))
3.3.4.6. Sound TransmissionCopy link
(1)Buildings containing dwelling units shall be constructed so that airborne noise is controlled in conformance with Section 5.8.
3.3.4.7. Stairs, Ramps, Landings, Handrails and Guards for Dwelling UnitsCopy link
(1)Except as required in Article 3.3.4.8., stairs, ramps, landings, handrails and interior guards within a dwelling unit shall conform to the applicable requirements in Section 9.8.
(2)Except as provided in Sentence (3), exterior stairs, ramps, landings, handrails and guards serving a single dwelling unit shall conform to the applicable requirements in Sentence 3.1.21.1.(1) and Section 9.8.
(3)Loads on exterior guards serving a single dwelling unit shall comply with Part 4.
3.3.4.8. Protection of Openable WindowsCopy link
(1)Except as provided in Sentence (2), openable windows in suites of residential occupancy shall be protected by
(a)a guard with a minimum height of 1 070 mm constructed in accordance with Article 3.3.1.18., or
(b)a mechanism that can only be released with the use of tools or special knowledge to control the free swinging or sliding operation of the openable part of the window so as to limit any clear unobstructed opening to not more than 100 mm measured either vertically or horizontally.
(2)Windows need not be protected in accordance with Sentence (1) where
(a)the only opening having greater dimensions than those allowed by Clause (1)(b) is located higher than 1 070 mm above the finished floor, or
(b)the bottom edge of the openable portion of the window is located less than 1 800 mm above the floor or ground on the other side of the window.
3.3.4.9. Stud Wall ReinforcementCopy link
(1)If wood wall studs or sheet steel wall studs enclose the main bathroom in a dwelling unit, reinforcement shall be installed to permit the future installation of the following:
(a)for a water closet, a grab bar described in Clauses 3.8.3.8.(3)(a) and a grab bar described in Clause 3.8.3.8.(3)(c),
(b)for a shower, grab bars described in Clause 3.8.3.13.(2)(g), and
(c)for a bathtub, grab bars described in Clause 3.8.3.13.(7)(e). (See Note A-3.3.4.9.(1))
3.3.4.10. Resistance to Forced EntryCopy link
(1)Resistance to forced entry into dwelling units shall conform to the applicable requirements in Articles 9.7.5.2. and 9.7.5.3.
3.3.4.11. Retirement HomesCopy link
(1)Floor areas containing residents’ sleeping rooms in a retirement home shall conform to Sentences (2) to (12).
(2)Except as permitted by Sentence (3), a floor area containing residents’ sleeping rooms in a retirement home where sleeping accommodation is provided for more than 10 residents shall be divided into no fewer than 2 fire compartments, each not more than 1 000 m² in area.
(3)The floor area on either side of a horizontal exit conforming to Article 3.4.6.10. is permitted to be considered as a fire compartment in applying the requirements of this Article.
(4)Except as permitted by Sentence (5), fire separations separating fire compartments required by Sentence (2) shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h.
(5)The fire-resistance rating of a fire separation referred to in Sentence (4) is permitted to be less than 1 h but not less than 45 min provided the fire-resistance rating required by Subsection 3.2.2. is permitted to be less than 1 h for
(a)the floor assembly above the floor area, or
(b)the floor assembly below the floor area, if there is no floor assembly above.
(6)A closure in a fire separation between fire compartments referred to in Sentence (2) shall be weather-stripped or otherwise designed and installed to retard the passage of smoke.
(7)The travel distance from any point within each fire compartment referred to in Sentence (2) to a door to an adjoining fire compartment shall be not more than 45 m.
(8)Each fire compartment referred to in Sentence (2) shall be capable of accommodating, in addition to its own occupants, the occupants of the largest adjacent fire compartment based on a clear floor space of 1.5 m² per resident in the adjacent fire compartment.
(9)The fire separation required by Sentence 3.3.5.5.(1) between a retirement home and a repair garage shall have no openings.
(10)In a retirement home, a dead-end public corridor is permitted provided it is not more than 3 m long.
(11)The minimum clear width of doorways serving residents in a retirement home shall be 850 mm.
(12)A voice communication system conforming to Article 3.2.4.22. shall be provided in a retirement home.
3.3.5. Industrial OccupancyCopy link
3.3.5.1. ScopeCopy link
(1)This Subsection applies to industrial occupancies.
3.3.5.2. Fire Extinguishing SystemsCopy link
(1)In addition to other requirements in this Division for the installation of automatic fire extinguishing systems, an appropriate fire extinguishing system shall be installed in every industrial occupancy floor area to provide protection if required by
(a)the Fire Code made under the Fire Protection and Prevention Act, 1997, or
(b)the CCBFC NRCC-CONST-56437E, “National Fire Code of Canada,” in the absence of provisions referred to in Clause (a).
3.3.5.3. BasementsCopy link
(1)A basement shall not be used for the storage, manufacture or handling of volatile solids, liquids or gases that generate explosive air-vapour mixtures or for processes that involve explosive dusts.
(2)Entrances and exits to a basement and to rooms containing building services shall be separate from the remainder of the building in a building in which
(a)the storage, manufacture or handling of volatile materials can generate explosive air-vapour mixtures, or
(b)processes occur that produce explosive dusts.
(3)Basements and rooms referred to in Sentence (2) shall be separated from the remainder of the building with a vapour-tight separation.
3.3.5.4. Repair and Storage Garages (See Note A-3.3.5.4.)Copy link
(1)If access is provided from a storage garage to a stair tower or elevator serving occupancies above the level of the storage garage, the access shall be through a vestibule conforming to Sentence 3.3.5.7.(4).
(2)Treads and landings in interior stairs that extend to the roof of a storage garage shall be designed to be free of accumulations of ice and snow.
(3)A mechanical storage garage not more than 4 storeys in building height, in which no persons other than parking attendants are permitted above the street floor level, need not have a fire separation between the exits and the remainder of the building.
(4)A storage garage or repair garage shall be provided with natural or mechanical ventilation in conformance with the requirements of Subsection 6.3.1. and Article 6.9.1.2. to prevent excessive accumulation of carbon monoxide, exhaust fumes or flammable and toxic vapours.
(5)Except as required by Sentence 3.8.2.2.(2), the clear height in a storage garage shall be not less than 2 m.
(6)Where storage garage or repair garage floors or ramps are 600 mm or more above the adjacent ground or floor level, every opening through such floors and the perimeter of such floors and ramps shall be provided with
(a)a continuous curb not less than 140 mm high, a guard not less than 1 070 mm high and a vehicle guardrail not less than 500 mm high conforming to Sentence (7), or
(b)a full-height wall conforming to Sentence (7).
(7)Vehicle guardrails and full-height walls required in Sentence (6) shall be designed and constructed to withstand the loading values specified in Sentence 4.1.5.15.(1).
(8)Except for open-air storeys, every storey of a storage garage or repair garage located below grade shall be sprinklered.
3.3.5.5. Repair Garage SeparationCopy link
(1)A repair garage and any ancillary spaces serving it, including waiting rooms, reception rooms, tool and parts storage areas and supervisory office space, shall be separated from other occupancies by a fire separation having a fire- resistance rating not less than 2 h.
3.3.5.6. Storage Garage SeparationCopy link
(1)Except as permitted by Sentences 3.3.4.2.(4) and (5), a storage garage shall be separated from other occupancies by a fire separation with a fire-resistance rating not less than 1.5 h.
3.3.5.7. VestibulesCopy link
(1)If access is provided through a fire separation between a storage garage and a Group A, Division 1 or Group B occupancy or a retirement home, the access shall be through a vestibule conforming to Sentence (4).
(2)Reserved.
(3)In a building more than 3 storeys in building height, access through a fire separation between a storage garage and a Group A, Division 2, 3 or 4, or a Group C occupancy, shall be through a vestibule conforming to Sentence (4).
(4)If access is provided through a vestibule, as required by Sentences (1), (3) and 3.3.5.4.(1), the vestibule shall
(a)be not less than 1.8 m long,
(b)be ventilated
(i)naturally to outside air by a vent that has an unobstructed area of not less than 0.1 m² for each door that opens into the vestibule but not less than 0.4 m², or
(ii)mechanically at a rate of 14 m³ /h for each square metre of vestibule floor surface area, and
(c)have openings between the vestibule and an adjoining occupancy provided with self-closing doors with no hold- open devices.
3.3.5.8. ReservedCopy link
3.3.5.9. ReservedCopy link
3.3.5.10. GuardsCopy link
(1)Except where they serve storage garages, guards in industrial occupancies are permitted to consist of
(a)a top rail, and
(b)one or more intermediate rails spaced such that the openings through the guard are of a size that prevents the passage of a spherical object whose diameter is 535 mm.
3.3.5.11. Toe-Boards RequiredCopy link
(1)Where tools or other objects could fall from the floor of an upper level to a lower level in a room or space intended for use as a Group F occupancy, the edge of the floor at the upper level shall be provided with a toe-board extending from the floor surface to a height at least 125 mm above the floor surface.
3.3.6. Design of Hazardous AreasCopy link
3.3.6.1. ApplicationCopy link
(1)This Subsection applies to design and fire protection requirements for buildings or parts of buildings intended for the storage, handling, use and processing of
(a)dangerous goods,
(b)materials that involve a risk of explosion or high flammability, and
(c)materials that are highly reactive. (See Note A-3.3.6.1.(1))
3.3.6.2. Storage of Dangerous GoodsCopy link
(1)Solid and liquid dangerous goods classified as oxidizers or organic peroxides shall be separated from the remainder of the building by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating of not less than 2 h.
(2)Reactive materials shall be separated from the remainder of the building by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating of not less than 2 h. (See Note A-3.3.6.2.(2))
(3)The design and construction of buildings or part of a building intended for the storage of dangerous goods classified as explosives shall conform to the Explosives Act (Canada) and the regulations made under that Act.
3.3.6.3. Indoor Storage of Compressed GasesCopy link
(1)Except as provided by Sentence (3), where required by the Fire Code made under the Fire Protection and Prevention Act, 1997, a room intended for the indoor storage of cylinders containing flammable compressed gases shall meet the following requirements:
(a)it is separated from the remainder of the building by a gas-tight fire separation having a fire-resistance rating of not less than 2 h,
(b)it is located on an exterior wall of the building,
(c)it can be entered from the exterior,
(d)it is ventilated in conformance with Sentence (4),
(e)it is constructed so that an exterior wall provides explosion venting
(i)in the ratio of 0.2 m² for each cubic metre of room volume, or
(ii)in the ratio computed in accordance with NFPA 68, “Standard on Explosion Protection by Deflagration Venting,” but in no case less than 0.065 m² of vent area for each cubic metre of room volume,
(f)it is not intended to contain fuel-fired equipment or high temperature heating elements, and
(g)it is not intended to be used for a purpose other than the storage of compressed gas.
(2)Where a closure is installed in the fire separation separating the room from the remainder of the building in accordance with Clause (1)(a), it shall be
(a)equipped with a self-closing device that keeps the closure closed when not in use, and
(b)constructed so as to prevent the migration of gases from the room into other parts of the building.
(3)Where required by the Fire Code made under the Fire Protection and Prevention Act, 1997, a room intended for the storage of not more than three cylinders of flammable compressed gases that are heavier than air and that have an aggregate capacity not exceeding 100 kg shall be
(a)separated from the remainder of the building by a gas-tight fire separation having a fire-resistance rating of not less than 45 min,
(b)located at or above grade, and
(c)ventilated in conformance with Sentence (4) .
(4)A room described in Sentence (1) or (3) shall be
(a)mechanically vented to the outside so as to ensure at least one air change per hour, or
(b)naturally vented to the outside so as to ensure cross ventilation through non-closable louvered openings with
(i)at least one opening having an aggregate free opening area of at least 0.2 m² per 100 m² of the floor area located not more than 300 mm from the ceiling, and
(ii)at least one opening having an aggregate free opening area of at least 0.2 m² per 100 m² of the floor area located not more than 300 mm from the floor.
(5)Except as permitted by Sentences (6) and (7), where required by the Fire Code made under the Fire Protection and Prevention Act, 1997, an area intended for the storage of cylinders containing compressed gases that may react with one another shall be divided into separate fire compartments having a fire-resistance rating of not less than 1 h.
(6)Separate fire compartments required by Sentence (5) need not be provided, if the area intended for the storage of cylinders containing compressed gases that are lighter than air is separated by a concrete or masonry wall having a height of at least 2.0 m and projecting at least 1.0 m, measured horizontally, beyond the cylinders.
(7)Separate fire compartments required by Sentence (5) need not be provided, if the area intended for the storage of cylinders containing compressed gases that are heavier than air is separated by a concrete or masonry wall having a height of at least 1.5 m and projecting such that the minimum distance that vapour can travel between two cylinders of gas that may react with each other is not less than 15 m, measured horizontally.
3.3.6.4. Storage and Dispensing Rooms for Flammable Liquids and Combustible LiquidsCopy link
(1)A room intended for the storage of flammable liquids and combustible liquids shall be separated from the remainder of the building by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating in conformance with the Fire Code made under the Fire Protection and Prevention Act, 1997.
(2)Except as provided by Sentences (3) and (4), a room intended for the storage or dispensing of Class IA or Class IB liquids in open containers shall be designed to prevent critical structural and mechanical damage from an internal explosion in accordance with good engineering practice, such as that described in NFPA 68, “Standard on Explosion Protection by Deflagration Venting.” (See Note A-3.3.6.4.(2))
(3)Sentence (2) does not apply to a room intended for the storage of distilled beverage alcohol.
(4)A room in an occupancy or facility covered by Regulation 851 of the Revised Regulations of Ontario, 1990 (Industrial Establishments), made under the Occupational Health and Safety Act, or Ontario Regulation 67/93 (Health Care and Residential Facilities), made under that Act, where Class IA liquids are intended to be stored in closed containers or Class I liquids are intended to be dispensed or stored in open containers, shall be designed to prevent critical structural and mechanical damage from an internal explosion in accordance with good engineering practice, such as that described in NFPA 68, “Standard on Explosion Protection by Deflagration Venting.”
(5)A dispensing room in an occupancy or facility described in Sentence (4) which has an area greater than 15 m² or in which the travel distance from any point to the nearest egress door is more than 4.5 m shall
(a)be located in a floor area that has at least two exits, and
(b)have at least two egress doors.
(6)An egress door serving a room described in Sentence (5) shall
(a)be equipped with a self-closing device, and
(b)swing on a vertical axis in the direction of travel to the exit.
(7)The minimum distance between the egress doors described in Clause (5)(b) shall be not less than three-quarters of the maximum diagonal dimension of the room.
(8)The travel distance within the room to the nearest egress door described in Clause (5)(b) shall be not more than 23 m.
3.3.6.5. Tire StorageCopy link
(1)A tire storage area intended for the storage of more than 375 m³ of tires shall be separated from the remainder of the building by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating of not less than 2 h. (See Note A-3.3.6.5.(1))
3.3.6.6. Ammonium Nitrate StorageCopy link
(1)Where the Fire Code made under the Fire Protection and Prevention Act, 1997 applies due to the quantity and nature of the stored product, a building intended for the storage of ammonium nitrate shall
(a)be not more than one storey in building height,
(b)not contain a basement or a crawl space,
(c)not contain open floor drains, tunnels, elevator pits or other pockets that might trap molten ammonium nitrate,
(d)have noncombustible flooring materials in storage areas,
(e)be designed to prevent the ammonium nitrate from coming into contact with building materials that
(i)will cause the ammonium nitrate to become unstable,
(ii)may corrode or deteriorate by reason of contact with the ammonium nitrate, or
(iii)will become impregnated with the ammonium nitrate, and
(f)have not less than 0.007 m² of vent area for each square metre of storage area, unless mechanical ventilation is provided. (See Note A-3.3.6.6.(1))
3.3.6.7. Flooring MaterialsCopy link
(1)Floors in areas where dangerous goods are stored shall be constructed of impermeable materials to prevent the absorption of chemicals.
3.3.6.8. Fire Separations in Process PlantsCopy link
(1)In process plants, areas where unstable liquids are handled or where small-scale unit chemical processes occur shall be separated from the remainder of the building by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating of not less than 2 h.
3.3.6.9. Basements and PitsCopy link
(1)Process plants where Class I and II flammable liquids and combustible liquids are handled shall not be constructed with basements or covered pits.
Section 3.4 ExitsCopy link
3.4.1. GeneralCopy link
3.4.1.1. ScopeCopy link
(1)Exit facilities complying with this Section shall be provided from every floor area that is intended for occupancy.
3.4.1.2. Separation of ExitsCopy link
(1)Except as permitted by Sentence (2), if more than one exit is required from a floor area, each exit shall be separate from every other exit leading from that floor area.
(2)If more than 2 exits are provided from a floor area, exits are permitted to converge in conformance with Sentence 3.4.3.1.(2), provided the cumulative capacity of the converging exits does not contribute more than 50% of the total required exit width for the floor area.
3.4.1.3. Access to ExitsCopy link
(1)Access to exits shall conform to Section 3.3.
3.4.1.4. Types of ExitCopy link
(1)Subject to the requirements of this Section, an exit from any floor area shall be one of the following, used singly or in combination:
(a)an exterior doorway,
(b)an exterior passageway,
(c)an exterior ramp,
(d)an exterior stairway,
(e)a fire escape (conforming to Subsection 3.4.7.),
(f)a horizontal exit,
(g)an interior passageway,
(h)an interior ramp, or
(i)an interior stairway.
3.4.1.5. Exterior Exit PassagewaysCopy link
(1)Access to an exterior exit passageway from a floor area shall be through exit doors at the floor level.
(2)Every exterior exit passageway that has a drop of more than 500 mm on any side shall have guards on the open sides not less than 1 070 mm high.
3.4.1.6. Restricted Use of Horizontal ExitsCopy link
(1)Except as permitted by Sentence (2), horizontal exits shall not comprise more than one-half of the required number of exits from any floor area.
(2)In a hospital or long-term care home, horizontal exits serving patients’ or residents’ sleeping rooms shall comprise not more than two-thirds of the required number of exits from any floor area. (See Note A-3.4.1.6.(2))
(3)Where an elementary or secondary school is subdivided by a firewall, a horizontal exit shall not serve as an exit but is permitted to serve as an access to exit.
3.4.1.7. Slide EscapesCopy link
(1)A slide escape shall not be erected on any building as a required exit, but is permitted to be provided as an additional egress facility if unusual hazards are foreseen.
3.4.1.8. Transparent Doors and PanelsCopy link
(1)Glass and transparent panels in an exit shall conform to the appropriate requirements of Article 3.3.1.20. for glass and transparent panels in an access to exit.
3.4.1.9. Mirrors Near ExitsCopy link
(1)No mirror shall be placed in or adjacent to any exit in a manner that would confuse the direction of exit.
3.4.1.10. Combustible Glazing in ExitsCopy link
(1)Combustible glazing is not permitted in wall or ceiling assemblies or in closures used to construct an exit enclosure.
3.4.1.11. Exterior Stairway for Long-Term Care HomesCopy link
(1)No open exterior stairway shall serve as a means of egress for residents above the second floor of a long-term care home.
3.4.2. Number and Location of Exits from Floor AreasCopy link
3.4.2.1. Minimum Number of ExitsCopy link
(1)Except as permitted by Sentences (2) to (4), every floor area intended for occupancy shall be served by at least 2 exits.
(2)A floor area in a building not more than 2 storeys in building height, is permitted to be served by one exit provided the total occupant load served by the exit is not more than 60, and
(a)in a floor area that is not sprinklered throughout, the floor area and the travel distance are not more than the values in Table 3.4.2.1.-A, or
(b)in a floor area that is sprinklered throughout,
(i)the travel distance is not more than 25 m, and
(ii)the floor area is not more than the value in Table 3.4.2.1.-B. Table 3.4.2.1.-A Criteria for One Exit (Floor Area not Sprinklered Throughout) Forming Part of Sentence 3.4.2.1.(2)
(3)Except as permitted by Sentence (4), if Sentence (2) permits a single exit from a floor area classified as Group B or Group C occupancy, the exit shall be an exterior doorway not more than 1.5 m above adjacent ground level.
(4)The requirements of Sentences (1) and (2) are permitted to be waived for dwelling units having access to exit conforming to Sentences 3.3.4.4.(1) to (4) and (8).
(5)Exits are not required directly from rooftop enclosures that are provided with access to exits in conformance with Sentences 3.3.1.3.(5) and (6).
3.4.2.2. Means of Egress from MezzaninesCopy link
(1)Except as permitted by Sentences (2) and (3), the space above a mezzanine shall be served by means of egress leading to exits accessible at the mezzanine level on the same basis as floor areas.
(2)The means of egress from a mezzanine need not conform to Sentence (1), provided
(a)the mezzanine is not required to terminate at a vertical fire separation, as permitted in Sentence 3.2.8.2.(1),
(b)the occupant load of the mezzanine is not more than 60,
(c)the area of the mezzanine does not exceed the area limits stated in Table 3.4.2.2., and
(d)the distance limits stated in Table 3.4.2.2. measured along the path of travel are not exceeded from any point on the mezzanine to
(ii)the egress stairway leading to an access to exit in the space below if that space is required to be served by 2 or more egress doorways in conformance with Sentence 3.3.1.5.(1).
(3)At least half of the required means of egress from a mezzanine shall comply with Sentence (1) if the mezzanine is not required to terminate at a fire separation as permitted by Sentence 3.2.8.2.(1).
3.4.2.3. Distance Between ExitsCopy link
(1)Except as provided in Sentence (2), the least distance between 2 required exits from a floor area shall be
(a)one-half the maximum diagonal dimension of the floor area, but need not be more than 9 m for a floor area having a public corridor, or
(b)one-half the maximum diagonal dimension of the floor area, but not less than 9 m for all other floor areas. (See Note A-3.4.2.3.(1))
(2)Exits need not comply with Sentence (1) where
(a)the floor area is divided so that not less than one-third of the floor area is on each side of a fire separation, and
(b)it is necessary to pass through the fire separation to travel from one exit to another exit.
(3)The minimum distance between exits referred to in Sentence (1) shall be the shortest distance that smoke would have to travel between the exits, assuming that the smoke will not penetrate an intervening fire separation.
(4)The distance between 2 exterior discharges leading from two or more exit stairs serving the same floor area shall be
(a)not less than 9 m, or
(b)not less than 6 m, where
(i)the building is sprinklered throughout, and
(ii)the 2 exterior discharges are located within 15 m of a street.
3.4.2.4. Travel DistanceCopy link
(1)Except as permitted by Sentence (2), for the purposes of this Subsection, travel distance means the distance from any point in the floor area to an exit measured along the path of travel to the exit.
(2)The travel distance from a suite or a room not within a suite is permitted to be measured from an egress door of the suite or room to the nearest exit, provided
(a)the suite or room is separated from the remainder of the floor area by a fire separation
(i)having a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min in a floor area that is not sprinklered throughout, or
(ii)that is not required to have a fire-resistance rating, in a floor area that is sprinklered throughout, and
(b)the egress door opens onto
(i)an exterior passageway,
(ii)a corridor used by the public that is separated from the remainder of the floor area in conformance with the requirements in Article 3.3.1.4. for the separation of public corridors, or
(iii)a public corridor that is separated from the remainder of the floor area in conformance with Article 3.3.1.4. (See Note A-3.1.8.1.(1)(b))
(3)Travel distance to an exit shall be not more than 50 m from any point in a service space referred to in Sentence 3.2.1.1.(8).
(4)If there is a firewall in an elementary or secondary school, the travel distance shall not be measured to a door in the firewall, but shall be measured to an exterior exit door or an exit door to a stairway.
3.4.2.5. Location of ExitsCopy link
(1)Except as permitted by Sentences (2) and 3.3.2.5.(13) to (16), if more than one exit is required from a floor area, the exits shall be located so that the travel distance to at least one exit shall be not more than
(a)25 m in a high-hazard industrial occupancy,
(b)40 m in a business and personal services occupancy,
(c)45 m in a floor area that contains an occupancy other than a high-hazard industrial occupancy, provided it is sprinklered throughout,
(d)105 m in any floor area, served by a public corridor, in which rooms and suites are not separated from the remainder of the floor area by a fire separation, provided
(i)the public corridor is not less than 9 m wide,
(ii)the ceiling height in the public corridor is not less than 4 m above all floor surfaces,
(iii)the building is sprinklered throughout, and
(iv)not more than one-half of the required egress doorways from a room or suite open into the public corridor if the room or suite is required to have more than one egress doorway,
(e)60 m in any storage garage that conforms to the requirements of Article 3.2.2.92., and
(f)30 m in any floor area other than those referred to in Clauses
(2)Except for a high-hazard industrial occupancy, Sentence (1) need not apply if exits are placed along the perimeter of the floor area and are not more than 60 m apart, measured along the perimeter, provided each main aisle in the floor area leads directly to an exit.
(3)Exits shall be located and arranged so that they are clearly visible or their locations are clearly indicated and they are accessible at all times.
3.4.2.6. Principal EntranceCopy link
(1)For the purposes of this Section, at least one door at every principal entrance to a building providing access from the exterior at ground level shall be designed in accordance with the requirements for exits.
(2)In a building that is not sprinklered throughout in accordance with Sentence 3.2.5.12.(1), the principal entrance serving a dance hall or a licensed beverage establishment with an occupant load more than 250 shall provide at least one- half of the required exit width.
3.4.3. Width and Height of ExitsCopy link
3.4.3.1. Exit Width Based on Occupant LoadCopy link
(1)For the purpose of determining the aggregate width of exits, the occupant load of every room or floor area shall be determined in conformance with Subsection 3.1.17.
(2)Except as permitted by Sentence 3.4.3.2.(4), the required exit width shall be cumulative if 2 or more exits converge.
3.4.3.2. Exit WidthCopy link
(1)Except as permitted by Sentence (3), the minimum aggregate required width of exits serving floor areas intended for assembly occupancies, residential occupancies, business and personal services occupancies, mercantile occupancies, and industrial occupancies shall be determined by multiplying the occupant load of the area served by
(a)the stairs provide not less than 0.3 m² of area of treads and landings for each occupant of the interconnected floor space, or (See Note A-3.4.3.2.(6)(a))
(i)aisles,
(ii)stairs other than exit stairs, and
(iii)ramps and passageways in vomitories and exits, and
(b)protected floor space s conforming to Article 3.2.8.5. are provided at each floor level and the protected floor space on a floor level has not less than 0.5 m² of space for each occupant of that floor level of the interconnected floor space. (See Note A-3.4.3.2.(6)) (7) If more than one exit is required, every exit shall be considered as contributing not more than one-half of the required exit width. (8) The minimum widths of exits shall conform to Tables 3.4.3.2.-A and 3.4.3.2.-B. Table 3.4.3.2.-A Minimum Widths of Exit Corridors, Passageways, Ramps, Stairs and Doorways in Group A, Group B, Division 1, and Groups C, D, E and F Occupancies Forming Part of Sentence 3.4.3.2.(8) Occupancy Classification
(c)9.2 mm per person for
(i)ramps with a slope of more than 1 in 8, or
(ii)stairs, other than stairs conforming to Clause (b). (2) The minimum aggregate width of exits serving floor areas intended for a care, care and treatment or detention occupancy shall be determined by multiplying the occupant load of the area served by 18.4 mm per person. (3) The minimum aggregate width of means of egress serving a Group A, Division 4 occupancy shall be determined by multiplying the occupant load of the area served by
(2)Serving more than 2 storeys above the lowest exit level or more than 1 storey below the lowest exit level. Table 3.4.3.2.-B Minimum Widths of Exit Corridors, Passageways, Ramps, Stairs and Doorways in Group B, Division 2 and Division 3 Occupancies Forming Part of Sentence 3.4.3.2.(8) Occupancy Classification Ramps, mm Stairs, mm Doorways, mm
(3)Serving more than 2 storeys above the lowest exit level or more than 1 storey below the lowest exit level.
3.4.3.3. Exit Width ReductionCopy link
(1)Except as permitted by Sentences (2) to (4), no fixture, turnstile or construction shall project into or be fixed within the required width of an exit.
(2)Swinging doors in their swing shall not reduce the required width of exit stairs or landings to less than 750 mm or reduce the width of an exit passageway to less than the minimum required width.
(3)Exit doors shall be installed so that, when open, they shall neither diminish nor obstruct the required width of the exit by more than 50 mm for each door leaf.
(4)Handrails and construction below handrails, including handrail supports and stair stringers, are permitted to project into the required width of means of egress but the projections shall be not more than 100 mm on each side of the required width.
(5)In an elementary or secondary school, where a stair lift is installed in an exit stair, an intermediate handrail shall be installed between the path of travel of the stair lift and the remainder of the stair to ensure that the stair lift will not reduce the required width of the exit stair.
3.4.3.4. Headroom Clearance (See Note 3.4.3.4.)Copy link
(1)Except as provided by Sentences (2), (4) and (5), every exit shall have a clear height over the clear width of the exit of not less than 2 100 mm.
(2)The clear height of stairways shall be measured vertically, over the clear width of the stairway, from a straight line tangent to the tread and landing nosings to the lowest point above, and shall not be less than 2 050 mm. (See Note A- 9.8.7.4.)
(3)The clear height of landings shall be measured within the clear width of the landing vertically to the lowest element above.
(4)Except as permitted by Sentence (5), the clear height of doorways shall not be less than 2 030 mm.
(5)No door closer or other device shall be installed so as to reduce the clear height of a doorway to less than 1 980 mm.
3.4.4. Fire Separation of ExitsCopy link
3.4.4.1. Fire-Resistance Rating of Exit SeparationsCopy link
(1)Except as provided by Sentences (2) and (4) and Sentences 3.3.5.4.(3), 3.4.4.2.(2), 3.4.4.3.(1) and 3.13.3.1.(3), every exit shall be separated from the remainder of the building by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than that required by Subsection 3.2.2., but not less than 45 min, for
(a)the floor assembly above the storey, or
(b)the floor assembly below the storey, if there is no floor assembly above.
(2)The fire-resistance rating of the fire separation referred to in Sentence (1) need not be more than 2 h.
(3)If an exit stair in an assembly hall or theatre serves more than one balcony level, the exit stair shall be separated from the remainder of the building in conformance with Sentence (1).
(4)The path of exit travel may lead from an exit door or exit enclosure through open air parking that is located below a roof or floor assembly that is part of the building served by the exit door or exit enclosure, where
(a)the portion of the path of exit travel that leads through the open air parking is not more than 9 m in length measured from the exit door to a point at ground level at the perimeter of the building,
(b)measures are taken to prevent vehicles intended to park in spaces adjacent to the path of exit travel from encroaching on the path of exit travel, and
(c)an alternate means of egress not leading through the open air parking is available from the interior side of the door opening onto the path of exit travel through the open air parking area.
3.4.4.2. Exits Through LobbiesCopy link
(1)Except as permitted by Sentence (2), no exit from a floor area above or below the first storey shall lead through a lobby.
(2)Not more than one exit from a floor area is permitted to lead through a lobby, provided
(a)the lobby floor is not more than 4.5 m above grade,
(b)the path of travel through the lobby to the outdoors is not more than 15 m,
(c)the adjacent rooms or premises having direct access to the lobby do not contain a residential occupancy or an industrial occupancy, except that dwelling units may open directly onto the lobby, where
(i)from the interior of the exit stair that opens onto the lobby there is alternate means of egress not leading through the lobby and such means of egress is entirely within the same storey as the lobby, or
(ii)the floor area is sprinklered,
(d)except as required by Clause (g), the lobby is not located within an interconnected floor space other than as described in Sentence 3.2.8.2.(6),
(e)the lobby conforms to the requirements for exits, except that
(i)rooms other than service rooms and storage rooms are permitted to open onto the lobby,
(ii)the fire separation between the lobby and a room used for the sole purpose of control and supervision of the building need not have a fire-resistance rating,
(iii)the fire separation between the lobby and adjacent occupancies that are permitted to open onto the lobby need not have a fire-resistance rating provided the lobby and adjacent occupancies are sprinklered, and
(iv)passenger elevator entrances are permitted to open onto the lobby provided the elevator entrance doors are designed to remain closed except while loading and unloading, (See Note A-3.4.4.2.(2)(e))
(f)a fire separation, constructed in accordance with Sentence 3.4.4.1.(1), is maintained between the lobby and any exit permitted by this Sentence to lead through the lobby, and
(g)that if the exit serves a hotel, the lobby is not located within an interconnected floor space.
3.4.4.3. Exterior Passageway ExceptionsCopy link
(1)The requirements of Sentences 3.4.4.1.(1) and 3.2.3.13.(1) and (3) do not apply to an exterior exit passageway provided
(a)not less than 50% of the exterior side is open to the outdoors, and
(b)an exit stair is provided at each end of the passageway.
3.4.4.4. Integrity of ExitsCopy link
(1)A fire separation that separates an exit from the remainder of the building shall have no openings except for
(a)standpipe and sprinkler piping,
(b)electrical wires and cables, totally enclosed noncombustible raceways and noncombustible piping that serve only the exit,
(c)openings required by the provisions of Subsection 3.2.6.,
(d)exit doorways,
(e)wired glass and glass block permitted by Article 3.1.8.16., and
(f)a sprinkler protected glazed wall assembly conforming to Article 3.1.8.20.
(2)Exits within scissors stairs and other contiguous exit stairways shall be separated from each other by a smoke-tight fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than that required for the floor assembly through which they pass.
(3)Fire separations separating contiguous stairs described in Sentence (2) shall not be pierced by doorways, ductwork, piping or any other openings that affect the continuity of the separation.
(4)A fuel-fired appliance shall not be installed in an exit.
(5)An exit shall not be used as a plenum for a heating, ventilating or air-conditioning system.
(6)An exit shall be designed for no purpose other than for exiting, except that an exit is permitted also to be designed to serve as an access to a floor area.
(7)A service room shall not open directly into an exit.
(8)Storage rooms, washrooms, toilet rooms, laundry rooms and similar ancillary rooms shall not open directly into an exit.
(9)Service spaces referred to in Sentence 3.2.1.1.(8) shall not open directly into an exit.
(10)In elementary and secondary schools, an exit shall be designed so that it does not serve as an access from one portion of a floor area to another portion of the same floor area.
3.4.5. Exit SignsCopy link
3.4.5.1. Exit SignageCopy link
(1)Except as provided by Sentences (9) and (10), every exit door shall have an exit sign providing visual information placed over or adjacent to it if the exit serves
(a)a building more than 2 storeys in building height,
(b)a building having an occupant load of more than 150, or
(c)a room or floor area that has a fire escape as part of a required means of egress.
(2)Except as provided by Sentence (7), every exit sign providing visual information shall
(a)be visible on approach to the exit,
(b)consist of a green and white or lightly tinted graphical symbol meeting the colour specifications referred to in ISO 3864-1, “Graphical symbols – Safety colours and safety signs – Part 1: Design principles for safety signs and safety markings,” and
(c)conform to ISO 7010, “Graphical symbols – Safety colours and safety signs – Registered safety signs,” for the following symbols:
(i)E001 emergency exit left,
(ii)E002 emergency exit right,
(iii)E005 90-degree directional arrow, and
(iv)E006 45-degree directional arrow. (See Note A-3.4.5.1.(2)(c))
(3)Internally illuminated exit signs shall
(a)be continuously illuminated, and
(b)where illumination of the sign is powered by an electrical circuit, be constructed in conformance with CSA C22.2 No. 141, “Emergency Lighting Equipment.”
(4)Externally illuminated exit signs shall be continuously illuminated by a light fixture supplied by an electrical circuit. (4.1) Photoluminescent and self-luminous exit signs shall
(a)conform to CAN/ULC-S572, “Photoluminescent and Self-Luminous Signs and Path Marking Systems,”
(b)be labelled in accordance with the time duration for which they have been tested and listed,
(c)be so installed that upon failure of the regular power they will continue to be illuminated for the applicable time duration specified in Clause 3.2.7.4.(1)(b), and
(d)be continuously illuminated if reliant on an external energy source to energize the reflective coating of the sign. (See Note A-3.4.5.1.(4.1))
(5)If illumination of an exit sign is provided from an electrical circuit, that circuit shall
(a)serve no equipment other than emergency lighting in the area where exit signs are installed, and
(b)be connected to an emergency power supply as described in Sentence 3.2.7.4.(1).
(6)Where no exit is visible from a public corridor, from a corridor used by the public in a Group A or B major occupancy or from principal routes serving an open floor area having an occupant load of more than 150, an exit sign conforming to Clauses (2)(b) and
(c)with an arrow or other indicator pointing at the direction of egress shall be provided.
(7)Except for egress doorways described in Sentence 3.3.2.4.(4), an exit sign conforming to Sentences (2) to (5) shall be placed over or adjacent to every egress doorway from rooms with an occupant load more than 60 in Group A, Division 1 occupancies, dance halls, licensed beverage establishments and other similar occupancies that, when occupied, have lighting levels below the level that would provide easy identification of the egress doorway.
(8)Except for suite doors opening directly to the exterior, every exit serving a hotel shall have an exit sign placed over or adjacent to it.
(9)An exit sign is not required within a suite containing a Group B, Division 3 occupancy if the following requirements are met:
(a)the suite contains sleeping accommodation for not more than 10 persons, and
(b)not more than 6 occupants require assistance in evacuation in case of an emergency.
3.4.5.2. Exit Signs with Tactile InformationCopy link
(1)An exit sign displaying the word “EXIT” in tactile form that complies with Article 3.8.3.1. shall be mounted on the approach side of exit doors described in Sentence 3.4.5.1.(1), in the direction of travel to the exit.
3.4.5.3. Signs for Stairs and Ramps at Exit LevelCopy link
(1)In a building more than 2 storeys in building height, any part of an exit ramp or stair that continues up or down past the lowest exit level shall be clearly marked by a sign indicating that it does not lead to an exit.
(2)An exit stair serving a building more than 6 storeys in building height shall be clearly marked by signs indicating that it does not lead to an exit at the roof level. (See Note A-3.4.5.3.(2))
3.4.6. Types of Exit Facilities (See Note A-3.4.6.)Copy link
3.4.6.1. Surface Finish of Ramps and StairsCopy link
(1)The surfaces of ramps, landings and treads shall
(a)at the top of the stairs, starting one tread depth back from the edge of the top stair, and
(b)at the leading edge of landings where a doorway opens onto stairs, starting one tread depth back from the edge of the landing. (See Note A-3.4.6.1.(1.1))
(i)the leading edge of the tread,
(ii)the leading edge of the landing, and
(iii)the beginning and end of a ramp. (1.1) A tactile attention indicator conforming to Article 3.8.3.18. shall be installed
(2)Treads and landings of exterior exit stairs shall be designed to be free of ice and snow accumulations if the stairs
(a)are more than 10 m high, or
(b)serve a hotel.
3.4.6.2. Minimum Number of RisersCopy link
(1)Except as permitted by Sentence 3.3.2.15.(1), every flight of interior stairs shall have not less than 3 risers.
3.4.6.3. Maximum Vertical Rise of Stair Flights and Required LandingsCopy link
(1)No flight of stairs shall have a vertical rise of more than 3.7 m between floors or landings, except that a flight of stairs serving as an exit in a Group B, Division 2 or 3 occupancy shall have a vertical rise not more than 2.4 m between floors or landings.
(2)Except as provided in Sentence (3), a landing shall be provided
(a)at the top and bottom of each flight of interior and exterior stairs,
(b)at the top and bottom of every section of ramp,
(c)where a doorway opens onto a stair or ramp,
(d)where a ramp opens onto a stair, and
(e)where a stair opens onto a ramp.
(3)A landing may be omitted at the bottom of an exterior stair or ramp, provided there is no gate, door or fixed obstruction within the lesser of
(a)the width of the stair or ramp, or
(b)1 100 mm.
3.4.6.4. Dimensions of Landings (See Note A-3.4.6.4.)Copy link
(1)Except as provided in Sentences (2) and (6), a landing shall be at least as wide and as long as the width of the stairway in which it occurs.
(2)In a straight stairway and in a stairway that turns less than 90°, the length of the landing need not be more than the lesser of
(a)the required width of the stair or ramp, or
(b)1 100 mm.
(3)The length of a landing shall be measured perpendicular to the nosing of adjacent steps, at a distance equal to half the length required in Sentence (2), from the narrow edge of the landing.
(4)Where a doorway or stairway empties onto a ramp through a side wall, there shall be a level area extending across the full width of the ramp, and for a distance of 300 mm on either side of the wall opening, except one side if it abuts on an end wall.
(5)Where a doorway or stairway empties onto a ramp through an end wall, there shall be a level area extending across the full width of the ramp and along its length for not less than 900 mm.
(6)Where the direction of exit travel changes at a landing, the landing is permitted to be chamfered or curved in plan, provided the required width of the stair is maintained where measured perpendicular to the direction of exit travel across the landing.
3.4.6.5. HandrailsCopy link
(1)One handrail shall be provided on stairs that are less than 1 100 mm in width.
(2)One handrail shall be provided on each side of
(a)stairs that are 1 100 mm or more in width,
(b)curved flights of any width, and
(c)ramps.
(3)In addition to Sentence (2), intermediate handrails shall be provided so that
(a)a handrail is reachable within 825 mm of all portions of the required exit width, and
(b)at least one portion of the stair or ramp between two handrails is the required exit width for stairs or ramps as described in Sentences 3.4.3.2.(8) and 3.4.3.4.(4).
(4)Where a stair or ramp is wider than its required exit width, handrails shall be located along the most direct path of travel. (See Note A-3.4.6.5.(4))
(5)Handrails shall be continuously graspable along their entire length, be free of any sharp or abrasive elements, and have
(a)a circular cross-section with an outside diameter not less than 30 mm and not more than 50 mm, or
(b)a non-circular cross-section with a perimeter not less than 100 mm and not more than 160 mm and whose largest cross-sectional dimension is not more than 57 mm.
(6)The height of handrails on stairs, on aisles with steps and on ramps shall be measured vertically from the top of the handrail to
(a)a straight line drawn tangent to the tread nosings of the stair or aisle step served by the handrail, or
(b)the surface of the ramp, floor or landing served by the handrail.
(7)Except as provided in Sentence (8) and Clause 3.8.3.4.(1)(e), the height of handrails on stairs, on aisles with steps and on ramps shall be
(a)not less than 865 mm, and
(b)not more than 1070 mm.
(8)Handrails installed in addition to required handrails need not comply with Sentence (7).
(9)Required handrails shall be continuous throughout the length of
(a)a ramp, and
(b)a flight, from the bottom riser to the top riser. (See Note A-9.8.7.2.)
(10)Except as required by Sentence (16) and except where interrupted by doorways or newels at changes in direction, at least one handrail shall be continuous throughout the length of a stair or ramp, including at landings. (See Note A- 3.4.6.5.(10))
(11)Handrails shall be terminated in a manner that will not obstruct pedestrian travel or create a hazard. (See Note A- 3.4.6.5.(11))
(12)At least one handrail shall,
(a)in the case of a stair,
(i)extend horizontally at the required height, not less than 300 mm beyond the top riser, and
(ii)continue to slope for a depth of one tread beyond the bottom riser followed by a 300 mm horizontal extension, and
(b)in the case of a ramp, extend horizontally at the required height, not less than 300 mm beyond the top and bottom edges of the incline.
(13)The clearance between a handrail and any surface behind it shall be not less than
(a)60 mm, if the surface behind the handrail is rough or abrasive, or
(b)50 mm, in all other cases.
(14)Handrails and their supports shall be designed and constructed to withstand the loading values specified in Sentence 4.1.5.14.(7).
(15)A ramp shall have handrails on both sides.
(16)In a long-term care home, a Group B, Division 3 occupancy and a retirement home, a continuous handrail shall be provided on both sides of a stair throughout the length of the stair, including landings, except where a handrail is interrupted by doorways or newels at changes in direction.
3.4.6.6. GuardsCopy link
(1)Every exit shall have a wall or a well-secured guard on each side, where
(a)the difference in elevation is more than 600 mm between the walking surface and the adjacent surface, or
(b)the adjacent surface within 1.2 m of the walking surface has a slope of more than 1 in 2. (See Note A-9.8.8.1.)
(2)Except as required by Sentence (4), the height of guards for exit stairs and exit ramps, as well as their landings, shall be not less than 1 070 mm.
(3)The height of guards shall be measured vertically to the top of the guard from
(a)a line drawn through the outside edges of the stair nosings, or
(b)the surface of the ramp or landing.
(4)The height of guards for exterior stairs and landings more than 10 m above adjacent ground level shall be not less than 1 500 mm measured vertically to the top of the guard from the surface of the landing or a line drawn through the outside edges of the stair nosings.
(5)Except as provided in Sentence (5.1), openings through any guard that is required by Sentence (1) shall be of a size that will prevent the passage of a sphere having a diameter more than 100 mm unless it can be shown that the location and size of openings that exceed this limit do not represent a hazard. (5.1) Openings through any guard that is required by Sentence (1) and that is installed in a building of industrial occupancy shall be of a size that will prevent the passage of a sphere having a diameter more than 200 mm unless it can be shown that the location and size of openings that exceed this limit do not represent a hazard.
(6)In a stairway, a window for which the distance measured vertically between the bottom of the window and a line drawn through the outside edges of the stair nosings is less than 900 mm, or a window that extends to less than 1 070 mm above the landing, shall
(a)be protected by a guard that is
(i)located approximately 900 mm above a line drawn through the outside edges of the stair nosings, or
(ii)not less than 1 070 mm high measured to the top of the guard from the surface of the landing, or
(b)be fixed in position and designed to resist the lateral design loads specified for guards and walls in Articles 4.1.5.14. and 4.1.5.16.
(7)Unless it can be shown that the location and size of openings do not present a hazard, a guard shall be designed so that no member, attachment or opening located between 140 mm and 900 mm above the level being protected by the guard will facilitate climbing.
3.4.6.7. Ramp Slope (See also Article 3.8.3.5.)Copy link
(1)Except as provided in Sentence (2) and as provided for aisles in Article 3.3.2.5., ramps shall have a uniform slope along their length and a maximum slope of 1 in 12.
(2)Except as provided in Section 3.8., ramps in industrial occupancies shall have a uniform slope along their length and a maximum slope of
(a)1 in 6 for interior ramps, and
(b)1 in 10 for exterior ramps.
3.4.6.8. Treads and Risers (See Note A-9.8.4.)Copy link
(1)Except as permitted for dwelling units and by Sentence 3.4.7.5.(1) for fire escapes, steps in flights shall have a run of not less than 280 mm and not more than 355 mm between successive steps.
(2)Steps for stairs referred to in Sentence (1) shall have a rise between successive treads not less than 125 mm and not more than 180 mm.
(3)Except as provided in Article 3.3.4.7. and except for fire escape stairs, stairs that are principally used for maintenance and service, and stairs that serve industrial occupancies other than storage garages, steps for stairs shall have no open risers.
(4)Except in fire escape stairs and where an exterior stair adjoins a walkway as permitted in Sentence 3.4.6.3.(3), risers, measured as the vertical nosing-to-nosing distance, shall be of uniform height in any one flight, with a maximum tolerance of
(a)5 mm between adjacent treads or landings, and
(b)10 mm between the tallest and shortest risers in a flight.
(5)Except in fire escape stairs, treads shall have a uniform run with a maximum tolerance of
(a)5 mm between adjacent treads, and
(b)10 mm between the deepest and shallowest treads in a flight.
(6)Treads and risers shall not differ significantly in run and rise in successive flights in any stair system. (See Note A-3.4.6.8.(6))
(7)The slope of treads or landings shall not exceed 1 in 50.
(8)Except as permitted by Sentence (10), the top of the nosing of stair treads shall have a rounded or bevelled edge extending not less than 6 mm and not more than 13 mm measured horizontally from the front of the nosing.
(9)The front edge of stair treads in exits and public access to exits shall be at right angles to the direction of exit travel.
(10)If resilient material is used to cover the nosing of a stair tread, the minimum rounded or beveled edge required by Sentence (8) is permitted to be reduced to 3 mm.
3.4.6.9. Curved Flights in ExitsCopy link
(1)Exit stair flights shall consist solely of
(a)straight flights, or
(b)curved flights complying with Sentence (2).
(2)A curved flight used as an exit shall have
(a)a handrail on each side,
(b)a minimum run of 240 mm,
(c)treads with a run that conforms to Article 3.4.6.8. when measured at a point 300 mm from the centre line of the inside handrail at the narrow end of the tread, and
(d)an inside radius that is not less than twice the stair width.
(3)Tapered treads shall have a consistent angle and uniform run and rise dimensions in accordance with the construction tolerances described in Article 3.4.6.8. when measured at a point 300 mm from the centre line of the handrail at the narrow end of the tread.
(4)All tapered treads within a flight shall turn in the same direction.
3.4.6.10. Horizontal ExitsCopy link
(1)Except in an elementary or secondary school that is subdivided by a firewall, the floor area on each side of a horizontal exit shall be sufficient to accommodate the occupants of both floor areas, allowing not less than 0.5 m² of clear floor space per person, except that 1.5 m² shall be provided for each person in a wheelchair and 2.5 m² for each bedridden patient.
(2)If vestibules, enclosed balconies or bridges are used as parts of a horizontal exit, their clear width shall be not less than that of the exit doorways opening into them, except that handrails are not permitted to project into this clear width more than 100 mm.
(3)In a horizontal exit where there is a difference in level between the connected floor areas, slopes not more than those specified for ramps in Article 3.4.6.7. are permitted to be used.
(4)No stairs or steps shall be used at a horizontal exit.
(5)If 2 doors are provided in a horizontal exit that comprises a part of the required number of exits from the floor areas on both sides of the exit
(a)the doors shall be mounted adjacent to each other with the door on the right side in the direction of travel through the horizontal exit swinging in the direction of travel through the horizontal exit, and
(b)signs shall be provided on each side of the horizontal exit to indicate the door that swings in the direction of travel from that side. (See Note A-3.4.6.10.(5))
(6)If a horizontal exit utilizes bridges between buildings or outside balconies, the bridges or balconies shall conform to Article 3.2.3.19.
(7)Any change in floor level from one side of a horizontal exit to the other side shall not exceed 2 000 mm.
3.4.6.11. Doors (See also Sentence 3.8.3.6.(17))Copy link
(1)The distance between a stair riser and the leading edge of a door during its swing shall be not less than 300 mm.
(2)Except as provided in Sentence (3) and where a threshold is used to contain spillage, a threshold for a doorway in an exit shall be not more than 13 mm higher than the surrounding finished floor surface.
(3)No exit door shall open directly onto a step except that, if there is danger of blockage from ice or snow, an exit door is permitted to open onto not more than one step which shall be not more than 150 mm high.
(4)Exit doors shall be clearly identifiable. (See Note A-3.4.6.11.(4))
(5)No door leaf in an exit doorway with more than one leaf shall be less than 610 mm wide.
(6)Where an exit door leading directly to the outside is subject to being obstructed by parked vehicles or storage because of its location, a visible sign or a physical barrier prohibiting such obstructions shall be installed on the exterior side of the door.
3.4.6.12. Direction of Door SwingCopy link
(1)Except for doors serving a single dwelling unit and except as permitted by Sentences (2) and (3) and Article 3.4.6.14., every exit door shall
(a)open in the direction of exit travel, and
(b)swing on its vertical axis.
(2)Except in a high-hazard industrial occupancy, an exit door need not swing in the direction of exit travel where it serves
(a)a room, suite or floor area having an occupant load of not more than 60 persons, or
(b)as part of a means of egress from more than one floor area and the floor areas so served have a total occupant load of not more than 60 persons.
(3)Exit doors need not conform to Sentence (1) where they serve
(a)storage garages serving not more than one dwelling unit,
(b)accessory buildings serving not more than one dwelling unit, or
(c)storage suites not more than 28 m² in area that are on the first storey of a warehouse and open directly outdoors at ground level.
3.4.6.13. Self-Closing DevicesCopy link
(1)An exit door that is normally required to be kept closed
(a)shall be provided with a self-closing mechanism, and
(b)shall not be secured in an open position except as permitted by Sentence 3.1.8.14.(1).
3.4.6.14. Sliding DoorsCopy link
(1)Except as permitted by Sentences (2) and 3.4.6.12.(2), an exit door leading directly to outdoors at ground level is permitted to be a sliding door provided it conforms to Sentence 3.3.1.12.(1).
(2)An exit door serving a Group B, Division 1 occupancy, or an impeded egress zone in other occupancies, is permitted to be a sliding door that does not conform to Sentence 3.3.1.12.(1) provided it is designed to be released in conformance with Article 3.3.1.13.
3.4.6.15. Revolving DoorsCopy link
(1)Except as permitted by Sentence (3), a revolving door, if used, shall
(a)be collapsible,
(b)have hinged doors providing equivalent exiting capacity located adjacent to it,
(c)be used as an exit from the ground floor level only,
(d)be not less than 3 m from the foot of any stairway, and
(e)have all glass in door leaves and enclosure panels conforming to
(i)CAN/CGSB-12.1, “Safety Glazing,” or
(ii)CAN/CGSB-12.11-M, “Wired Safety Glass.”
(2)Except as permitted by Sentence (3), a revolving door shall not be considered to have an exiting capacity for more than 45 persons.
(3)An electrically powered revolving door is not required to conform to Sentences (1) and (2) provided
(a)the door leaves will collapse and stop automatic rotation of the door system and not obstruct the doorway if a force not more than that specified in Sentence 3.4.6.16.(2) is applied at the centre of a door leaf,
(b)the door leaves are capable of being opened from inside the building without requiring keys, special devices, or specialized knowledge of the door opening mechanism,
(c)the allowable exiting capacity is based on the clear width of passage through the door enclosure when the doors are fully collapsed,
(d)a permanent sign, whose centre line is between 1 000 mm and 1 500 mm above the floor, is placed on each face of each door leaf indicating the method for collapsing the door leaf in an emergency, and
(e)glass used for door leaves and enclosure panels is safety glazing conforming to
(i)CAN/CGSB-12.1, “Safety Glazing,” or
(ii)CAN/CGSB-12.11-M, “Wired Safety Glass.”
3.4.6.16. Door Release HardwareCopy link
(1)Except for dwelling units, except for devices on doors serving a contained use area or an impeded egress zone designed to be released in conformance with Article 3.3.1.13., and except as permitted by Sentence (5), locking, latching and other fastening devices on every exit door shall permit the door to be readily opened from the inside with not more than one releasing operation and without requiring keys, special devices or specialized knowledge of the door opening mechanism. (See Note A-3.4.6.16.(1))
(2)If a door is equipped with a latching mechanism, a device complying with Sentence (3) shall be installed on
(a)every exit door from a floor area containing an assembly occupancy having an occupant load more than 100,
(b)every door leading to an exit lobby from an exit stair shaft, and every exterior door leading from an exit stair shaft in a building having an occupant load more than 100, and
(c)every exit door from a floor area containing a high-hazard industrial occupancy.
(3)The device required in Sentence (2) shall
(a)extend across not less than one-half of the width of the door,
(b)release the latch, and
(c)allow the door to swing wide open when a force not more than that specified in Sentence 3.8.3.3.(7) is applied to the device in the direction of travel to the exit.
(4)Except as required by Sentence 3.8.3.3.(7), every exit door shall be designed and installed so that, when the latch is released, the door will open under a force of not more than 90 N, applied at the knob or other latch releasing device.
(5)Except as permitted by Sentence 3.3.1.13.(6), electromagnetic locks that do not incorporate latches, pins or other similar devices to keep the door in the closed position are permitted to be installed on exit doors other than doors described in Sentence (6) provided
(a)the building is equipped with a fire alarm system conforming to Subsection 3.2.4.,
(b)the locking device, and all similar devices in the access to exit leading to the exit door, are installed as ancillary devices to the fire alarm system and release immediately upon activation of
(i)the alarm signal where a single-stage fire alarm system is installed,
(ii)except as provided in Subclause (iii), the alert signal where a 2-stage fire alarm system is installed, or
(iii)the alarm signal of a 2-stage fire alarm system installed in a care, care and treatment or detention occupancy or in a retirement home,
(c)leading directly from a high-hazard industrial occupancy. (9) Electromagnetic locks are permitted to be installed on an exterior door leading from an exit stairway in a building containing only a Group B, Division 2 major occupancy, a Group B, Division 3 major occupancy or a retirement home. (10) Electromagnetic locks are permitted to be installed on an exit door that serves only a gaming premises if
(d)the locking device releases immediately upon actuation of a manually operated switch readily accessible only to authorized personnel and located near the main entrance of the building or in the central alarm and control facility of Sentence 3.2.6.7.(1),
(e)the locking device releases immediately upon a fault being detected in the electrical circuit between the fire alarm control panel and the controller of the locking device,
(f)the locking device releases immediately upon the operation of a manual station for the fire alarm system located on the wall not more than 600 mm from the door,
(g)a visual information sign complying with Article 3.8.3.1. that displays the words EMERGENCY EXIT UNLOCKED BY FIRE ALARM is permanently mounted on the door,
(h)a tactile information sign complying with Article 3.8.3.1. that displays the words EMERGENCY EXIT UNLOCKED BY FIRE ALARM is permanently mounted near the door,
(i)upon release, the locking device must be reset manually by the actuation of the switch referred to in Clause (d),
(j)the operation of any by-pass switch, where provided for testing of the fire alarm system, causes an audible signal and a visual signal to be indicated at the fire alarm annunciator panel and at the monitoring station referred to in Sentence 3.2.4.8.(4),
(k)emergency lighting conforming to 3.2.7.3.(1) is provided, and
(l)where they are installed on doors providing emergency crossover access to floor areas from exit stairs in accordance with Article 3.4.6.18.,
(i)the locking device releases immediately upon the operation of a manual station for the fire alarm system located on the wall on the exit stair side not more than 600 mm from the door,
(ii)a visual information sign displaying the words RE-ENTRY DOOR UNLOCKED BY FIRE ALARM that complies with Article 3.8.3.1. is permanently mounted on the door on the exit stair side, and
(iii)a tactile information sign displaying the words RE-ENTRY DOOR UNLOCKED BY FIRE ALARM that complies with Article 3.8.3.1. is permanently mounted near the door on the exit stair side. (See Note A-3.4.6.16.(5)) (6) Reserved. (7) Door release hardware for the operation of the doors referred to in this Section shall be installed between 900 mm and 1 100 mm above the finished floor. (8) Except as permitted by Sentences (9) and (10), electromagnetic locks are not permitted to be installed on exit doors
3.4.6.17. ReservedCopy link
3.4.6.18. Emergency Crossover Access to Floor AreasCopy link
(1)Except as permitted in Sentence (2), doors providing access to floor areas from exit stairs shall not have locking devices to prevent entry into any floor area from which the travel distance up or down to an unlocked door is more than 2 storeys.
(2)Doors referred to in Sentence (1) are permitted to be equipped with electromagnetic locks provided they comply with Sentences 3.4.6.16.(5) and (8).
(3)Doors referred to in Sentence (1) shall be identified by visual and tactile information signs complying with Article 3.8.3.1. mounted on the stairway side to indicate that they are openable from that side.
(4)Locked doors intended to prevent entry into a floor area from an exit stair shall
(a)be identified by visual and tactile information signs complying with Article 3.8.3.1. mounted on the stairway side to indicate the location of the nearest unlocked door in each direction of travel, and
(b)be openable with a master key that fits all locking devices and is kept in a designated location accessible to firefighters or be provided with a wired glass panel not less than 0.0645 m² in area and located not more than 300 mm from the door opening hardware.
(5)Where access to a floor area through unlocked doors is required by Sentence (1), it shall be possible for a person entering the floor area to have access through unlocked doors within the floor area to at least one other exit.
(6)In a building not more than 6 storeys in building height, doors providing access from exit stairs to a floor area containing a hotel are permitted to have locking devices to prevent entry into the floor area provided the requirements in Clause (4)(b) are complied with.
3.4.6.19. Floor Numbering and Identification of Stair ShaftsCopy link
(1)Arabic numerals indicating the assigned floor number in both visual and tactile forms in accordance with Article 3.8.3.1. shall, be mounted permanently on the wall on the stair side and on the floor side at the latch side of doors to exit stair shafts.
(2)Upper case letters indicating the designation assigned to each exit stair shaft in both visual and tactile forms in accordance with Article 3.8.3.1. shall mounted permanently on the wall on the stair side and on the floor side at the latch side of doors to exit stair shafts.
3.4.7. Fire EscapesCopy link
3.4.7.1. ScopeCopy link
(1)Except as permitted by Sentence (2), fire escapes shall not be erected on a building.
(2)If it is impracticable to provide one or more of the exit facilities listed in Article 3.4.1.4., fire escapes conforming to Articles 3.4.7.2. to 3.4.7.7. are permitted to serve floor areas in an existing building provided the floor areas served are
(a)not in an elementary or secondary school or a retirement home,
(b)not more than 2 storeys above ground level in care, care and treatment or detention occupancies, and
(c)not more than 5 storeys above ground level in other occupancies.
3.4.7.2. Fire Escape ConstructionCopy link
(1)Fire escapes shall be of metal or concrete, of the stair type extending to ground level, constructed throughout in a strong substantial manner and securely fixed to the building, except that wooden fire escapes are permitted to be used on buildings of combustible construction if all posts and brackets are not less than 89 mm in their least dimension and all other woodwork is not less than 38 mm in its least dimension.
3.4.7.3. Access to Fire EscapesCopy link
(1)Access to fire escapes shall be from corridors through doors at floor level, except that access from a dwelling unit is permitted to be through a casement window having an unobstructed opening not less than 1 100 mm high by 550 mm wide with a sill height of not more than 900 mm above the inside floor.
(2)The clear area of a fire escape balcony onto which a door opens, shall be not less than 1 m².
3.4.7.4. Protection of Fire EscapesCopy link
(1)If a fire escape serves any storey above the second, openings located in a zone described in Sentence (2), including access doorways in the exterior walls of the building to which the fire escape is attached, shall be protected by closures conforming to Subsection 3.1.8.
(2)The zone referred to in Sentence (1) extends from any balcony, platform or stairway of a fire escape to a distance
(a)3 m horizontally,
(b)10 m below, and
(c)1.8 m above.
3.4.7.5. StairsCopy link
(1)Stairs shall be inclined at an angle of not more than 45 with the horizontal, and their steps shall have risers not more than 210 mm high and treads not less than 220 mm wide exclusive of nosing.
(2)Stairway headroom shall be not less than 1 950 mm plus the height of one riser measured vertically above the nosing of any tread or platform.
(3)The width of a fire escape shall conform to Articles 3.4.3.1. to 3.4.3.3., except that the width is permitted to be reduced to 550 mm provided the fire escape serves
(a)not more than 3 storeys, and
(b)not more than 15 persons.
(4)If a flight of stairs leading to the ground at the foot of a fire escape is not fixed in position, it shall
(a)be held in the raised position without a latch or locking device,
(b)be fitted with a counterbalancing device,
(c)be easily and quickly brought into position for use, and
(d)reach the ground in the lowered position.
3.4.7.6. Guards and RailingsCopy link
(1)The open sides of every platform, balcony and stairway forming part of a fire escape shall be protected by guards not less than 920 mm high measured vertically above the nosing of any tread or platform.
(2)The top rail of a guard is permitted to serve as a handrail if it is free from obstructions that could break a handhold.
(3)A wall handrail shall be installed if the fire escape is more than 550 mm wide.
(4)Openings through any guard that is required by Sentence (1) shall be of a size that will prevent the passage of a sphere having a diameter more than 100 mm unless it can be shown that the location and size of openings that exceed this limit do not represent a hazard.
(5)Unless it can be shown that the location and size of an opening do not present a hazard, a guard for a fire escape shall be designed so that no member, attachment or opening located between 140 mm and 900 mm above a platform or the nosing of any tread will facilitate climbing.
3.4.7.7. LandingsCopy link
(1)Platforms for a fire escape shall be provided in conformance with the requirements for stair landings in Articles 3.4.6.3. and 3.4.6.4.
Section 3.5 Vertical TransportationCopy link
3.5.1. GeneralCopy link
3.5.1.1. ScopeCopy link
(1)This Section applies to vertical transportation facilities installed in a building, including elevators, escalators and dumbwaiters.
(2)Elevators in a building within the scope of Subsection 3.2.6. shall conform to Articles 3.2.6.4. and 3.2.6.5.
3.5.2. Elevator RequirementsCopy link
3.5.2.1. Required ElevatorCopy link
(1)Except as provided in Sentence (2), in a Group B, Division 2 or 3 occupancy, if sleeping rooms or patient or resident services are provided on more than one floor level and the floor levels are not connected by ramps conforming to Article 3.8.3.4., such floor levels shall be served by at least one elevator that is large enough to accommodate a stretcher in a horizontal position.
(2)Sentence (1) does not apply to those parts of a floor area classified as a Group B, Division 3 occupancy if
(a)those portions of the floor area contain sleeping accommodation for not more than 10 persons, and
(b)not more than six occupants require assistance in evacuating in the case of an emergency.
3.5.2.2. Barrier-Free DesignCopy link
(1)Passenger elevators shall conform to Appendix E of ASME A17.1 / CSA B44, “Safety Code for Elevators and Escalators.”
3.5.3. Fire SeparationsCopy link
3.5.3.1. Fire Separations for Elevator HoistwaysCopy link
(1)Except as permitted by Sentence (2), a vertical service space used as an elevator hoistway shall be separated from all other portions of each adjacent storey by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating conforming to Table 3.5.3.1. for the fire-resistance rating required by Subsection 3.2.2. for
(a)the floor assembly above the storey, or
(b)the floor assembly below the storey, if there is no floor assembly above. (2) Passenger elevators, other than those provided for firefighters in accordance with Article 3.2.6.5., are permitted to be located within interconnected floor space without being enclosed in a hoistway separated from the remainder of the building, provided the elevator machinery is located in a room separated from the remainder of the building by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than that required for hoistways by Sentence (1). Table 3.5.3.1. Fire Separation for Vertical Transportation Space Forming Part of Sentences 3.5.3.1.(1) and 3.5.3.2.(1)
3.5.3.2. Vertical Service Spaces for DumbwaitersCopy link
(1)A vertical service space containing a dumbwaiter shall be separated from all other portions of each adjacent storey by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating conforming to Table 3.5.3.1. for the fire-resistance rating required by Subsection 3.2.2. for
(a)the floor assembly above the storey, or
(b)the floor assembly below the storey, if there is no floor assembly above.
3.5.3.3. Fire Separations for Elevator Machine RoomsCopy link
(1)Except as permitted by Sentence (2), a room containing elevator machinery shall be separated from all other parts of the building by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than that required for the vertical service space containing the elevator hoistway.
(2)A room containing elevator machinery need not be separated from the elevator hoistway that it serves provided the room and the hoistway are separated from all other parts of the building by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than that required for the vertical service space containing the elevator hoistway.
3.5.4. Dimensions and SignsCopy link
3.5.4.1. Elevator Car DimensionsCopy link
(1)Except as provided in Sentence (2), if an elevator is installed to conform to the requirements of Article 3.3.1.7., or if one or more elevators are provided in a building more than three storeys in building height, each storey having elevator service shall be served by at least one elevator that has inside dimensions that will accommodate and provide adequate access for a patient stretcher 2 010 mm long and 610 mm wide in the prone position. (See Note A-3.5.4.1.(1))
(2)The inside dimensions stipulated in Sentence (1) do not apply to limited-use/limited-application elevators designed and installed in accordance with ASME A17.1 / CSA B44, “Safety Code for Elevators and Escalators.”
(3)An elevator satisfying the requirements of Sentence (1) shall be clearly identified on the main entrance level of the building.
Section 3.6 Service FacilitiesCopy link
3.6.1. GeneralCopy link
3.6.1.1. ScopeCopy link
(1)The provisions of this Section apply to horizontal service spaces, vertical service spaces, attic or roof spaces, ducts, crawl spaces, shaft spaces, service rooms, and mechanical penthouses, and facilities contained therein.
3.6.1.2. ReservedCopy link
3.6.1.3. ReservedCopy link
3.6.1.4. Storage Use ProhibitionCopy link
(1)Service spaces shall not be designed to facilitate subsequent use as storage space.
3.6.1.5. Appliances Installed Outside a BuildingCopy link
(1)A fuel-fired appliance installed on the roof of a building or in another location outside the building shall be installed not less than
(a)1.2 m from a property line, measured horizontally, and
(b)3 m from an adjacent wall of the same building if that wall contains any opening within 3 storeys above and 5 m horizontally from the appliance, unless every opening within these limits is protected by
(i)a closure having a fire-protection rating not less than 45 min determined in accordance with Article 3.1.8.4., or
(ii)a wired glass assembly permitted for use in a vertical fire separation and described in Article 2.3.15. of MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-2, “Fire Performance Ratings.”
3.6.1.6. Fixed Access LaddersCopy link
(1)If a fixed ladder is installed to provide access to a roof of a building, the design and installation of the attachment and anchorage system for the ladder shall be as described in MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-8, “Design, Construction and Installation of Anchorage System for Fixed Access Ladders.”
3.6.2. Service RoomsCopy link
3.6.2.1. Fire Separations Around Service RoomsCopy link
(1)Except as permitted by Sentences (2), (8), (9) and (10), fuel-fired appliances shall be installed in service rooms separated from the remainder of the building by fire separations having a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h. (See Note A-3.6.2.1.(1))
(2)Except as required by Sentence (3), a fuel-fired appliance that serves only one room or suite is not required to be installed in a service room separated from the remainder of the building.
(3)A solid-fuel-burning appliance shall not be located in a repair garage, a storage garage, or any other location where it could be exposed to flammable vapours or gases unless
(a)it is enclosed in a service room that is separated from the remainder of the building by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h,
(b)it is supplied with combustion air directly from outside the building, and
(c)the heat that it generates is supplied indirectly to the space served by means of ducts or piping.
(4)A service room containing an incinerator shall be separated from the remainder of the building by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than 2 h.
(5)Equipment that uses a liquid having a flash point below 93.3°C shall be installed in a service room separated from the remainder of the building by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h.
(6)Electrical equipment that is required to be located in a service room by a regulation made under the Electricity Act, 1998, shall be installed in a service room separated from the remainder of the building by a fire separation having a fire- resistance rating not less than 1 h.
(7)Except as permitted by Sentence (8), in a storey that is not sprinklered throughout, a service room that contains service equipment other than that addressed by Sentences (1) to (6), shall be separated from the remainder of the building by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h.
(8)Where a service room contains a limited quantity of service equipment, and the service equipment neither constitutes a fire hazard nor is essential to the operation of fire safety systems in the building, the requirements for a fire separation shall not apply.
(9)A fire separation is not required between a fireplace and the space it serves.
(10)A fire separation is not required between a rooftop appliance and the building it serves.
(11)The fire separation provisions for a fuel-fired appliance in a portable classroom shall conform to Article 3.9.3.7.
3.6.2.2. Service Rooms Under ExitsCopy link
(1)A service room containing service equipment subject to possible explosion, such as boilers operating in excess of 100 kPa (gauge) and some types of refrigerating machinery and transformers, shall not be located directly under a required exit.
3.6.2.3. Service EquipmentCopy link
(1)A service room containing space heating, space cooling and service water heating appliances is permitted to contain other service equipment such as electrical service equipment.
3.6.2.4. Incinerator RoomsCopy link
(1)A service room containing an incinerator shall not contain other fuel-fired appliances.
3.6.2.5. Storage of Combustible Refuse and RecyclingCopy link
(1)Except as required by Sentence 3.6.3.3.(9), a room for the temporary storage of combustible refuse and materials for recycling shall be
(a)separated from the remainder of the building by a fire separation with a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h, except that a fire separation with a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min is permitted where the fire-resistance rating of the floor assembly is not required to exceed 45 min, and
(b)sprinklered. (See Note A-3.6.2.5.(1))
3.6.2.6. Door Swing for Service RoomsCopy link
(1)A swing-type door from a service room containing a boiler or incinerator shall swing outward from the room, except that the door shall swing inward if the door opens onto a corridor or any room used for an assembly occupancy. (See also Sentence 3.4.4.4.(7))
3.6.2.7. Electrical Equipment VaultsCopy link
(1)Where an electrical equipment vault is required by the Electrical Safety Code adopted under Ontario Regulation 164/99 (Electrical Safety Code) made under the Electricity Act, 1998, the electrical equipment vault shall be totally enclosed by a fire separation of solid masonry or concrete construction having a fire-resistance rating of not less than 3 h if the vault is not provided with an automatic fire extinguishing system and not less than 2 h if the vault is so protected.
(2)Where a building is required to be sprinklered throughout, the electrical equipment vault described in Sentence (1) need not be sprinklered provided
(a)the vault is designed for no purpose other than to contain the electrical equipment, and
(b)a smoke detector is provided in the vault that will actuate the building fire alarm system in the event of a fire in the vault.
(3)A vault, that is part of a building and houses electrical equipment indoors, shall have
(a)roofs or ceilings consisting of reinforced concrete of adequate strength for the conditions and not less than 150 mm thick, and
(b)floors consisting of reinforced concrete of adequate strength for the conditions and not less than 150 mm thick, except that floors that are at excavation level are permitted to be of reinforced concrete not less than 100 mm thick.
(4)Walls, roofs or ceilings, and floors shall be adequately anchored together in a manner designed to resist dislodgement by explosion.
(5)Only pipes or ducts necessary for fire protection or the proper operation of the electrical installation shall penetrate the fire separations surrounding the electrical equipment vault.
(6)A ventilation duct or opening, that penetrates the fire separation to the outdoors, need not be protected by a closure at the penetration.
(7)Each door to an electrical equipment vault shall be provided with a substantial lock or padlock.
(8)Explosion-relief devices and vents or other protective measures shall be provided for every electrical equipment vault containing dielectric liquid-filled electrical equipment in conformance with Sentence 3.3.1.21.(3). (See Note A- 3.6.2.7.(8))
(9)Every electrical equipment vault shall be provided with a ventilation system designed in conformance with Part 6 to prevent the ambient temperature in the vault from exceeding 40°C.
(10)Where the vault ventilation system in Sentence (9) is directly from an outdoor area by natural ventilation without the use of ducts, and where the electrical equipment is the principal source of heat, the combined net area of inlet and outlet openings shall be not less than 0.002 m² /kVa of electrical equipment capacity with a minimum of 0.093 m², except that
(a)where equipment in the power class as described in CAN/CSA-C88-M, “Power Transformers and Reactors” is installed, ventilation requirements are permitted to be based on the actual full-load losses, or
(b)where the equipment is installed for emergency purposes only and is not normally energized, it need not be considered in determining the ventilation requirements.
(11)In the vault ventilation system in Sentence (10), the inlet for fresh air shall lead from an outdoor area and shall terminate at a point not more than 1 000 mm above the floor level of the vault.
(12)Where the vault ventilation system in Sentence (9) is a mechanical system, it shall be separate from the system for the remainder of the building and shall be designed so that
(a)the vault temperature is thermostatically controlled,
(b)the fan is located so that it may be serviced without danger to personnel,
(c)a high temperature alarm is provided in the vault,
(d)the system is automatically shut off in the event of a fire in the vault, and
(e)a filter is provided in the air inlet if there is a possibility of dirt being drawn in.
(13)All ventilation openings shall be protected in conformance with Sentences 6.3.2.9.(4) and (5) and the protection shall be installed in such a manner that it cannot be removed from the outside by the use of common tools and it is tamperproof.
(14)Except as permitted in Sentence (15), the floor of an electrical equipment vault referred to in Sentences (1) and (2) shall be liquid tight and surrounded by liquid tight walls and sills of sufficient height to confine within the vault all of the liquid from the largest item of electrical equipment, but to a height of not less than 100 mm.
(15)The floor of the electrical equipment vault described in Sentences (1) and (2) may be provided with a floor drain connected to a covered sump capable of holding all of the liquid from the largest item of electrical equipment, and the connection shall have a noncombustible trap to prevent the spread of fire from the vault to the sump.
(16)Where the electrical equipment vault is located in a hazardous location classified as Class II, Division 1 in accordance with the Electrical Safety Code adopted under Ontario Regulation 164/99 (Electrical Safety Code) made under the Electricity Act, 1998, it shall have
(a)no vent opening except to the exterior of the building, and
(b)suitable pressure-relief openings communicating only with the air outside the building.
(17)Where doors are provided between the vault described in Sentence (16) and the rest of the building, they shall have suitable seals such as weatherstripping to minimize the entrance of dust into the vault.
(18)Every electrical equipment vault shall be provided with
(a)adequate lighting, controlled by one or more switches located near the entrance,
(b)luminaires located so that they may be relamped without danger to personnel, and
(c)a grounded receptacle located in a convenient location inside the vault, near the entrance.
3.6.2.8. Emergency Power InstallationsCopy link
(1)Where a generator intended to supply emergency power for lighting, fire safety and life safety systems is located in a building, except where such building is used solely for the purpose of housing the generator and its ancillary equipment, it shall be located in a room that
(a)is separated from the remainder of the building by a fire separation with a fire-resistance rating not less than 2 h, and
(b)contains only the generating set and equipment that is related to the emergency power supply system.
3.6.2.9. Storage of Oxygen ContainersCopy link
(1)In a Group B, Division 2 or 3 occupancy or in a retirement home, a room for the storage of oxygen containers shall be
(a)separated from the remainder of the building by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h,
(b)designed for the storage of oxygen containers only,
(c)vapour tight,
(d)lined with noncombustible finish,
(e)separately exhausted to the exterior, and
(f)equipped with racks to store the containers.
3.6.3. Vertical Service Spaces and Service FacilitiesCopy link
3.6.3.1. Fire Separations for Vertical Service SpacesCopy link
(1)Except as provided in Articles 3.6.3.3. and 3.6.3.5. and Section 3.5., a vertical service space shall be separated from all other portions of each adjacent storey by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating conforming to Table 3.6.3.1. for the fire-resistance rating required by Subsection 3.2.2. for
(a)the floor assembly above the storey, or
(b)the floor assembly below the storey, if there is no floor assembly above. (See Note A-3.6.3.1.(1)) Table 3.6.3.1. Fire Separations for Vertical Service Space Forming Part of Sentence 3.6.3.1.(1)
(2)A vertical service space that does not extend through the roof of a building shall be enclosed at the top with construction having a fire-resistance rating not less than that required for the vertical service space walls.
(3)A vertical service space that does not extend to the bottom of a building shall be enclosed at the lowest level with construction having a fire-resistance rating not less than that required for the vertical service space walls.
(4)A vent from a vertical service space not extending to the roof shall be enclosed within the building with construction having a fire-resistance rating not less than that required for the vertical service space walls.
(5)Only openings that are necessary for the use of the vertical service space shall be permitted through a vertical service space enclosure.
3.6.3.2. Foamed Plastic ProtectionCopy link
(1)Foamed plastic insulation in a vertical service space shall be protected in conformance with Article 3.1.5.15.
3.6.3.3. Linen and Refuse ChutesCopy link
(1)A linen chute or refuse chute shall
(a)be impervious to moisture,
(b)have a smooth internal surface,
(c)be corrosion-resistant,
(d)be constructed of noncombustible material, and
(e)be located in a shaft in which there are no services other than noncombustible drain, waste and vent piping or noncombustible water piping.
(2)A shaft containing a linen chute or refuse chute shall have a fire-resistance rating conforming to Sentence 3.6.3.1.(1), but not less than
(a)1 h if the chute outlet for the discharge room is protected by an automatic, self-latching closure held open by a fusible link, or
(b)2 h if no closure is provided at the chute outlet into the discharge room.
(3)An interior linen chute or refuse chute shall extend not less than 1 m above the roof and shall be vented above the roof with a vent which
(a)has an unobstructed area not less than the cross-sectional area of the chute, and
(b)is equipped with a cover that will open automatically, or that can be opened manually, in the event of a fire in the chute.
(4)Intake openings for a linen chute or a refuse chute shall
(a)have an area not more than 60% of the cross-sectional area of the chute, and
(b)be fitted with closures designed to close automatically and latch after use.
(5)Intake openings for a linen chute or a refuse chute shall be located in rooms or compartments that
(a)have no dimension less than 750 mm,
(b)are separated from the remainder of the building by a fire separation with a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min,
(c)are designed for no other purpose, and
(d)do not open directly into an exit.
(6)Sprinklers shall be installed at the top of each linen chute or refuse chute, at alternate floor levels and in the room or bin into which the chute discharges.
(7)The room into which a linen chute discharges shall be separated from the remainder of the building by a fire separation with a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h.
(8)A refuse chute shall be equipped at the top with spray equipment for washing-down purposes.
(9)A refuse chute shall discharge only into a room or bin separated from the remainder of the building by a fire separation with a fire-resistance rating not less than 2 h.
(10)The room or bin into which a refuse chute discharges shall be of sufficient size to contain the refuse between normal intervals of emptying, be impervious to moisture and be equipped with a water connection and floor drain for washing- down purposes.
(11)A room into which a refuse chute discharges shall contain no service equipment that is not related to refuse handling and disposal.
3.6.3.4. Exhaust Duct Negative PressureCopy link
(1)If a vertical service space contains an exhaust duct that serves more than one fire compartment, the duct shall have a fan located at or near the exhaust outlet to ensure that the duct is under negative pressure.
3.6.3.5. Grease Duct Enclosures (See Note A- 3.6.3.5.)Copy link
(1)Except as provided in Sentence (2), fire separations enclosing grease ducts for commercial cooking operations shall conform to NFPA 96, “Standard for Ventilation Control and Fire Protection of Commercial Cooking Operations.”
(2)The fire-resistance rating of field-applied and factory-built grease duct enclosure assemblies shall be determined in conformance with CAN/ULC-S144, “Standard Method of Fire Resistance Test - Grease Duct Assemblies.”
3.6.4. Horizontal Service Spaces and Service FacilitiesCopy link
3.6.4.1. ScopeCopy link
(1)This Subsection applies to horizontal service spaces and service facilities, including ceiling spaces, duct spaces, crawl spaces and attic or roof spaces.
3.6.4.2. Fire Separations for Horizontal Service SpacesCopy link
(1)Except as provided in Article 3.6.3.5., a horizontal service space that penetrates a required vertical fire separation shall be separated from the remainder of the building it serves in conformance with Sentence (2).
(2)If a horizontal service space or other concealed space is located above a required vertical fire separation other than a vertical shaft, this space need not be divided at the fire separation as required by Article 3.1.8.3. provided the construction between this space and the space below is a fire separation with a fire-resistance rating equivalent to that required for the vertical fire separation, except that the fire-resistance rating is permitted to be not less than 30 min if the vertical fire separation is not required to have a fire-resistance rating more than 45 min. (See Note A-3.6.4.2.(2))
3.6.4.3. Plenum RequirementsCopy link
(1)A concealed space used as a plenum within a floor assembly or within a roof assembly need not conform to Sentence 3.1.5.18.(1) and Article 3.6.5.1. provided
(a)all materials within the concealed space have a flame-spread rating not more than 25 and a smoke developed classification not more than 50, except for
(i)tubing for pneumatic controls,
(ii)optical fibre cables and electrical wires and cables with combustible insulation, jackets or sheathes that are used for the transmission of voice, sound or data and conform to Sentences 3.1.4.3.(2) and 3.1.5.21.(2),
(iii)totally enclosed non-metallic raceways with an FT6 rating, when tested in accordance with Clause 3.1.5.23.(1)(a), in buildings required to be of noncombustible construction or in buildings or parts of buildings permitted to be of encapsulated mass timber construction, and
(iv)totally enclosed non-metallic raceways with an FT4 rating, when tested in accordance with Clause 3.1.5.23.(1)(a), in buildings permitted to be of combustible construction, and,
(b)the supports for the ceiling membrane are of noncombustible material having a melting point not below 760°C.
(2)If a concealed space referred to in Sentence (1) is used as a return-air plenum and incorporates a ceiling membrane that forms part of the required fire-resistance rating of the assembly, every opening through the membrane shall be protected by a fire stop flap that
(a)stops the flow of air into the concealed space in the event of a fire,
(b)is supported in a manner that will maintain the integrity of the ceiling membrane for the duration of time required to provide the required fire-resistance rating,
(c)conforms to CAN/ULC-S112.2, “Standard Method Fire Test of Ceiling Firestop Flap Assemblies,” and
(d)activates at a temperature approximately 30°C above the normal maximum temperature that occurs in the return-air plenum, whether the air duct system is operating or shut down.
3.6.4.4. Attic or Roof Space AccessCopy link
(1)An attic or roof space more than 600 mm high shall be provided with access from the floor immediately below by a hatchway not less than 550 mm by 900 mm or by a stairway.
3.6.4.5. Horizontal Service Space AccessCopy link
(1)A horizontal service space, consisting of ceiling and duct spaces, that is more than 1 200 mm high and 600 mm wide shall have inspection doors not less than 300 mm in both horizontal and vertical dimensions placed so that the entire interior of the duct or space can be viewed.
3.6.4.6. Crawl Space AccessCopy link
(1)A crawl space shall have at least one access opening not less than 550 mm by 900 mm.
3.6.5. Air Duct and Plenum SystemsCopy link
3.6.5.1. Duct MaterialsCopy link
(1)Except as permitted by Sentences (2) to (5) and Article 3.6.4.3., all ducts, duct connectors, associated fittings and plenums used in air duct systems shall be constructed of steel, aluminum alloy, copper, clay or other noncombustible material.
(2)Except as permitted by Sentence (3), ducts, associated fittings and plenums are permitted to contain combustible material provided they
(a)conform to the appropriate requirements for Class 1 duct materials in CAN/ULC-S110, “Standard Methods of Test for Air Ducts,”
(b)conform to Article 3.1.5.18. in a building required to be of noncombustible construction or in a building or part of a building permitted to be of encapsulated mass timber construction,
(c)conform to Subsection 3.1.9.,
(d)are used only in horizontal runs in a building required to be of noncombustible construction or in a building or part of a building permitted to be of encapsulated mass timber construction,
(e)are not used in vertical runs serving more than 2 storeys in a building permitted to be of combustible construction, and
(f)are not used in air duct systems in which the air temperature could be more than 120°C.
(3)Combustible ducts which are part of a duct system conveying only ventilation air and are contained entirely within a dwelling unit need not comply with the requirements of Sentences (1) and (2).
(4)Duct sealants shall have a flame-spread rating not more than 25 and a smoke developed classification not more than 50.
(5)Duct connectors that contain combustible materials and that are used between ducts and air outlet units shall
(a)conform to the appropriate requirements for Class 1 air duct materials in CAN/ULC-S110, “Standard Methods of Test for Air Ducts,”
(b)be not more than 4 m long,
(c)be used only in horizontal runs, and
(d)not penetrate a required fire separation.
3.6.5.2. Vibration Isolation ConnectorsCopy link
(1)Except as permitted by Sentence (2), vibration isolation connectors in air duct systems shall be noncombustible.
(2)Combustible fabric vibration isolation connectors are permitted provided they
(a)are not more than 250 mm long,
(b)comply with the flame-resistance requirements of CAN/ULC-S109, “Standard Method for Flame Tests of Flame- Resistant Fabrics and Films,” and
(c)are not used in a location where they are exposed to heated air or radiation from heat sources that could cause the exposed surface temperature to be more than 120°C.
3.6.5.3. TapeCopy link
(1)Tape used to seal joints in air ducts, plenums and other parts of air duct systems shall meet the flame-resistance requirements for fabric in CAN/ULC-S109, “Standard Method for Flame Tests of Flame-Resistant Fabrics and Films.”
3.6.5.4. Coverings, Linings, Adhesives and InsulationCopy link
(1)Coverings, linings and associated adhesives and insulation for air ducts, plenums and other parts of air duct systems that would have an exposed surface temperature more than 120°C when exposed to heated air or radiation from heat sources shall be of noncombustible material.
(2)Except as permitted by Sentence (3), combustible coverings and linings, including associated adhesives and insulation, shall have
(a)a flame-spread rating not more than 25 on any exposed surface, or any surface that would be exposed by cutting through the material in any direction, and
(b)a smoke developed classification not more than 50.
(3)The outer covering of ducts, plenums and other parts of air duct systems used within an assembly of combustible construction is permitted to have
(a)an exposed surface flame-spread rating not more than 75, and
(b)a smoke developed classification not more than 50.
(4)Combustible coverings and linings referred to in Sentences (2) and (3) shall not flame, glow, smoulder or smoke when tested in accordance with the method of test in ASTM C411, “Standard Specification for Hot-Surface Performance of High-Temperature Thermal Insulation,” at the maximum temperature to which the coverings and linings are to be exposed in service.
(5)Except as permitted by Sentence (6), foamed plastic insulation shall not be used as part of an air duct system or for insulating an air duct.
(6)Foamed plastic insulation is permitted to be installed in a ceiling space that is used as a return air plenum provided the foamed plastic insulation is protected from exposure to the plenum in accordance with Article 3.1.5.15.
(7)Combustible coverings and linings of ducts, including associated adhesives and insulation, shall be interrupted where the duct penetrates a fire separation and at the immediate area of operation of heat sources in a duct system, including electric resistance heaters or fuel-burning heaters or furnaces.
3.6.5.5. Insulation and CoveringsCopy link
(1)Insulation and coverings on pipes in which the temperature of the fluid exceeds 120°C shall
(a)be made of noncombustible material, or
(b)not flame, glow, smoulder or smoke when tested in accordance with ASTM C411, “Standard Specification for Hot- Surface Performance of High-Temperature Thermal Insulation,” at the maximum temperature to which the insulation or covering is to be exposed in service.
(2)Except as permitted by Sentence (5), where combustible insulation is used on piping in a horizontal service space or a vertical service space, the insulation and coverings on that piping shall have a flame-spread rating, on any exposed surface and on any surface that would be exposed by cutting through the material in any direction,
(a)not more than 25 in a building required to be of noncombustible construction or in a building or part of a building permitted to be of encapsulated mass timber construction, or
(b)not more than 75 in a building permitted to be of combustible construction.
(3)Except as permitted by Sentence (5), insulation and coverings on piping located in rooms and spaces other than the service spaces described in Sentence (2) shall have a flame-spread rating not more than that required for the interior finish of the ceiling of the room or space.
(4)Except as permitted by Sentence (5), combustible insulation and covering used on piping in a building within the scope of Subsection 3.2.6. shall have a smoke developed classification not more than 100.
(5)No flame-spread rating or smoke developed classification limits are required for combustible insulation and coverings used on piping located within a
(a)concealed space in a wall,
(b)floor slab, or
(c)noncombustible enclosure.
3.6.5.6. Clearance of Ducts and PlenumsCopy link
(1)The clearance of furnace plenums from combustible material shall conform to the requirements of the appropriate standards referenced in Sentence 6.2.1.5.(1).
(2)If the plenum clearance required in accordance with Sentence (1) is not more than 75 mm, the clearance between a supply duct and combustible material shall be not less than
(a)the required plenum clearance within a horizontal distance of 450 mm from the plenum, and
(b)12 mm at a horizontal distance of 450 mm or more from the plenum, except that this clearance is permitted to be reduced to zero beyond a bend or offset in the duct sufficiently large to shield the remainder of the supply duct from direct radiation from the furnace heat exchanger. (See Note A-3.6.5.6.(2))
(3)If the plenum clearance required in accordance with Sentence (1) is more than 75 mm but not more than 150 mm, the clearance between a supply duct and combustible material shall be not less than
(a)the required plenum clearance within a horizontal distance of 1 800 mm from the plenum, and
(b)12 mm at a horizontal distance of 1 800 mm or more from the plenum, except that this distance is permitted to be reduced to zero beyond a bend or offset in the duct sufficiently large to shield the remainder of the supply duct from direct radiation from the furnace heat exchanger. (See Note A-3.6.5.6.(3))
(4)If the plenum clearance required in accordance with Sentence (1) is more than 150 mm, the clearance between a supply duct and combustible material shall be not less than
(a)the required plenum clearance within a horizontal distance of 1 000 mm from the plenum,
(b)150 mm within a horizontal distance between 1 000 mm and 1 800 mm from the plenum, and
(c)25 mm at a horizontal distance of 1 800 mm or more from the plenum, except that this distance is permitted to be reduced to 8 mm beyond a bend or offset in the duct sufficiently large to shield the remainder of the supply duct from direct radiation from the furnace heat exchanger. (See Note A-3.6.5.6.(4))
(5)If a register is installed in a floor directly over a pipeless furnace, a double-walled register box with not less than 100 mm between walls, or a register box with the warm-air passage completely surrounded by the cold-air passage, shall be permitted instead of the clearances listed in Sentences (2) to (4).
3.6.5.7. Supply, Return, Intake and Exhaust-Air OpeningsCopy link
(1)Combustible grilles, diffusers and other devices for supply, return, and exhaust-air openings in rooms shall conform to the flame-spread rating and smoke developed classification requirements for the interior finish of the surface on which they are installed.
3.6.5.8. Return-Air SystemCopy link
(1)Except as required by Sentences (2) and (3), return ducts shall be constructed of material having a flame-spread rating not more than 150.
(2)If any part of a return duct will be exposed to radiation from the furnace heat exchanger or other radiating part within the furnace, that part of a return duct directly above or within 600 mm of the outside furnace casing shall be noncombustible.
(3)Return ducts serving solid-fuel-burning furnaces shall be constructed of noncombustible material.
(4)Combustible return ducts shall be lined with noncombustible material
(a)below floor registers,
(b)at the bottom of vertical ducts, and
(c)under furnaces having a bottom return.
Section 3.7 Health RequirementsCopy link
3.7.1. Height and Area of RoomsCopy link
3.7.1.1. Room and Space HeightCopy link
(1)The height of every room and space shall be sufficient so that the ceiling or ceiling fixtures do not obstruct movement or activities below.
(2)The unobstructed height in dwelling units and sleeping rooms in Group C occupancies shall conform to Subsection 9.5.3.
3.7.1.2. Residential Room DimensionsCopy link
(1)The areas of rooms in dwelling units, dormitories, boarding houses and rooming houses shall conform to Part 9.
3.7.1.3. Sleeping Areas in Group B and Child Care FacilitiesCopy link
(1)Except as provided in Sentence (2), a sleeping area in a Group B occupancy shall provide not less than 4.7 m² per person in a room having
(a)an area not less than 7 m²,
(b)a horizontal dimension not less than 2 000 mm, and
(c)a ceiling height not less than 2 300 mm.
(2)Sleeping rooms for residents in long-term care homes shall have, exclusive of space provided for washrooms and for built-in or portable clothes closets, a floor space not less than
(a)10.22 m² in a single-bed unit,
(b)16.72 m² in a two-bed unit,
(c)25.08 m² in a three-bed unit, and
(d)29.73 m² in a four-bed unit.
(3)A child care facility shall provide sleeping accommodation having not less than 0.93 m² of floor surface area for each child with not less than 2 300 mm ceiling height over the entire room area.
3.7.1.4. Sleeping Areas in CampsCopy link
(1)Recreational camps shall have an area in the sleeping quarters of not less than 3.72 m² per camper or, if double or triple tier bunk units are used, 2.79 m² per camper.
(2)A camp for housing of workers shall have an area of not less than 3.72 m² per employee in every room used for sleeping purposes.
3.7.2. WindowsCopy link
3.7.2.1. Window AreasCopy link
(1)Except as provided in Sentences (2) and (3) or otherwise permitted, every room used for sleeping in any building, and every principal room such as living room, dining room or combination of them in dwelling units shall be provided with windows having areas conforming to Part 9, except that Article 9.9.10.1. does not apply. (See Note A-3.7.2.1.(1))
(2)Long-term care homes shall have,
(a)in an activity room, a sitting room or a lounge, one or more windows with a total unobstructed glass area, exclusive of skylights, of not less than 10% of the area of the room, and
(b)in a residents’ sleeping room, one or more windows that
(i)have a total unobstructed glass area, exclusive of skylights, of not less than 10% of the area of the room,
(ii)open to the outdoors and have a total unobstructed glass area, exclusive of skylights, of not less than 5% of the area of the room, and
(iii)are installed with the bottom edge of the glass of every window not more than 660 mm above the floor.
(3)Play activity rooms in a child care facility and work areas in live/work units shall have one or more windows that conform to Clause (2)(a).
3.7.3. ReservedCopy link
3.7.4. Plumbing FacilitiesCopy link
3.7.4.1. Plumbing and Drainage SystemsCopy link
(1)Except as provided in Sentence (3), each building situated on property that abuts on a street in which a public or municipal water main is located shall be provided with or have accessible to its occupants a plumbing system including a potable water supply, a sanitary drainage system and plumbing fixtures.
(2)When the installation of a sanitary drainage system is not possible because of the absence of a water supply, sanitary privies, chemical closets or other means for the disposal of human waste shall be provided.
(3)Plumbing fixtures need not be provided in a building that is not normally occupied by persons where such installations are impractical and other fixtures are available in nearby buildings when the subject building is in use.
3.7.4.2. Plumbing Fixtures, GeneralCopy link
(1)Except as provided in Sentence (2), for the purposes of this Subsection, the occupant load shall be determined in accordance with the provisions in Subsection 3.1.17. except that in a Group D occupancy, the area per person shall be 14 m². (See Note A-3.7.4.2.(1))
(2)For the purpose of this Subsection, the occupant load for floor areas that are classified as an industrial occupancy is permitted to be based solely on the total number of staff for which the floor area is designed, where the floor area is only intermittently occupied or where the presence of occupants is transitory. (See Note A-3.7.4.2.(2))
(3)Except as permitted by this Subsection, water closets shall be provided for each sex assuming that the occupant load is equally divided between males and females, unless the proportion of each sex expected in the building can be determined with reasonable accuracy. (See Note A-3.7.4.2.(3))
(4)Except as provided in Sentence (5), urinals are permitted to be substituted for water closets required by this Subsection for males and may be counted as water closets provided the number of urinals is not more than
(a)one-fifth of the required number of water closets in hospitals and long-term care homes, and
(b)two-thirds of the required number of water closets in any other occupancy.
(5)If only two water closets are required for males, one urinal is permitted to be substituted for one of the water closets.
(6)Except as required in this Subsection, at least one lavatory shall be provided in a room containing one or two water closets or urinals, and at least one additional lavatory shall be provided for each additional two water closets or urinals. (See Note A-3.7.4.2.(6))
(7)Wash fountains in circular or straight trough form are permitted to be provided in lieu of required lavatories provided each 500 mm of circumference or trough length is considered to be the equivalent of one lavatory.
(8)The water closet and lavatory provided in the universal washroom described in Sentence 3.8.3.12.(1) may be counted as part of the plumbing fixtures required for males and females in this Subsection if
(a)more than one water closet is required for males, and
(b)more than one water closet is required for females.
(9)Where one water closet is required for males and one water closet is required for females, the following may be provided in lieu of the water closets otherwise required by this Subsection:
(a)one universal washroom conforming to Sentence 3.8.3.12.(1), and
(b)one washroom containing one water closet that is permitted to be used by both sexes provided the door to the room can be locked from the inside. (See Note A-3.7.4.2.(9))
(10)Both sexes are permitted to be served by a single water closet if the occupant load is not more than 10 persons in an assembly occupancy referred to in Article 3.7.4.3. except for
(a)elementary and secondary schools,
(b)child care facilities,
(c)places of worship, and
(d)undertaking premises.
(11)Any shelf or projection above a lavatory shall be located so that it will not be a hazard.
(12)Except for dwelling units, lavatories required by Sentence (6) shall be equipped with faucets that
(a)operate automatically, or
(b)have a manual control that
(i)has a lever type handle or is otherwise operable with a closed fist,
(ii)does not require the application of continuous force to maintain water flow, and
(iii)where metered, provides at least 10 s of water flow.
3.7.4.3. Plumbing Fixtures for Assembly OccupanciesCopy link
(1)Except as provided by Sentences (2) to (16) and Sentence 3.7.4.2.(10), the number of water closets required for assembly occupancies shall conform to Table 3.7.4.3.-A.
(2)Except for motion picture theatres, the number of water closets required for Group A, Division 1 occupancies shall conform to Table 3.7.4.3.-B. Table 3.7.4.3.-B Water Closets for Assembly Occupancies Forming Part of Sentence 3.7.4.3.(2)
(3)The number of water closets required shall conform to Table 3.7.4.3.-C for
(a)motion picture theatres,
(b)Group A, Division 3 occupancies,
(c)Group A, Division 4 occupancies, and
(d)outdoor pools. Table 3.7.4.3.-C Water Closets for Assembly Occupancies Forming Part of Sentences 3.7.4.3.(3) and 3.11.9.1.(4)
(4)Except as provided in Sentences (6) and (7), the number of water closets required for dining rooms, restaurants and cafeteria shall conform to Table 3.7.4.3.-D. Table 3.7.4.3.-D Water Closets for Assembly Occupancies Forming Part of Sentences 3.7.4.3.(4) and (7)
(5)The number of water closets required for establishments used primarily for the consumption of alcoholic beverages that provide limited or no food service shall conform to Table 3.7.4.3.-E.
(6)In every dining room, restaurant, cafeteria and alcoholic beverage establishment having more than 40 seats, separate sanitary facilities shall be provided for employees, in addition to facilities provided for patrons, and the number of water closets and lavatories required shall conform to Table 3.7.4.3.-F. Table 3.7.4.3.-F Plumbing Fixtures for Assembly Occupancies Forming Part of Sentence 3.7.4.3.(6)
(7)Except as provided in Sentence (8), in every dining room, restaurant, cafeteria and alcoholic beverage establishment having not more than 40 seats, employees are permitted to share the sanitary facilities provided for patrons, and the minimum number of water closets shall conform to Table 3.7.4.3.-D based on
(a)a male occupant load of 50% of the number of seats plus the number of male employees, and
(b)a female occupant load of 50% of the number of seats plus the number of female employees.
(8)Where a separate employee washroom is provided, the same room may be used by both female and male employees provided that
(a)the total number of employees is not more than 5, and
(b)the door to the room can be locked from the inside.
(9)The number of employees in Sentences (6) to (8) shall be the maximum number of employees who are normally present on the premises at one time and shall include only those who are present for more than 25 per cent of the working day.
(10)For a parking lot that is part of a restaurant where patrons are intended to eat in vehicles parked on the lot, the number of water closets required shall conform to,
(a)Table 3.7.4.3.-G where food service by employees is not provided on the parking lot, or
(b)Table 3.7.4.3.-H where employees serve food on the parking lot.
(11)The number of water closets required for drive-in theatres shall conform to Table 3.7.4.3.-H.
(12)The number of water closets required for dance halls and recreational establishments shall be at least one fixture for each 100 males and one fixture for each 75 females.
(13)In a child care facility the maximum number of children per water closet and lavatory shall conform to Table 3.7.4.3.-I.
(14)The number of water closets required for elementary and secondary schools shall be at least one fixture for each 30 males and one fixture for each 26 females.
(15)The number of water closets required for non-residential college buildings shall be at least one fixture for each 100 males and one fixture for each 75 females.
(16)The number of water closets required for places of worship and undertaking premises shall be at least one fixture for each 150 persons of each sex. Table 3.7.4.3.-G Water Closets for Assembly Occupancies Forming part of Sentence 3.7.4.3.(10)
3.7.4.4. Plumbing Fixtures for Care, Care and Treatment or Detention OccupanciesCopy link
(1)The number of water closets and lavatories required for Group B, Division 1 occupancies shall be determined on the basis of the special needs of these occupancies.
(2)In a Group B, Division 2 or 3 occupancy, washrooms shall be provided so that each washroom
(a)serves not more than four patients or residents,
(b)is accessible from patients’ or residents’ sleeping rooms,
(c)contains one water closet, and
(d)contains one lavatory.
(3)The number of water closets required for employees in Group B, Division 2 or 3 occupancies shall conform to Table 3.7.4.4.
3.7.4.5. Plumbing Facilities for Dwelling UnitsCopy link
(1)A dwelling unit where a piped water supply is available shall be provided with a
(a)kitchen sink,
(b)lavatory,
(c)water closet or drainless composting water closet, and
(d)bathtub or shower stall.
3.7.4.6. Plumbing Fixtures for Other Residential OccupanciesCopy link
(1)Except for dwelling units and as provided in Sentence (2), the number of water closets required for residential occupancies shall conform to Table 3.7.4.6. Table 3.7.4.6. Water Closets For Residential Occupancies Forming Part of Sentence 3.7.4.6.(1)
(2)At least one water closet or privy shall be provided for every
(a)10 campers of each sex in a recreational camp, and
(b)10 employees of each sex in a camp for housing of workers.
(3)In recreational camps and camps for housing of workers, no fewer than two lavatories or provision for a pail or other portable container of sound construction shall be provided for each of the water closets or privies required in Sentence (2).
(4)A camp for housing of workers shall include
(a)at least one shower or other area of bathing, and
(b)provisions for at least one washing machine or laundry tub for every 15 beds.
3.7.4.7. Plumbing Fixtures for Business and Personal Services OccupanciesCopy link
(1)Except as provided in Sentence (2), the number of water closets required for business and personal services occupancies shall conform to Table 3.7.4.7.
(2)Not more than one water closet to serve both sexes need be provided in a Group D occupancy having an occupant load of not more than 10 persons. Table 3.7.4.7. Water Closets for Business and Personal Services Occupancies Forming Part of Sentence 3.7.4.7.(1)
3.7.4.8. Plumbing Fixtures for Mercantile OccupanciesCopy link
(1)Except as provided in this Article, the number of water closets required for employees in mercantile occupancies shall conform to Table 3.7.4.8.
(2)Except as provided in Sentence (4), the number of water closets required for the public in mercantile occupancies shall be at least one fixture for each 300 males and one fixture for each 150 females, except that
(a)water closets provided for employees are permitted to be counted as part of those required for the public when these water closets are made accessible to the public, and
(b)where the total area of the mercantile occupancy, excluding basements, is not more than 600 m², not more than one water closet for each sex need be provided. Table 3.7.4.8. Water Closets for Mercantile Occupancies Forming Part of Sentence 3.7.4.8.(1)
(3)Not more than one water closet to serve both sexes need be provided in a Group E occupancy where
(a)the occupant load is not more than nine persons, or
(b)where the total area of the occupancy, excluding basements, is not more than 300 m².
(4)For a restaurant classified as mercantile occupancy, the number of water closets and lavatories required shall conform to Article 3.7.4.3.
3.7.4.9. Plumbing Fixtures for Industrial OccupanciesCopy link
(1)Except as provided in Sentence (2), the number of water closets and lavatories required for industrial occupancies shall conform to Table 3.7.4.9.
(2)Not more than one water closet to serve both sexes need be provided in a Group F occupancy where,
(a)the occupant load is not more than 10 persons, or
(b)the total area of the occupancy, excluding basements, is not more than 300 m². Table 3.7.4.9. Plumbing Fixtures for Industrial Occupancies Forming Part of Sentence 3.7.4.9.(1)
3.7.4.10. GlazingCopy link
(1)Glazing used for a shower or bathtub enclosure shall conform to Class A of CAN/CGSB 12.1, “Safety Glazing.”
3.7.4.11. Surface ProtectionCopy link
(1)Wall and floor surfaces below the uppermost surfaces of urinals shall be protected from deterioration by impervious and durable material for a distance from the urinal to a point not less than 900 mm from the projected outline of the urinal on to the wall or floor.
(2)Floor surfaces around a water closet shall be protected from deterioration by impervious and durable material for a distance not less than 900 mm from the projected outline of the water closet on to the floor.
3.7.4.12. Floor DrainsCopy link
(1)A floor drain shall be installed in a washroom for public use that contains a urinal or a water closet equipped with an automatic flushing device. (See Note A-3.7.4.12.(1))
3.7.4.13. Grab Bar InstallationCopy link
(1)Grab bars that are installed shall resist a minimum load of 1.3 kN applied vertically or horizontally.
3.7.4.14. Clearances for Water ClosetsCopy link
(1)Except in a dwelling unit and except as required by Section 3.8., a minimum clearance of 380 mm shall be provided in front of a water closet. (See Note A-3.7.4.14.(1))
3.7.4.15. PrivacyCopy link
(1)If a room contains not more than 1 water closet, the doorway to the room shall be provided with a full height door that is capable of being locked from the inside.
(2)Except in a room for private use, water closets, urinals, showers and bathtubs shall not be visible from the entrance to the room where it contains at least
(a)two water closets,
(b)one water closet and one urinal,
(c)one shower stall, or
(d)one bathtub.
3.7.4.16. Water Temperature ControlCopy link
(1)A water distribution system supplying hot water to plumbing fixtures shall conform to the requirements in Subsection 7.2.10.
3.7.4.17. Drinking WaterCopy link
(1)On every floor where work will be performed and within 100 m of any area where work will be performed, potable water shall be provided from
(a)a fountain with an upward jet,
(b)a tap from a piped water supply, or
(c)a tap from a covered vessel.
3.7.4.18. PharmaciesCopy link
(1)Every pharmacy shall be provided with a sink with hot and cold potable water for washing utensils used in the preparation, service or storage of drugs.
3.7.4.19. Plumbing Fixtures for Mobile Home FacilitiesCopy link
(1)If mobile homes do not have individual plumbing facilities connected to a central water supply and drainage system, a service building shall be provided for public use.
(2)The service building required by Sentence (1) shall contain
(a)at least one water closet for each sex if the service building facilities serve not more than 10 mobile homes, and
(b)an additional water closet for each sex for each additional 10 mobile homes.
(3)If a service building is required by Sentence (1) it shall contain lavatories as required by Sentence 3.7.4.2.(5) and at least
(a)one laundry tray or similar facility, and
(b)one bathtub or shower for each sex.
3.7.5. Health Care Facility SystemsCopy link
3.7.5.1. Electrical SystemsCopy link
(1)In anaesthetizing locations, electrical systems shall be designed, constructed, installed and tested in conformance with CSA Z32, “Electrical Safety and Essential Electrical Systems in Health Care Facilities.”
3.7.5.2. Medical Gas PipingCopy link
(1)All medical gas piping systems shall be designed, constructed, installed and tested in conformance with
(a)CSA Z7396.1, “Medical gas piping systems - Part 1: Pipelines for medical gases, medical vacuum, medical support gases, and anaesthetic gas scavenging systems,” and
(b)the provisions of the Fire Code made under the Fire Protection and Prevention Act, 1997 or, in the absence of such provisions, Part 3 of Division B of the CCBFC NRCC-CONST-56437E, “National Fire Code of Canada.”
3.7.5.3. Shielding of X-Ray EquipmentCopy link
(1)Every installation of an x-ray machine or of x-ray equipment in a building shall be shielded to protect any person who could be exposed to radiation inside and outside the building. (See Note A-3.7.5.3.(1))
3.7.6. Food PremisesCopy link
3.7.6.1. ApplicationCopy link
(1)The requirements of this Subsection apply to all food premises.
3.7.6.2. Room FinishesCopy link
(1)Except as provided in Sentence (2), floors and floor coverings shall be tight, smooth and non-absorbent in rooms where
(a)food or drink for human consumption, or an ingredient of food or drink for human consumption, is manufactured, processed, prepared, stored, displayed, handled, served, distributed, sold or offered for sale,
(b)utensils are washed, or
(c)washing fixtures or toilet fixtures are located.
(2)Carpeting may be used in areas where food is served.
(3)Wall and ceiling finishes of rooms and passageways shall be easy to clean.
3.7.6.3. Location of Plumbing FixturesCopy link
(1)A room containing a water closet shall be located where
(a)it does not open directly into any room or area where food or drink for human consumption, or an ingredient of food or drink for human consumption, is intended to be stored, prepared, processed, distributed, served, sold or offered for sale, and
(b)it is not necessary for the public to go through the food preparation areas to gain access to the plumbing fixtures.
(2)Except as permitted in Sentence (3), a room containing plumbing fixtures for the public and employees in a restaurant shall be located in the restaurant.
(3)A room containing plumbing fixtures for the public in Sentence (2) need not be located in the restaurant if
(a)the room is located in the building containing the restaurant, and
(b)the distance of travel between the restaurant and the room is not more than 45 m.
3.7.6.4. Lavatories, Appliances and SinksCopy link
(1)A separate lavatory for the handwashing of employees shall be constructed in a location convenient for employees in each manufacturing, processing and preparation area.
(2)If equipment and facilities for the cleaning and sanitizing of utensils are provided, they shall consist of
(a)mechanical equipment, or
(b)drainage racks of corrosion-resistant materials and
(i)a three-compartment sink or three sinks, or
(ii)a two-compartment sink or two sinks, where the first compartment or sink can be used effectively for washing and rinsing and the second compartment or sink can be used effectively for sanitizing.
(3)A retail food premises is exempt from compliance with this Article if its eating and drinking area does not exceed 56 m² and any one or more of the following applies:
(a)it is designed to sell only cold drinks in or from the original container,
(b)it is designed to sell only frozen confections in the original package or wrapper,
(c)it is designed to prepare and sell only hot beverages,
(d)it is designed to prepare and sell only popped corn, roasted nuts or french-fried potatoes,
(e)it is designed to sell only food or drink for human consumption that
(i)is pre-packaged at a premises other than the food premises at which it is being offered for sale, and
(ii)is not capable of supporting the growth of pathogenic organisms or the production of the toxins of such organisms.
3.7.6.5. Hot and Cold Water SupplyCopy link
(1)A hot and cold water supply shall be provided to
(a)every plumbing appliance and fixture required by Article 3.7.6.4.,
(b)every area where food or drink for human consumption, or an ingredient of food or drink for human consumption, is manufactured, processed or prepared, and
(c)every area where utensils are washed.
(2)This Article does not apply to a retail food premises described in Sentence 3.7.6.4.(3).
3.7.6.6. Employee FacilitiesCopy link
(1)In a food premises, where dressing rooms are provided for employees, there shall be separate dressing rooms for males and females that
(a)are large enough for the employees to change and store their clothing, and
(b)are equipped with lockers or other facilities suitable for storing the clothing of the employees.
(2)Every room containing sanitary units for employees shall have a floor area not less than 2.3 m².
3.7.6.7. Sleeping QuartersCopy link
(1)A room or space intended to be used as sleeping quarters shall not open directly into any room where food or drink for human consumption, or an ingredient of food or drink for human consumption, is manufactured, processed, prepared, stored, displayed, handled, served, distributed, sold or offered for sale.
Section 3.8 Barrier-Free Design (See Note 3.8.)Copy link
3.8.1. GeneralCopy link
3.8.1.1. Application (See Note A-3.8.)Copy link
(1)The requirements of this Section apply to all buildings except
(a)detached houses, semi-detached houses, houses with a secondary suite, duplexes, triplexes, townhouses, row houses and boarding or rooming houses with fewer than 8 boarders or roomers, (See Note A-1.4.1.2.(1) of Division A, Secondary Suite)
(b)buildings of Group F, Division 1 major occupancy, (See Note A-3.8.1.1.(1)(b))
(c)buildings that are not intended to be occupied on a daily or full time basis, including automatic telephone exchanges, pumphouses and substations, and
(d)camps for housing of workers. (See Note A-3.8.1.1.(1)(d))
3.8.1.2. Entrances (See Note A-3.8.1.2.)Copy link
(1)Except as provided in Sentence 3.13.8.1.(2) and except for service entrances, all pedestrian entrances to a barrier- free storey of a building referred to in Sentence 3.8.1.1.(1) shall be barrier-free and shall connect to a barrier-free exterior path of travel complying with Sentence 3.8.2.2.(1).
(2)In addition to the barrier-free entrances required by Sentence (1), a suite of assembly occupancy, business and personal services occupancy or mercantile occupancy that is located in the first storey of a building or in a storey to which a barrier-free path of travel is provided, and that is separated from the remainder of the building so that there is no access to the remainder of the building, shall have at least one barrier-free entrance.
(3)A barrier-free entrance shall
(a)be designed in accordance with Article 3.8.3.3., and
(b)lead from
(i)the outdoors at sidewalk level, or
(ii)a ramp that conforms to Article 3.8.3.4. and leads from a sidewalk.
(4)At a barrier-free entrance that includes more than one doorway, only one of the doorways is required to be designed in accordance with Article 3.8.3.3.
(5)If a walkway or pedestrian bridge connects two barrier-free storeys in different buildings, the path of travel from one storey to the other storey by means of the walkway or bridge shall be barrier-free.
3.8.1.3. Barrier-Free Path of TravelCopy link
(1)Except as required in Sentence (4) and except as permitted in Subsection 3.8.3., every barrier-free path of travel shall provide an unobstructed width of at least 1 100 mm for the passage of wheelchairs.
(2)Interior and exterior walking surfaces that are within a barrier-free path of travel shall
(a)have no opening that will permit the passage of a sphere more than 13 mm in diam,
(b)have any elongated openings oriented approximately perpendicular to the direction of travel,
(c)be stable, firm and slip-resistant,
(d)be bevelled at a maximum slope of 1 in 2 at changes in level not more than 13 mm, and
(e)be provided with sloped floors or ramps at changes in level more than 13 mm. (See Note A-3.8.1.3.(2))
(3)A barrier-free path of travel is permitted to include ramps, passenger elevators or other platform equipped passenger elevating devices to overcome a difference in level.
(4)Every barrier-free path of travel less than 1 600 mm in width shall be provided with an unobstructed space not less than 1 800 mm in width and 1 800 mm in length located not more than 30 m apart. (See Note A-3.8.1.3.(4))
(5)Where the headroom of an area in a barrier-free path of travel is reduced to less than 1 980 mm, a guardrail or other barrier with its leading edge at or below 680 mm from the finished floor shall be provided. (See Note A-3.8.1.3.(5) and (6)(b))
(6)A normally occupied floor area that is not required by Article 3.8.2.1. to have a barrier-free path of travel shall meet the following requirements:
(a)interior walking surfaces throughout the normally occupied floor area shall comply with Clauses (2)(a) to (e), and
(b)where the headroom of an area in a corridor or aisle in the normally occupied floor area is reduced to less than 1 980 mm, a guardrail or other barrier with its leading edge at or below 680 mm from the finished floor shall be provided. (See Note A-3.8.1.3.(5) and (6)(b))
3.8.1.4. Escalators and Moving WalksCopy link
(1)In a building in which an escalator or inclined moving walk provides access to any floor level above or below the entrance floor level, an interior barrier-free path of travel shall be provided to that floor level. (See Note A-3.8.1.4.(1))
(2)The route from the escalator or inclined moving walk to the barrier-free path of travel required by Sentence (1) shall be clearly indicated by appropriate signs.
(3)In a building in which a moving walk provides access between areas on the same floor level, a barrier-free path of travel shall be provided between the areas served by the moving walk.
3.8.1.5. ControlsCopy link
(1)Except as required by Sentences 3.5.2.2.(1) and 3.8.3.5.(1) for elevators and Sentence 3.8.3.3.(17) for power door operator controls, controls for the operation of building services or safety devices, including electrical switches, thermostats and intercom switches, intended to be operated by the occupant and located in a barrier-free path of travel shall
(a)be mounted
(i)1 200 mm above the finished floor, in the case of a thermostat or a manual station, and
(ii)not less than 900 mm and not more than 1 100 mm above the finished floor, in the case of all other controls, and
(b)be located so as to be adjacent to and centred on either the length or the width of a clear floor space of 810 mm by 1 370 mm, and
(c)be operable
(i)using one hand, without requiring tight grasping, pinching with fingers or twisting of the wrist, and with a force of not more than 22.2 N, in the case of a manual station, and
(ii)using a closed fist and with a force of not more than 22.2 N, in the case of all other controls. (See Note A-3.8.1.5.(1))
(2)A signal intended for the public to indicate the operation of a building security system that controls access to a building shall consist of an audible and visual signal.
3.8.1.6. IlluminationCopy link
(1)All portions of a barrier-free path of travel shall be equipped to provide a level of illumination in accordance with Sentence 3.2.7.1.(1).
3.8.2. Occupancy RequirementsCopy link
3.8.2.1. Areas Requiring Barrier-Free Path of TravelCopy link
(1)Except as permitted by Sentence (3), a barrier-free path of travel from the entrances required by Sentences 3.8.1.2.(1) and (2) to be barrier-free shall be provided
(a)throughout the entrance storey,
(b)within all normally occupied floor areas and rooftop amenity spaces, unless as permitted by Sentence (2). (See Note A-3.8.2.1.(b)) (See Article 3.3.1.7. for additional requirements regarding floor areas above or below the first sto rey to which a barrier-free path of travel is required). (See Note A.3.8.2.1.(1))
(2)A barrier-free path of travel described in Clause (1)(b) is not required to extend
(a)to floor areas or portions of floor areas containing a Group B, Division 2 or 3 occupancy that are not required by Article 3.5.2.1. to be connected by a ramp or served by an elevator,
(b)to floor areas containing Group C or Group D occupancies that are located in a building that
(i)is three or fewer storeys in building height, and
(ii)has a building area not exceeding 600 m², (See Note A.3.8.2.1.(2)(b))
(c)to portions of restaurants and licensed beverage establishments where the same amenities and uses are provided on other floor areas that have a barrier-free path of travel, or
(d)to portions of child care facilities that have all entrance doors at floor levels that do not have a barrier-free path of travel. (See Note A-3.8.2.1.(2))
(3)A barrier-free path of travel described in Sentence (1) is not required
(a)into service rooms,
(b)into elevator machine rooms,
(c)into janitors’ rooms,
(d)into service spaces,
(e)into crawl spaces,
(f)into attic or roof spaces,
(g)into high-hazard industrial occupancies,
(h)within portions of a floor area with fixed seats in an assembly occupancy where these portions are not part of the barrier-free path of travel to
(i)to suites of residential occupancy that are in storeys other than the entrance storey and that have all entrance doors at floor levels that are not required to have a barrier-free path of travel,
(ii)seats designated for adaptable seating, or
(iii)spaces for the storage of wheelchairs and mobility assistive devices,
(j)except as required by Sentence (5), on the inside of a suite of residential occupancy,
(k)to portions of a floor area that are not at the same level as the entry level, provided amenities and uses provided on any raised or sunken level are accessible on the entry level by means of a barrier-free path of travel,
(l)within a parking level with no barrier-free parking spaces, or
(m)to the floor level above or below the entrance level in buildings no more than 2 storeys in building height or in 2- storey suites, unless the floor level above or below
(i)is served by a passenger elevator, a platform-equipped passenger-elevating device, an escalator or an inclined moving walk,
(ii)is 600 m² or more in floor area,
(iii)contains facilities that are not contained on the entrance level, but that are integral to the principal function of the entrance level, or
(iv)contains an assembly occupancy more than 100 m² in floor area. (See Note A-3.8.2.1.(3)(m)) (See Note A-3.8.2.1.(3))
(4)In an assembly occupancy with fixed seats, the minimum number of spaces designated for wheelchair use and the minimum number of fixed seats designated for adaptable seating shall conform to Table 3.8.2.1. (See Note A- 3.8.2.1.(4)) Table 3.8.2.1. Designated Wheelchair Spaces and Adaptable Seating Forming Part of Sentence 3.8.2.1.(4)
(5)In a Group C major occupancy apartment building, not less than 15% of all suites of residential occupancy shall be provided with a barrier-free path of travel from the suite entrance door into the following rooms and spaces that shall be located at the same level as the barrier-free path of travel:
(a)at least one bedroom, (See Note A-3.8.2.1.(5)(a) and (b))
(b)at least one bathroom conforming to Sentence (6), (See Note A-3.8.2.1.(5)(a) and (b))
(c)a kitchen or kitchen space, and
(d)a living room or space. (See Note A-3.8.2.1.(5))
(6)Bathrooms required by Clause (5)(b) shall
(a)contain a lavatory,
(b)contain a water closet,
(c)contain a bathtub or a shower,
(d)have wall reinforcement installed in conformance with Sentence 3.3.4.9.(1), and
(e)be designed to permit a wheelchair to turn in an open space not less than 1 500 mm in diameter. (See Note A-3.8.2.1.(6))
(7)The number of suites described in Sentence (5) having 1, 2 or 3 or more bedrooms shall be in proportion to the number of suites of residential occupancy having 1, 2 or 3 or more bedrooms in the remainder of the building. (See Note A-3.8.2.1.(7))
(8)The suites described in Sentence (5) shall be distributed among storeys that are required by Article 3.8.2.1. to have a barrier-free path of travel, having regard to the height of the suite above grade.
3.8.2.2. Barrier-Free Paths of Travel to Building Entrances, Exterior Passenger Loading Zones, and Access to Parking Areas (See Note A-3.8.2.2.)Copy link
(1)A direct barrier-free path of travel shall be provided between a barrier-free entrance referred to in Article 3.8.1.2. to
(a)a designated barrier-free parking area, where provided,
(b)an exterior passenger-loading zone, where provided, and
(c)a public thoroughfare. (See Note A-3.8.2.2.(1) and (4))
(2)The vehicular entrance to and egress from any parking level described in Sentence (1) and all areas intended to be used by wheelchair accessible vehicles to gain access to a parking space on that level shall have a vertical clearance of not less than 2 100 mm.
(3)If an exterior passenger loading zone is provided, it shall have
(a)an access aisle not less than 2 440 mm wide and 7 400 mm long adjacent and parallel to the vehicle pull-up space,
(b)a curb ramp, where there are curbs between the access aisle and the vehicle pull-up space, and
(c)a clearance height of not less than 3 600 mm at the vehicle pull-up space and along the vehicle access and egress routes.
(4)In storage garages, a barrier-free path of travel shall be provided between each parking level with barrier-free parking and all other parts of the building required to be provided with barrier-free access that are served by that storage garage. (See Note A-3.8.2.2.(1) and (4))
3.8.2.3. Washrooms Required to be Barrier-Free (See Note A-3.8.2.3.)Copy link
(1)A barrier-free path of travel shall be provided to barrier-free washrooms designed to accommodate persons with disabilities in conformance with the requirements in Articles 3.8.3.8. to 3.8.3.12.
(2)The number of universal washrooms conforming to Article 3.8.3.12. provided in a building in which a washroom is required by Subsection 3.7.4. shall conform to Table 3.8.2.3.-A. (See Note A-3.8.2.3.(2)) Table 3.8.2.3.-A Minimum Number of Universal Washrooms per Building Forming Part of Sentence 3.8.2.3.(2)
(3)Where a washroom required by Subsection 3.7.4. is provided in a storey that is required by Article 3.8.2.1. to have a barrier-free path of travel,
(a)the washroom shall conform to Articles 3.8.3.8. to 3.8.3.11., and
(b)the number of barrier-free water closet stalls or enclosures provided in the washroom shall conform to Table 3.8.2.3.-B. (See Note A-3.8.2.3.(3))
(4)Except as permitted in Sentence (5), where washrooms in excess of those required by Subsection 3.7.4. are provided in a storey that is required by Article 3.8.2.1. to have a barrier-free path of travel, the additional washrooms shall be designed to accommodate persons with disabilities in conformance with the requirements of
(a)Articles 3.8.3.8. to 3.8.3.11., or
(5)Washrooms need not conform to Sentence (4) provided
(a)they are located within suites of residential occupancy,
(b)other barrier-free washrooms are provided on the same floor level within 45 m, or (See Note A-3.8.2.3.(5)(b))
(c)they are located in an individual suite that is
(i)used for a business and personal services occupancy, a mercantile occupancy or an industrial occupancy,
(ii)less than 300 m² in area, and
(iii)completely separated from, and without access to, the remainder of the building.
(6)Where a washroom required by Subsection 3.7.4. is provided in a storey that is not required by Article 3.8.2.1. to have a barrier-free path of travel, the washroom shall
(a)conform to Article 3.8.3.9. and Sentences 3.8.3.10.(4) and 3.8.3.11.(5), and
(b)be provided with at least one ambulatory water closet stall or enclosure conforming to Sentence 3.8.3.8.(10). (See Note A-3.8.2.3.(6))
3.8.2.4. HotelsCopy link
(1)Except as permitted in Sentence (2), at least 10% of the suites of a hotel shall
(a)have a barrier-free path of travel extending to
(i)the inside of each room, and
(ii)a balcony where required by Sentence 3.3.1.7.(2), and
(b)be distributed among storeys that are required by Article 3.8.2.1. to have a barrier-free path of travel, having regard to the height of the suite above grade. (See Note A-3.8.2.4.(1))
(2)Not more than 20 suites need comply with Sentence (1).
(3)A suite having a barrier-free path of travel required by Sentence (1) shall have a bathroom that
(a)conforms to Clauses 3.8.3.12.(1)(a) to
(h)and (j),
(b)has an unobstructed area at least 1 200 mm in diameter extending the full height of the room, except that a door is permitted to open on the inside if it does not reduce the unobstructed area, and
(c)has a bathtub or shower that conforms to Article 3.8.3.13.
(4)Except as required by Sentence 3.8.3.3.(17) for power door operator controls, controls for the operation of building services or safety devices, including electrical switches, thermostats and intercom switches, intended to be operated by the occupant and located within a suite having a barrier-free path of travel required by Sentence (1) shall conform to Sentence 3.8.1.5.(1).
(5)An entrance door to a suite having a barrier-free path of travel required by Sentence (1) shall have
(a)a power door operator conforming to Article 3.8.3.3., and
(b)a door viewer located at a height no higher than 1 100 mm above the finished floor.
(6)Where a door is provided between a suite having a barrier-free path of travel required by Sentence (1) and an adjoining suite, the door shall conform to Sentences 3.8.3.3.(1) and (3).
(7)Where an emergency power supply is supplied by a generator, it shall supply at least one emergency power receptacle in at least one of the suites having a barrier-free path of travel required by Sentence (1). (See Note A- 3.8.2.4.(7))
(8)The emergency power receptacle described in Sentence (7) shall be identified with a legible sign having the words EMERGENCY POWER OUTLET permanently mounted on the wall beside the receptacle.
3.8.3. Design StandardsCopy link
3.8.3.1. Accessibility Signs (See Note A-3.8.3.1.)Copy link
(1)Signs providing visual information shall be installed to indicate the location of
(a)barrier-free entrances,
(b)ramps located in a required barrier-free path of travel serving that entrance,
(c)an exterior passenger loading zone conforming to Sentence 3.8.2.2.(3), if one is provided,
(d)barrier-free washrooms,
(e)barrier-free showers,
(f)barrier-free elevators ,
(g)barrier-free parking spaces, and
(h)assistive listening systems or adaptive technologies.
(2)Where a washroom, elevator, telephone or parking area is required to accommodate persons with disabilities, it shall be identified by a sign consisting of the International Symbol of Access or the International Symbol of Access for Hearing Loss and appropriate graphical or textural information that clearly indicates the type of facilities available.
(3)Where a washroom is not designed to accommodate persons with physical disabilities in a storey to which a barrier- free path of travel is required by Article 3.8.2.1., signs providing visual and tactile information shall be installed to indicate the location of barrier-free facilities.
(4)Signs incorporating the International Symbol of Access shall be installed where necessary to indicate the location of a barrier-free means of egress.
(5)Directional signs shall be provided with visual information.
(6)Except for doors that serve service spaces or are located within a suite, signs installed at or near doors shall provide the same information in both visual and tactile forms.
(7)Tactile information sign required by Subsections 3.4.5. and 3.4.6. and this Article shall
(a)have Braille and tactile characters in accordance with Clauses 4.5.6.2. and 4.5.6.3. of CSA B651, “Accessible design for the built environment,”
(b)be installed on the wall closest to the latch side of the door or on the nearest wall in the right side of the door, where there is no wall at the latch side, and
(c)be centred 1500 mm above the finished floor with the edge of the sign located not more than 300 mm from the door. (See Note A-3.8.3.1.(7) and (8))
(8)Visual information signs required by Subsections 3.4.5. and 3.4.6. and this Article shall comply with Clauses 4.5.2., 4.5.3. and 4.5.4. of CSA B651, “Accessible design for the built environment.” (See Note A-3.8.3.1.(7) and (8))
3.8.3.2. Exterior WalksCopy link
(1)Except as provided in Sentence (2), exterior walks that form part of a barrier-free path of travel shall
(a)be provided by means of a continuous plane not interrupted by steps or abrupt changes in level,
(b)have a permanent, firm and slip-resistant surface,
(c)except as required in Sentence 3.8.1.3.(4), have an uninterrupted width of not less than 1 100 mm and a gradient not exceeding 1 in 20,
(d)be designed as a ramp where the gradient is greater than 1 in 20,
(e)have not less than 1 600 mm wide surface of a different texture to that surrounding it, where the line of travel is level and even with adjacent walking surfaces,
(f)be free from obstructions for the full width of the walk to a minimum height of 1 980 mm, except that handrails are permitted to project not more than 100 mm from either side into the clear area,
(g)have a level area adjacent to the entrance doorway conforming to Clause 3.8.3.4.(1)(c), and
(h)have a tactile attention indicator conforming to Article 3.8.3.18. that is located to identify an entry into a vehicular route or area where no curbs or any other element separate the vehicular route or area from a pedestrian route. (See Note A-3.8.3.2.(1)(h))
(2)Where a difference in elevation between levels in a walkway is not more than 200 mm, a curb ramp conforming to Sentences (3) and (4) may be provided.
(3)The curb ramp permitted by Sentence (2) shall
(a)have a running slope conforming to Table 3.8.3.2.,
(b)have a width of not less than 1 500 mm exclusive of flared sides,
(c)have a surface including flared sides that shall,
(i)be slip-resistant,
(ii)have a detectable warning surface that is colour- and texture-contrasted with the adjacent surfaces, and
(iii)have a smooth transition from the ramp and adjacent surfaces, and
(d)have flared sides with a slope of not more than 1:10 where pedestrians are likely to walk across them.
(4)Curb ramps described in Sentence (3) do not require handrails or guards. Table 3.8.3.2. Ramp Rise and Slope Forming Part of Sentence 3.8.3.2.(3)
3.8.3.3. Doorways and DoorsCopy link
(1)Every doorway that is located in a barrier-free path of travel shall have a clear width of not less than 850 mm when the door is in the open position. (See Note A-3.8.3.3.(1))
(2)Except as provided in Sentence 3.3.4.11.(11) and except where no bathroom within the suite is at the level of the suite entrance door to which a barrier-free path of travel is provided in accordance with Sentence 3.8.2.1.(1), the doorway to at least one bathroom and to each bedroom at the same level as such bathroom within a suite of residential occupancy shall have, when the door is in the open position, a clear width of not less than
(a)760 mm where the door is served by a corridor or space not less than 1 060 mm wide, and
(b)810 mm where the door is served by a corridor or space less than 1 060 mm wide. (See Note A-3.8.3.3.(2))
(3)Door opening devices that are the only means of operation shall
(a)be designed to be operable using a closed fist, and
(b)be mounted not less than 900 mm and not more than 1 100 mm above the finished floor. (See Note A-3.8.3.3.(3))
(4)Except as permitted by Sentence (12), every door that provides a barrier-free path of travel through a barrier-free entrance referred to in Article 3.8.1.2. shall be equipped with a power door operator. (See Note A-3.8.3.3.(4)) (4.1) Except as permitted by Sentence (12), doors equipped with a self-closing device shall be equipped with power door operators where doors are located in a barrier-free path of travel, between the entrance referred to Article 3.8.1.2., including the interior doors of a vestibule, and the entrance doors to suites or rooms served by a public corridor or a corridor used by the public. (See Note A-3.8.3.3.(4.1))
(5)Except as permitted by Sentence (12), where a barrier-free entrance referred to in Article 3.8.1.2. incorporates a vestibule, a door leading from the vestibule into the floor area shall be equipped with a power door operator.
(6)A door shall be equipped with a power door operator where the door serves
(a)a washroom for public use required to be barrier-free, or
(b)a Group A occupancy within a Group C major occupancy apartment building.
(7)Except as permitted in Sentence (8), and except for doors with power operators, closers for doors in a barrier-free path of travel shall be designed to permit doors to open when a force of not more than 38 N is applied to the handles, push plates or latch-releasing devices in the case of exterior doors and 22 N in the case of interior doors.
(8)Sentence (7) does not apply to doors at the entrances to dwelling units, or where greater forces are required in order to close and latch the doors against prevailing differences in air pressures on opposite sides of the doors. (See Note A- 3.8.3.3.(8))
(9)Except for doors at the entrances to dwelling units, closers for interior doors in a barrier-free path of travel shall have a closing period of not less than 3 seconds measured from when the door is in an open position of 70° to the doorway, to when the door reaches a point 75 mm from the closed position, measured from the leading edge of the latch side of the door. (See Note A-3.8.3.3.(9))
(10)Unless equipped with a power door operator, a door in a barrier-free path of travel shall have a clear space on the latch side extending the height of the doorway and not less than
(a)600 mm beyond the edge of the door opening if the door swings toward the approach side,
(b)300 mm beyond the edge of the door opening if the door swings away from the approach side, and
(c)300 mm beyond both sides of a sliding door. (See Note A-3.8.3.3.(10))
(11)Vestibules located in a barrier-free path of travel
(a)shall be arranged to allow the movement of wheelchairs between doors, and
(b)shall provide
(i)where the doors into the vestibule are in series, a distance between the doors of at least 1 500 mm plus the width of any door that swings into the space in the path of travel from one door to another, and
(ii)where the doors into the vestibule are not aligned, a turning diameter of 1 500 mm within the vestibule clear of any door swing. (See Note A-3.8.3.3.(11)(b))
(12)Only the active leaf in a multiple leaf door in a barrier-free path of travel need conform to the requirements of this Article.
(13)Except as provided in Clause 3.8.3.4.(1)(c), the floor surface on each side of a door in a barrier-free path of travel shall be level within a rectangular area
(a)as wide as the door plus the clearance required on the latch side by Sentence (10), and
(b)whose dimension perpendicular to the closed door is not less than the width of the barrier-free path of travel but need not exceed 1 500 mm.
(14)Where a vision panel is provided in a door in a barrier-free path of travel, such panel shall be at least 75 mm in width and be located so that
(a)the bottom of the panel is not more than 900 mm above the finished floor, and
(b)the edge of the panel closest to the latch is not more than 250 mm from the latch side of the door.
(15)A door in a barrier-free path of travel consisting of a sheet of glass shall be marked with a continuous opaque strip that
(a)shall be colour and brightness contrasted to the background of the door,
(b)shall be at least 50 mm wide,
(c)shall be located across the width of the door at a height of 1 350 mm to 1 500 mm above the finished floor, and
(d)may incorporate a logo or symbol provided such logo or symbol does not diminish
(i)the opacity of the strip,
(ii)the width of the strip,
(iii)the colour and brightness contrast of the strip to the background of the door, and
(iv)the continuity of the strip across the width of the door.
(16)Reserved.
(17)Except where a proximity scanning device is installed in conformance with Sentence (18), the control for a power door operator required by Sentence (4), (5) or (6) shall
(a)have a face dimension of not less than
(i)150 mm in diameter where the control is circular, or
(ii)50 mm by 100 mm where the control is rectangular,
(b)be operable using a closed fist,
(c)be located so that
(i)its centre is located not less than 900 mm and not more than 1 100 mm from the finished floor or ground, or
(ii)it extends from not more than 200 mm to not less than 900 mm above the finished floor or ground, (See Note A-3.8.3.3.(17)(c))
(d)be located not less than 600 mm and not more than 1 500 mm beyond the door swing where the door opens towards the control,
(e)be located to allow persons to activate the opening of the door from either direction of travel,
(f)be located so that the path of travel is not obstructed,
(g)be located in a clearly visible position, and
(h)contain a sign incorporating the International Symbol of Access.
(18)A proximity scanning device that activates a power door shall be capable of detecting a person in a wheelchair. (See Note A-3.8.3.3.(18))
(19)A normally occupied floor area that is not required by Article 3.8.2.1. to have a barrier-free path of travel shall comply with the following requirements:
(a)all doorways in public corridors in the normally occupied floor area shall comply with Sentence (1),
(b)door opening devices that are the only means of operation on doors in the normally occupied floor area shall comply with Sentence (3), (See Note A-3.8.3.3.(19)(b))
(c)where a vision panel is provided in a door in the normally occupied floor area, the panel shall comply with Sentence (14),
(d)doors consisting of a sheet of glass in the normally occupied floor area shall comply with Sentence (15), and
(e)where a power door operator is installed for doors in the normally occupied floor area, the control for the power door operator shall comply with Sentence (17).
3.8.3.4. RampsCopy link
(1)A ramp located in a barrier-free path of travel shall
(a)have a minimum width not less than 1 000 mm between handrails, (See Note A-3.4.3.4.)
(b)have a maximum gradient of 1 in 12, (See Note A-3.8.3.3.(1)(b))
(c)have a level area of at least 1 700 mm by 1 700 mm at the top and bottom of a ramp and where a door is located in a ramp, so that the level area extends at least 600 mm beyond the latch side of the door opening, except that where the door opens away from the ramp, the area extending beyond the latch side of the door opening may be reduced to 300 mm, (See Note A-3.8.3.4.(1)(c))
(d)have a level area at least 1 700 mm long and at least the same width as the ramp
(i)at intervals of not more than 9 m along its length, and
(ii)where there is a change of 90° or more in the direction of the ramp,
(e)except as provided in Sentence (2), be equipped with handrails on both sides that shall
(i)be continuously graspable along their entire length and have circular cross-section with an outside diameter not less than 30 mm and not more than 40 mm, or any non-circular shape with a graspable portion that has a perimeter not less than 100 mm and not more than 155 mm and whose largest cross-sectional dimension is not more than 57 mm,
(ii)be not less than 865 mm and not more than 965 mm high, measured vertically from the surface of the ramp, except that handrails not meeting these requirements are permitted provided they are installed in addition to the required handrail,
(iii)be terminated in a manner that will not obstruct pedestrian travel or create a hazard,
(iv)extend horizontally not less than 300 mm beyond the top and bottom of the ramp,
(v)be provided with a clearance that conforms to Sentence 3.4.6.5.(13), and
(vi)be designed and constructed such that handrails and their supports will withstand the loading values obtained from the nonconcurrent application of a concentrated load not less than 0.9 kN applied at any point and in any direction for all handrails and a uniform load not less than 0.7 kN/m applied in any direction to the handrail,
(f)except as provided in Sentence (2), have a wall or a guard on both sides and where a guard is provided the guard shall
(i)be not less than 1 070 mm measured vertically to the top of the guard from the ramp surface, and
(ii)be designed so that no member, attachment or opening located between 140 mm and 900 mm above the ramp surface being protected by the guard will facilitate climbing,
(g)be provided
(i)with a curb at least 50 mm high on any side of the ramp where no solid enclosure or solid guard is provided, or
(ii)with horizontal railings which are located or other barriers that extend to within 50 mm of the finished ramp, and
(h)except as provided in Sentence (2), where the ramp is wider than 2 200 mm, have an intermediate handrail with a clear width of 900 mm between the intermediate handrail and one of the handrails described in Clause (e).
(2)Where a ramp serves as an aisleway for fixed seating, the requirements for handrails in Clauses (1)(e) and
(h)and for walls or guards in Clause (1)(f) need not apply. (See Note A-3.8.3.4.(2))
(3)Floors or walks in a barrier-free path of travel having a slope steeper than 1 in 20 shall be designed as ramps. (See Note A-3.8.3.4.(3))
3.8.3.5. Passenger Elevating DevicesCopy link
(1)A passenger elevating device referred to in Article 3.8.2.1. located in a barrier-free path of travel shall
(a)conform to CSA B355, “Platform lifts and stair lifts for barrier-free access,”
(b)have a clear floor space not less than 1 500 mm long by 1 000 mm wide, and
(c)have entry doors or gates
(i)providing a clear width not less than 850 mm in the open position if located on the short side of the passenger elevating device, or
(ii)providing a clear width not less than 1 000 mm in the open position if located at either end of the long side of the passenger-elevating device.
3.8.3.6. Wheelchair Spaces and Adaptable SeatingCopy link
(1)Spaces designated for wheelchair use required by Sentence 3.8.2.1.(4) shall be
(a)clear and level or level with removable seats,
(b)not less than 900 mm wide and not less than
(i)1 525 mm long where designed to permit a wheelchair to enter from a side approach, and
(ii)1 220 mm long where designed to permit a wheelchair to enter from the front or rear of the space,
(c)arranged so that
(i)at least two of the designated spaces are side by side, and
(ii)at least one fixed seat for a companion is located beside
(A)each group of designated spaces, if two or more designated spaces are arranged side by side in a group, and
(B)each designated space that is not part of a group described in Sub-subclause (A), (See Note A-3.8.3.6.(1)(c))
(d)located adjoining a barrier-free path of travel without infringing on egress from any row of seating or any aisle requirements, and
(e)situated, as part of the designated seating plan, to provide a choice of viewing location and a clear view of the event taking place.
(2)Fixed seats designated for adaptable seating required by Sentence 3.8.2.1.(4) shall be
(a)located adjoining a barrier-free path of travel without infringing on egress from any row of seating or any aisle requirements,
(b)equipped with a movable or removable armrest on the side of the seat adjoining the barrier-free path of travel, and
(c)situated, as part of the designated seating plan, to provide a choice of viewing location and a clear view of the event taking place.
(3)In an assembly occupancy with fixed seats, space shall be provided for the storage of wheelchairs and mobility assistive devices in accordance with the following requirements:
(a)at least one storage space not less than 810 mm by 1 370 mm shall be provided where the assembly occupancy has not more than 200 fixed seats and at least two such storage spaces shall be provided where the assembly occupancy has more than 200 fixed seats, and
(b)the storage space or spaces shall be located on the same level and in proximity to the spaces designated for wheelchair use and seats designated for adaptable seating.
3.8.3.7. Assistive Listening SystemsCopy link
(1)In buildings of assembly occupancy, all classrooms, auditoria, meeting rooms and theatres with an area of more than 100 m² shall be equipped with an assistive listening system encompassing the entire seating area. (See Note A- 3.8.3.7.(1))
(2)In each location where information, goods or services are provided to the public at service counters in buildings of assembly occupancy, at least one of the service counters shall be equipped with:
(a)an assistive listening system or adaptive technology, and
(b)an amplification system, where there is a barrier to communication, such as a glass screen. (See Note A-3.8.3.7.(2))
(3)Assistive listening systems or adaptive technologies required by Sentence (2) shall provide for the clear communication required for the exchange of information, goods, and services.
3.8.3.8. Water Closet Stalls and EnclosuresCopy link
(1)Every barrier-free water closet stall or enclosure in a washroom described in Sentence 3.8.2.3.(3) or (4) shall
(a)have a clear turning space within the stall or enclosure of at least 1 500 mm in diameter, (See Note A-3.8.3.8.(1)(a))
(i)the centre line of the water closet is not less than 460 mm and not more than 480 mm from one side wall, and
(ii)a clear transfer space at least 900 mm wide and 1 500 mm deep is provided on the other side of the water closet, or
(b)be wall mounted with the horizontal component 750 mm above the finished floor and the vertical component 150 mm in front of the water closet. (See Note A-3.8.3.8.(3) and Note A-3.8.3.8.(5)) (6) A grab bar described in Clause (3)(c) or (4)(b) shall
(c)a grab bar conforming to Sentences (6) and (7) shall be provided on the wall behind the water closet. (See Note A-3.8.3.8.(3)) (4) Where a water closet is located in accordance with Clause (2)(b),
(i)is capable of being latched from the inside with a mechanism conforming to Subclause 3.8.1.5.(1)(c)(ii),
(ii)in an open position, has a clear opening of at least 850 mm wide,
(iii)swings outward, unless 820 mm by 1 440 mm clear floor area is provided within the stall to permit the door to be closed without interfering with the wheelchair, (See Note A-3.8.3.8.(1)(c)(iii))
(iv)is self-closing so that, when at rest, the door remains open not more than 50 mm beyond the jamb,
(v)is provided with a horizontal, D-shaped, visually contrasting door pull on both sides of the door, mounted on the vertical centre line of the door, located at a height not less than 800 mm and not more than 1 000 mm above the finished floor, (See Note A-3.8.3.8.(1)(c)(v))
(vi)is aligned with a clear transfer space required by Subclause (2)(a)(ii) or Clause (2)(b), and
(vii)is capable of having the latch required by Subclause
(d)be equipped with a water closet conforming to Article 3.8.3.9. that is located in accordance with Clause (2)(a) or (b),
(e)be equipped with a coat hook mounted not more than 1 200 mm above the finished floor on a side wall and projecting not more than 50 mm from the wall,
(f)have a clearance of at least 1 700 mm between the outside of the stall face and the face of an in-swinging washroom door and 1 400 mm between the outside of the stall face and any wall-mounted fixture or other obstruction, and (See Note A-3.8.3.8.(1)(f))
(g)be equipped with a toilet paper dispenser mounted on the side wall closest to the water closet so that
(i)the dispenser is located below the grab bar,
(ii)the closest edge of the dispenser is 300 mm from the front of the water closet seat, and
(iii)the bottom of the dispenser is 600 mm to 800 mm above the finished floor. (2) A water closet described in Clause (1)(d) shall be
(7)A grab bar described in Clause (3)(a) or
(c)have a clearance of not less than 38 mm and not more than 50 mm from the wall to the inside surface of the grab bar, and
(a)be installed to resist a load of at least 1.3 kN applied vertically or horizontally,
(b)be not less than 30 mm and not more than 40 mm in diameter,
(d)have a slip-resistant surface. (See Note A-3.8.3.8.(3))
(8)A fold-down grab bar described in Clause (3)(b) or (4)(a) shall
(a)be mounted on the wall behind the water closet
(i)with the horizontal component 750 mm above the finished floor, and
(ii)not less than 390 mm and not more than 410 mm from the centre line of the water closet,
(b)not require a force of more than 22.2 N to pull it down,
(c)be at least 750 mm in length,
(d)be installed to resist a load of at least 1.3 kN applied vertically or horizontally,
(e)be not less than 30 mm and not more than 40 mm in diameter, and
(f)have a slip-resistant surface. (See Note A-3.8.3.8.(3) and Note A-3.8.3.8.(8))
(9)A fold-down grab bar installed in accordance with Sentence (8) is permitted to encroach into
(a)the clear turning space described in Clause (1)(a), or
(b)a clear transfer space described in Subclause (2)(a)(ii) or Clause (2)(b). (See Note A-3.8.3.8.(3))
(10)Where an ambulatory water closet stall or enclosure is required by Sentence 3.8.2.3.(6), it shall
(a)be at least 1 500 mm in depth and be not less than 890 mm and not more than 940 mm in width,
(b)be equipped with a door that shall
(i)be capable of being latched from the inside with a mechanism that is operable using a closed fist,
(ii)when the door is in an open position, have a clear opening of at least 810 mm,
(iii)swing outward, unless the minimum dimensions in Clause (a) are not located within the door swing,
(iv)be provided with spring-type or gravity hinges so that the door closes automatically,
(v)be provided with a door pull on both sides of the door, near the latch side of the door, located at a height not less than 900 mm and not more than 1 100 mm above the finished floor, and
(vi)be capable of having the latch required by Subclause
(c)be equipped with a water closet conforming to Article 3.8.3.9. and located so that its centre line is centred between the partition walls,
(d)be equipped on each side of the water closet with grab bars conforming to Clause (3)(a), and
(e)be equipped with a coat hook conforming to Clause (1)(e). (See Note A-3.8.3.8.(10))
3.8.3.9. Water Closets (See Note A-3.8.3.9.)Copy link
(1)A water closet described in Clause 3.8.3.8.(1)(d) or (10)(c) or 3.8.3.12.(1)(d) shall
(a)be equipped with a seat located at not less than 430 mm and not more than 485 mm above the finished floor,
(b)flush automatically or be equipped with a flushing control that
(i)is located between 500 mm and 900 mm above the finished floor,
(ii)is operable from the transfer side, and
(iii)is operable using a closed fist and with a force of not more than 22.2 N, and
(c)be equipped with a back support where there is no seat lid or tank. (See Note A-3.8.3.9.(1)(c)) (See Note A-3.8.3.9.(1))
3.8.3.10. Urinals (See Note A-3.8.3.10.)Copy link
(1)Where more than one urinal is provided in a washroom described in Sentence 3.8.2.3.(3) or (4), at least one urinal shall
(a)be mounted with the rim located not more than 430 mm above the finished floor,
(b)have a clear floor space at least 800 mm wide that is perpendicular to, and centred on, the urinal and is unobstructed by privacy screens, and
(c)have no step in front of it.
(2)A urinal described in Sentence (1) shall
(a)flush automatically or be equipped with a flushing control that is
(i)located between 900 mm and 1 100 mm above the finished floor, and
(ii)operable using a closed fist and with a force of not more than 22.2 N, and
(b)have installed on each side, a vertically mounted grab bar that
(i)complies with Article 3.8.3.8.(7),
(ii)is not less than 600 mm long, with its centre line 1 000 mm above the finished floor, and
(iii)is located not more than 380 mm from the centre line of the urinal.
(3)Where privacy screens are installed for a urinal described in Sentence (1), they shall
(a)be mounted a minimum of 460 mm from the centre line of the urinal, and
(b)have a clearance of at least 50 mm from the grab bars required by Clause (2)(b).
(4)Where more than one urinal is provided in a washroom described in Sentence 3.8.2.3.(6), at least one urinal conforming to Sentences (1) to (3) shall be provided in the washroom.
3.8.3.11. Lavatories, Mirrors and Washroom Accessories (See Note A-3.8.3.11.)Copy link
(1)A washroom described in Sentence 3.8.2.3.(2), (3) or (4) shall be provided with a lavatory that shall
(a)be located so that the distance between the centre line of the lavatory and the side wall is not less than 460 mm,
(b)have a rim height not more than 865 mm above the finished floor,
(c)have a clearance beneath the lavatory not less than
(i)920 mm wide,
(ii)735 mm high at the front edge,
(iii)685 mm high at a point 200 mm back from the front edge, and
(iv)350 mm high over the distance from a point 280 mm to a point 430 mm back from the front edge, (See Note A-3.8.3.11.(1)(c))
(d)have insulated pipes where they would otherwise present a burn hazard or have water supply temperature limited to a maximum of 43°C, (See Note A-3.8.3.11.(1)(d))
(e)be equipped with faucets that
(i)operate automatically or comply with 3.7.4.2.(12)(b)(i) and (ii), and
(ii)are located so that the distance from the centre line of the faucet to the edge of the basin or, where the basin is mounted in a vanity, to the front edge of the vanity, is not more than 485 mm,
(f)have a minimum 1 370 mm deep floor space to allow for a forward approach, of which a maximum of 500 mm can be located under the lavatory, (See Note A-3.8.3.11.(1)(f))
(g)have a soap dispenser that
(i)operates automatically or is operable using a closed fist and with a force of not more than 22.2 N, and
(ii)is located not more than 1 100 mm above the finished floor, within 500 mm from the front of the lavatory, and
(h)have a towel dispenser or other hand drying equipment that is
(i)located to be accessible to persons in wheelchairs,
(ii)located so that the dispensing height is not more than 1 200 mm above the finished floor,
(iii)operable with one hand, and
(iv)located not more than 610 mm, measured horizontally, from the edge of the lavatory.
(2)If mirrors are installed in a washroom described in Sentence 3.8.2.3.(2), (3) or (4), at least one mirror shall be
(a)installed above a lavatory required by Sentence (1), and
(b)mounted with its bottom edge not more than 1 000 mm above the finished floor or inclined to the vertical to be usable by a person in a wheelchair.
(3)If dispensing or hand-operated washroom accessories, other than those located in water closet stalls or enclosures and those described in Clause (1)(g), are provided, they shall be mounted so that
(a)the dispensing height is not less than 900 mm and not more than 1 200 mm above the finished floor,
(b)the controls or operating mechanisms are mounted not less than 900 mm and not more than 1 200 mm above the finished floor, and
(c)a minimum 1 370 mm deep floor space is provided in front of the controls or operating mechanisms to allow for a front approach.
(4)Where a shelf is installed above a lavatory required by Sentence (1), it shall
(a)be located not more than 200 mm above the top of the lavatory and not more than 1 100 mm above the finished floor, and
(b)project not more than 100 mm from the wall.
(5)A washroom described in Sentence 3.8.2.3.(6) shall be provided with a lavatory conforming to Clauses (1)(e),
(g)and (h).
3.8.3.12. Universal WashroomsCopy link
(1)A universal washroom room shall
(a)be served by a barrier-free path of travel,
(b)have a door that
(i)complies with Article 3.8.3.3.,
(ii)has a graspable latch-operating mechanism that is
(A)operable using a closed fist and with a force of not more than 22.2 N, and
(B)located between 900 mm and 1 000 mm above the finished floor, and
(iii)is capable of being locked from the inside and released from the outside in case of emergency,
(c)have one lavatory conforming to Sentences 3.8.3.11.(1), (3) and (4),
(d)have one water closet conforming to Article 3.8.3.9. that is located in accordance with Clause 3.8.3.8.(2)(a) or (b), (See Note A-3.8.3.12.(1)(d))
(e)have grab bars conforming to
(i)Sentence 3.8.3.8.(3), if the water closet is located in accordance with Clause 3.8.3.8.(2)(a), or
(ii)Sentence 3.8.3.8.(4), if the water closet is located in accordance with Clause 3.8.3.8.(2)(b),
(f)have no internal dimension between walls that is less than 1 700 mm,
(g)have a coat hook that conforms to Clause 3.8.3.8.(1)(e) and a shelf that is located not more than 1 100 mm above the finished floor and projects not more than 100 mm from the wall,
(h)be designed to permit a wheelchair to turn in an open space not less than 1 700 mm in diameter,
(i)be provided with a door equipped with a power door operator,
(j)be provided with a mirror
(i)installed above a lavatory described in Clause (1)(c), and
(ii)mounted with its bottom edge not more than 1 000 mm above the finished floor or inclined to the vertical to be usable by a person in a wheelchair, and
(k)have lighting controlled by a motion sensor conforming to Sentence 12.2.4.1.(2). (See Note A-3.8.3.12.(1))
(2)A universal washroom shall have
(a)an emergency call system that consists of audible and visual signal devices inside and outside of the washroom that are activated by a control device inside the washroom, and
(b)an emergency sign that contains the words IN THE EVENT OF AN EMERGENCY PUSH EMERGENCY BUTTON AND AUDIBLE AND VISUAL SIGNAL WILL ACTIVATE in letters at least 25 mm high with a 5 mm stroke and that is posted above the emergency button. (See Note A-3.8.3.12.(2))
(3)A clear space not less than 810 mm wide and 1 830 mm long shall be provided in each universal washroom for an adult-size change table. (See Note A-3.8.3.12.(3))
(4)Where the clear space provided for an adult-size change table is adjacent to a wall, reinforcement shall be installed in the wall to permit the future installation of the change table.
(5)Where an adult-size change table is installed, it shall
(a)when fully loaded, have a surface height above the finished floor that can be adjusted from between 450 mm and 500 mm at the low range to between 850 mm and 900 mm at the high range,
(b)be designed to carry a minimum load of 1.33 kN,
(c)have a clear floor space parallel to the long side of the table not less than 760 mm wide and 1 500 mm long, and
(d)in the case of a fold-down table,
(i)be installed so that it does not encroach into a clear transfer space described in Clause 3.8.3.8.(2)(a) or (b), and
(ii)have no operating mechanisms higher than 1 200 mm.
(6)A universal washroom need not conform to Sentences (3) and (4) if
(a)it is located in an individual suite that
(i)is used for an assembly occupancy, a business and personal services occupancy, a mercantile occupancy or an industrial occupancy, and
(ii)meets one of the following requirements,
(A)it is located in a building that is less than 300 m² in building area, or
(B)it is less than 300 m² in area, if located in a building that is at least 300 m² in building area, or
(b)another universal washroom conforming to this Article is provided on the same floor level within 45 m. (See Note A-3.8.3.12.(6))
3.8.3.13. Showers and BathtubsCopy link
(1)Except within a suite of residential occupancy, if showers are provided in a building, the number of barrier-free showers shall conform to Table 3.8.3.13. (See Note A-3.8.3.13.(1)) Table 3.8.3.13. Minimum Number of Barrier-Free Showers Forming Part of Sentence 3.8.3.13.(1)
(2)A barrier-free shower required by Sentence (1) shall
(a)be located in a room with a clear floor space not less than 1 500 mm in diameter,
(b)have a clear floor space at the entrance to the shower not less than 900 mm deep and the same width as the shower, except that fixtures are permitted to project into that space provided they do not restrict access to the shower, (See Note A-3.8.3.13.(2)(b))
(c)be capable of being accessed along the full length of the bathtub with no tracks mounted on the bathtub rim,
(d)have a shower conforming to Sentence (2),
(i)are operable using a closed fist and with a force of not more than 22.2 N, and
(ii)are located on the centre line of the bathtub or between the centre line of the bathtub and the exterior edge of the bathtub rim, at a maximum height of 450 mm above the rim,
(e)have a threshold that is level with the adjacent finished floor or a bevelled threshold not more than 13 mm higher than the adjacent finished floor,
(i)conforming to Sentence 3.8.3.8.(7),
(ii)that are not less than 1 200 mm long,
(iii)two of which are located vertically at each end of the bathtub, mounted between 80 mm and 280 mm above the bathtub rim, and
(iv)one of which is located horizontally along the full length of the bathtub, mounted between 80 mm and 280 mm above the bathtub rim,
(f)have a clear transfer space adjacent to the long side of the bench that is 900 mm wide and as long as the bench, and (See Note A-3.8.3.13.(5)(f))
(i)be not less than 450 mm wide and 400 mm deep,
(ii)be mounted on the same side wall as the vertical grab bar between 460 mm and 480 mm above the finished floor,
(iii)be designed to carry a minimum load of 1.3 kN,
(iv)be located so that the edge of the seat is within 500 mm of the shower controls, and
(v)have a smooth and slip-resistant surface and no rough edges, (See Note A-3.8.3.13.(2)(f))
(g)have a coat hook mounted not more than 1 200 mm above the floor on a side wall and projecting not more than 50 mm from the wall. (6) Individual showers that are provided for use by patients or residents in buildings of Group B, Division 2 or 3 occupancy shall conform to Sentence (2). (7) Individual bathtubs that are provided for the use of patients or residents in buildings of Group B, Division 2 or 3 occupancy shall
(i)that conform to Sentence 3.8.3.8.(7) and do not obstruct the use of the shower controls,
(ii)one of which is 1 000 mm long vertically located on the side wall between 50 mm and 80 mm from the adjacent clear floor area, and with the lower end between 600 mm and 650 mm above the finished floor, and
(iii)one of which is L-shaped, located on the wall opposite the entrance to the shower, with a 1 000 mm long horizontal component mounted between 750 mm and 870 mm above the finished floor and a 750 mm long vertical component mounted between 400 mm and 500 mm from the side wall on which the vertical grab bar described in Subclause
(h)have a pressure-equalizing or thermostatic mixing valve that
(i)have a hand-held shower head with not less than 1 800 mm of flexible hose located so that it
(ii)is mounted on the wall opposite the entrance to the shower no more than 1 200 mm above the finished floor, and
(iii)does not obstruct the use of the grab bars, and
(j)have fully recessed soap holders that can be reached from the seated position. (3) All other controls installed in a shower described in Sentence (2) shall comply with Subclauses (2)(h)(i) to (iii). (4) At each location where a showering facility is provided for use by the general public or customers, or as part of a common-use area for employees, at least one universal dressing and shower room shall be provided. (See Note A- 3.8.3.13.(4)) (5) A universal dressing and shower room required by Sentence 3.8.3.13.(4) shall
3.8.3.14. Service CountersCopy link
(1)Where a service counter is provided, at least one section of the service counter shall comply with Sentence (2). (See Note A-3.8.3.14.(1))
(2)A section of a service counter required to be barrier-free shall
(a)be not less than 800 mm long centred over a knee space conforming to Clause (c),
(b)have a surface not more than 865 mm above the floor, and
(c)where forward-facing interaction with a person or a device is required, have a knee space underneath it that is
(i)not less than 800 mm wide,
(ii)not less than 685 mm high, and
(iii)not less than 485 mm deep. (See Note A-3.8.3.14.(2)(c))
3.8.3.15. Shelves or Counters for Telephones (See Note A-3.8.3.15.)Copy link
(1)Where more than one telephone is provided for public use, a built-in shelf or counter shall be provided for at least one telephone.
(2)A shelf or counter described in Sentence (1) shall
(a)be level,
(b)be not less than 500 mm wide and 350 mm deep, and
(c)have, for each telephone provided, a clear space that
(i)is not less than 810 mm wide and 1 370 mm deep, centred on the telephone, and
(ii)has no obstruction within 250 mm above the surface.
(3)The top surface of a section of the shelf or counter described in Sentence (1) shall
(a)be located not less than 775 mm and not more than 875 mm from the finished floor, and
(b)have a knee space not less than 740 mm high.
(4)Where a wall-hung telephone is provided above the shelf or counter section described in Sentence (3), it shall be located so that the receiver and coin or card slot are not more than 1 200 mm from the finished floor.
(5)Where more than one telephone is provided for public use in a normally occupied floor area that is not required by Article 3.8.2.1. to have a barrier-free path of travel, a built-in shelf or counter that conforms to Sentences (2), (3) and (4) shall be provided for at least one telephone.
3.8.3.16. Drinking Fountains (See Note A-3.8.3.16.)Copy link
(1)Where more than one drinking fountain is provided, at least one shall be a barrier-free fountain that conforms to Sentences (2) and (3).
(2)A barrier-free drinking fountain shall
(a)have a spout located near the front of the unit not more than 915 mm above the finished floor,
(b)be equipped with controls that are easily operated from a wheelchair using one hand with a force of not more than 22 N or operates automatically,
(c)project the water at least 100 mm high,
(d)provide the water stream at a vertical angle of up to
(i)30 o, where the spout is located less than 75 mm from the front of the fountain, or
(ii)15 o, where the spout is located not less than 75 mm and not more than 125 mm from the front of the fountain,
(e)be detectable by a cane at a level at or below 680 mm from the finished floor, and
(f)where the drinking fountain is cantilevered, meet the following requirements:
(i)be mounted not more than 915 mm above the finished floor,
(ii)provide a clearance height under the fountain of not less than 735 mm above the finished floor,
(iii)have a clear depth under the fountain of not less than 450 mm,
(iv)have a clear width under the fountain of not less than 760 mm,
(v)have a toe clearance height under the fountain of at least 350 mm above the finished floor from a point 300 mm back from the front edge to the wall, and
(vi)have a depth at the base of the fountain of at least 700 mm.
(3)A barrier-free drinking fountain required by Sentence (1) shall have a clear floor space in front of, or adjacent to, the fountain that is a minimum of 810 mm deep and 1 370 mm wide.
(4)Where more than one drinking fountain is provided in a normally occupied floor area that is not required by Article 3.8.2.1. to have a barrier-free path of travel, at least one shall be a barrier-free fountain that conforms to Sentences (2) and (3).
3.8.3.16A. Water-Bottle Filling StationsCopy link
(1)Where one or more water-bottle filling stations are provided at each location, at least one shall be equipped with controls that
(a)activate automatically, or
(b)comply with Clause 3.8.1.5.(1)(c).
(2)Water-bottle filling stations required by Sentence (1) that are located in a storey where a barrier-free path of travel is required shall
(a)be located along the barrier-free path of travel,
(b)have a clear floor space of 800 mm by 1 350 mm in front of them, (See Note A-3.8.3.16A.(2)(b))
(c)where they have frontal access, provide a knee clearance in accordance with Clause 3.8.3.11.(1)(c),
(d)be operable at a height of not more than 1 200 mm above the floor, and (See Note A-3.8.3.16A.(2)(d))
(e)be equipped with controls that
(i)activate automatically, or
(ii)comply with Sentence 3.8.1.5.(1). (See Sentences 3.3.1.8.(2) and (3) on horizontal projections.)
3.8.3.17. PlatformsCopy link
(1)A tactile attention indicator conforming to Article 3.8.3.18. shall be installed along any edge of a platform that is
(a)not protected by a guard, and
(b)higher than 250 mm above the finished floor or ground or sloped steeper than 1 in 3.
(2)Sentence (1) does not apply to the front edges of stages.
3.8.3.18. Tactile Attention IndicatorsCopy link
(1)Where a tactile attention indicator is required, it shall conform to Sentence (2) and Clauses 4.1.1. and 4.1.2. of ISO 23599, “Assistive Products for Blind and Vision-Impaired Persons – Tactile Walking Surface Indicators.”
(2)The depth of the tactile attention indicator shall be not less than 300 mm and not more than 610 mm.
Section 3.9 Portable ClassroomsCopy link
3.9.1. ScopeCopy link
3.9.1.1. ApplicationCopy link
(1)Except as provided in this Section, the requirements in this Division apply to portable classrooms.
3.9.1.2. Heating SystemsCopy link
(1)Heating systems and equipment in a portable classroom shall be designed and installed in accordance with Section 6.2.
3.9.2. Interior FinishCopy link
3.9.2.1. Flame-Spread RatingsCopy link
(1)Interior finish material used on a wall or ceiling of a portable classroom shall have a flame-spread rating of 150 or less.
3.9.3. Application (See Note A-3.9.3.)Copy link
3.9.3.1. Building AreasCopy link
(1)A single portable classroom shall be not more than 100 m² in building area, and not more than 1 storey in building height.
(2)For the purposes of Subsection 3.2.2., where the horizontal distance between portable classrooms is less than 6 m, a group of portable classrooms may be considered as a single building with a building area equal to the aggregate area of the portable classrooms.
3.9.3.2. Spatial SeparationsCopy link
(1)The requirements in Subsection 3.2.3. need not be provided between individual portable classrooms where the distance between the classrooms is 6 m or more.
(2)The requirements in Subsection 3.2.3. need not be provided between individual portable classrooms within a group where
(a)the portable classrooms are in groups where
(i)the distance between the classrooms is less than 6 m,
(ii)the number of classrooms in a group is not more than six, and
(iii)the distance between groups of classrooms is 12 m or more, or
(b)the portable classrooms are in groups where
(i)the means of egress for each classroom within a group is by a common corridor or passageway,
(ii)the number of portable classrooms in a group is not more than six, and
(iii)the distance between groups of portable classrooms is 12 m or more.
3.9.3.3. Fire Alarm SystemsCopy link
(1)Except as provided in Sentences (2) and (3), the fire alarm system in the main school building shall be extended to the portable classrooms with a separate zone indicator on the annunciator.
(2)The requirements in Sentence (1) need not be provided where there are not more than 12 portables on a site and where
(a)the distance between portable classrooms is less than 6 m and the requirements of Subsection 3.2.3. are applied between the classrooms, or
(b)the portable classrooms are in groups where
(i)the distance between the classrooms is less than 6 m,
(ii)the number of classrooms in a group does not exceed six,
(iii)within a group of classrooms, the facing walls have a fire-resistance rating of 45 min, rated from inside the classroom, and
(iv)the distance between groups of classrooms is 12 m or more.
(3)The requirements in Sentence (1) need not be provided where the distance between portable classrooms is 6 m or more.
3.9.3.4. Provisions for FirefightingCopy link
(1)The requirements in Articles 3.2.2.10. and 3.2.5.1. to 3.2.5.7. need not be provided where there are not more than 12 portable classrooms on a site and where
(a)the distance between portable classrooms is 6 m or more,
(b)the distance between portable classrooms is less than 6 m and the requirements of Subsection 3.2.3. are applied between the classrooms, or
(c)the portable classrooms are in groups conforming with either Clause 3.9.3.2.(2)(a) or (b).
3.9.3.5. Portable Fire ExtinguishersCopy link
(1)A fire extinguisher, in accordance with Article 3.2.5.16., shall be installed in each portable classroom.
3.9.3.6. Means of EgressCopy link
(1)Except as required in Sentence 3.9.3.7.(1), a portable classroom shall be provided with means of egress conforming to Sections 3.3. and 3.4.
3.9.3.7. Fuel-Fired AppliancesCopy link
(1)Where there is only one egress door from a portable classroom, a fuel-fired appliance shall be separated from the remainder of the classroom by a fire separation with a fire-resistance rating of not less than 45 min.
(2)Except as provided in Sentences (3) and (4), if a portable classroom contains a fuel-fired appliance, the appliance shall be separated from the remainder of the classroom by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than
(a)1.5 h where the horizontal distance between portable classrooms is 1.5 m or less, and
(b)45 min where the horizontal distance between portable classrooms is more than 1.5 m.
(3)If the horizontal distance between portable classrooms is 6 m or more, a fuel-fired appliance need not be separated from the remainder of the classroom by a fire separation provided
(a)there is not more than one appliance per portable classroom, and
(b)the appliance is located not less than 4.5 m from an egress doorway or an exit from the portable classroom.
(4)Fuel-fired appliances with sealed combustion located in a portable classroom are not required to be separated from the remainder of the classroom
(a)if there are not more than four portable classrooms in a group, and
(b)if the appliance is located not less than 4.5 m from an egress doorway or an exit from the portable classroom.
3.9.3.8. Washroom FacilitiesCopy link
(1)Washroom facilities need not be provided in a portable classroom where the facilities in the main school building comply with the requirements of Subsection 3.7.4. for the total occupant load of the main school building and the portable classrooms.
3.9.3.9. Barrier-Free AccessCopy link
(1)The requirements of Section 3.8. for barrier-free access need not be provided for a portable classroom provided that the main school building complies with the requirements of Section 3.8.
Section 3.10 Self-Service Storage BuildingsCopy link
3.10.1. ScopeCopy link
3.10.1.1. ApplicationCopy link
(1)Except as provided in this Section, the requirements in this Division apply to self-service storage buildings.
3.10.2. Requirements for All BuildingsCopy link
3.10.2.1. Occupancy ClassificationCopy link
(1)A self-service storage building
(a)shall comply with the requirements for a Group F, Division 2 major occupancy, and
(b)shall not contain a Group F, Division 1 occupancy.
3.10.2.2. Occupant LoadCopy link
(1)The requirements based on occupant load shall not apply.
3.10.2.3. Structural Fire ProtectionCopy link
(1)Except as provided in Sentence 3.10.4.2.(1), the requirements in Subsections 3.2.1. and 3.2.2. shall apply.
(2)The first storey shall be subdivided into areas not more than 500 m² by a masonry or reinforced concrete fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h, or it shall be sprinklered.
3.10.2.4. Safety Requirements Within Floor AreasCopy link
(1)Except as provided in Sentences (2) to (12), the requirements in Section 3.3. shall apply.
(2)A corridor need not be constructed as a public corridor where the travel distance, measured from inside the rental space to the nearest exit, is not more than 15 m provided that the corridor walls
(a)are of noncombustible construction,
(b)have no openings other than doors and the doors are of solid construction, and
(c)are continuous from the floor to the underside of the floor above, the ceiling or the roof.
(3)Where the building is sprinklered throughout, doors in a public corridor do not require to be equipped with self- closing devices and latches provided that the travel distance is measured from inside the rental space to the nearest exit.
(4)Egress doors from a rental space are not required to swing in the direction of exit travel or swing on a vertical axis provided
(a)the area of the rental space is not more than 50 m², and
(b)the distance of travel within the rental space is not more than 10 m.
(5)Where egress doors from a rental space open onto a corridor and swing in the direction of exit travel, the corridor shall be not less than 1 500 mm wide, and the doors shall be not more than 914 mm wide.
(6)Where egress doors from a rental space open onto a corridor and do not swing in the direction of exit travel, the corridor shall be not less than 1 100 mm in width.
(7)Dead-end corridors are not permitted.
(8)Corridors shall be provided with
(a)natural lighting that shall be uniformly distributed and be at least 4% of the corridor area, or
(b)emergency lighting, conforming to Sentences 3.2.7.4.(1) and (2), that shall provide average levels of illumination not less than 10 lx at floor level.
(9)Not more than two dwelling units shall be contained within one of the buildings on the property.
(10)Except as provided in Sentence (11), dwelling units shall be separated from the remainder of the building by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than 2 h.
(11)A fire separation is not required between a dwelling unit and an office where the office is not more than 50 m² in area.
(12)The fire separations required in Sentence 3.3.1.1.(1) need not be provided between individual rental spaces.
3.10.2.5. Exit RequirementsCopy link
(1)Except as provided in Sentences (2) and (3), the requirements in Section 3.4. shall apply.
(2)The clear width of an exit stair shall be not less than 1 100 mm.
(3)Exit doors from rental spaces are not required to swing on a vertical axis provided
(a)the area of the rental space is not more than 50 m², and
(b)the travel distance within the rental space is not more than 10 m.
3.10.2.6. Service FacilitiesCopy link
(1)Except as provided in Sentence (2), the requirements in Section 3.6. shall apply.
(2)Except where located in and serving only the dwelling units, a fuel-fired appliance shall be located in a service room separated from the remainder of the building by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h.
3.10.2.7. Sanitary FacilitiesCopy link
(1)Except as provided in Sentence (2), the requirements in Subsection 3.7.4. shall apply.
(2)Except as permitted in Sentences 3.7.4.1.(2) and (3), two washrooms, each containing a water closet and a lavatory, shall be provided within one of the buildings on the property.
3.10.3. Additional Requirements for Buildings Containing More than 1 StoreyCopy link
3.10.3.1. ApplicationCopy link
(1)The requirements in this Subsection apply to all buildings except a 1 storey building that does not contain a basement or mezzanine.
3.10.3.2. Spatial SeparationsCopy link
(1)Except as provided in Sentence (2), the requirements in Subsection 3.2.3. shall apply.
(2)The distance between buildings shall be not less than 9 m.
3.10.3.3. Fire Alarm SystemsCopy link
(1)Except as provided in Sentences (2) and (3), the requirements in Subsection 3.2.4. shall apply.
(2)A fire alarm system shall be installed.
(3)Within the first storey, manual stations are required only in corridors.
3.10.3.4. Provisions for FirefightingCopy link
(1)Except as provided in Sentences (2) and (3), the requirements in Subsection 3.2.5. shall apply.
(2)Access routes for fire department vehicles shall be provided and shall be not less than 9 m wide.
(3)Hydrants shall be located in the access routes required in Sentence (2) so that
(a)for a building provided with a fire department connection for a standpipe system or a sprinkler system,
(i)a fire department pumper vehicle can be located adjacent to a hydrant, and
(ii)the unobstructed path of travel for the firefighter from the vehicle to the fire department connection is not more than 45 m, and
(b)for a building that is not sprinklered throughout, a fire department pumper vehicle can be located in the access route so that the unobstructed path of travel for the firefighter is not more than
(i)45 m from the hydrant to the vehicle, and
(ii)45 m from the vehicle to every opening in the building.
3.10.3.5. Standpipe SystemsCopy link
(1)Except as provided in Sentence (2), the requirements in Articles 3.2.5.8. to 3.2.5.11. shall apply.
(2)Hose stations are not required in the first storey.
3.10.4. Additional Requirements for 1 Storey BuildingsCopy link
3.10.4.1. ApplicationCopy link
(1)The requirements in this Subsection apply to 1 storey buildings that do not contain a basement or mezzanine.
3.10.4.2. Building AreaCopy link
(1)For the purposes of Subsection 3.2.2., building area means
(a)the building area of each building,
(b)the total of the building areas of all buildings as a group, or
(c)the total of the building areas of any number or group of buildings.
3.10.4.3. Spatial SeparationsCopy link
(1)Except as provided in Sentences (2) to (4), the requirements in Subsection 3.2.3. shall apply.
(2)Where the building area conforms to Clause 3.10.4.2.(1)(b), the limiting distance requirements shall not apply between individual buildings.
(3)Where the building area conforms to Clause 3.10.4.2.(1)(c),
(a)the limiting distance requirements shall apply between each group of buildings, but not between individual buildings within a group, and
(b)the distance between each group of buildings shall be not less than 9 m.
(4)The distance between individual buildings within a group shall be not less than 6 m.
3.10.4.4. Fire Alarm SystemsCopy link
(1)Except as provided in Sentence (2), the requirements in Subsection 3.2.4. shall not apply.
(2)The requirements for smoke alarms in Article 3.2.4.20. shall apply to a dwelling unit.
3.10.4.5. Provisions for FirefightingCopy link
(1)Except as provided in Sentences (2) to (7), the requirements in Subsection 3.2.5. shall not apply.
(2)Access routes for fire department vehicles shall be provided and shall be not less than 9 m wide.
(3)Hydrants shall be located in the access routes required in Sentence (2) so that the locations conform to Sentence 3.10.3.4.(3).
(4)The access routes required in Sentence (2) shall conform to the requirements in Sentence 3.2.5.6.(1).
(5)An adequate water supply for firefighting shall be provided for every building.
(6)Where a sprinkler system is installed, the system shall conform to the requirements in Articles 3.2.5.12., 3.2.5.15. and 3.2.5.17.
(7)Where combustible sprinkler piping is installed, it shall conform to the requirements in Article 3.2.5.13.
Section 3.11 Public PoolsCopy link
3.11.1. GeneralCopy link
3.11.1.1. ApplicationCopy link
(1)This Section applies to every public pool.
(2)This Section applies to the design and construction of site assembled and manufactured pools that are intended for use as public pools.
(3)Where material alterations to a public pool or the equipment installed in a public pool affect the bottom slope, the water volume or the capacity of the recirculation system, the adversely affected portions shall comply with the requirements of this Division.
(4)Where material alterations or repairs concern any pool fitting passing water and/or air in or out of the pool tank, the affected fitting shall comply with Sentences 3.11.8.1.(14) to (20).
3.11.2. Designations of Public PoolsCopy link
3.11.2.1. Pool DesignationsCopy link
(1)Every public pool shall be designated as being either a Class A pool or a Class B pool in accordance with Sentence (2) or (3).
(2)A Class A pool is a public pool to which the general public is admitted or that is
(a)operated in conjunction with or as a part of a program of an educational, instructional, physical fitness or athletic institution or association, supported in whole or in part by public funds or public subscription, or
(b)operated on the premises of a recreational camp, for use by campers and their visitors and camp personnel.
(3)A Class B pool is a public pool that is
(a)operated in conjunction with six or more dwelling units, suites, single family residences, or any combination of them for the use of occupants or residents and their visitors,
(b)operated in conjunction with a mobile home park for the use of residents or occupants and their visitors,
(c)operated on the premises of a hotel for the use of its guests and their visitors,
(d)operated on the premises of a campground for the use of its tenants and their visitors,
(e)operated in conjunction with a club for the use of its members and their visitors, or
(f)operated in conjunction with an establishment or institution classified in Table 3.1.2.1. as
(i)Group B, Division 1, major occupancy, or
(ii)Group B, Division 2 or 3, major occupancy, for the use of residents or occupants and their visitors.
3.11.3. Pool and Pool Deck Design and Construction Requirements for All Class A and Class B PoolsCopy link
3.11.3.1. Construction RequirementsCopy link
(1)Except as otherwise required in Subsections 3.11.4., 3.11.5., 3.11.6. and 3.11.7. or otherwise exempted in Sentences (2) and (3), Class A pools and Class B pools shall be designed and constructed to comply with Sentences (2) to (28) and Articles 3.11.3.2. and 3.11.3.3.
(2)Where a Class B pool is constructed for use solely in conjunction with a club, child care facility, day camp or establishment or institution for the care of persons who are infirm, aged or in custodial care, the pool shall be exempt from the requirements of Clause (9)(a) and Sentences (13) and (14).
(3)Where a Class B pool is constructed for use solely in conjunction with an establishment or institution for the treatment of persons with disabilities or persons who are ill, the pool shall be exempt from the requirements of Sentences (6) and (7), Clause (9)(a) and Sentences (13) and (14).
(4)A public pool shall be constructed to have a water depth of not less than 750 mm except for
(a)a modified pool,
(b)a wave action pool,
(c)a pool for therapeutic use,
(d)a beach entry ramp, and
(e)a pool described in Sentence 3.11.5.2.(1).
(5)The beach entry ramp permitted in Clause (4)(d) shall be protected with permanent barriers between 900 mm to 1 200 mm along the pool deck to prevent entry into the pool until the minimum water pool depth is 750 mm.
(6)Except for a modified pool, a wave action pool and a pool used exclusively for scuba diving, the slope of the bottom of any portion of a public pool shall not exceed
(a)8% where the water depth is 1 350 mm or less,
(b)33% where the water depth is more than 1 350 mm and less than 2 000 mm, and
(c)50% where the water depth is 2 000 mm or more.
(7)Except for a modified pool and wave action pool, where the slope of any portion of the bottom of a public pool is more than 8%, the walls of the pool shall be equipped with recessed fittings to which a safety line supported by buoys can be attached across the surface of the water and the recessed fittings shall be installed at a horizontal distance of at least 300 mm measured from the vertical projection of the top of the slope in the direction of the shallow end of the pool.
(8)Except for a modified pool, wave action pool and a pool described in Sentence 3.11.5.2.(1), the side and end walls of a public pool shall be vertical from the top of the walls to within 150 mm of the bottom except at steps or recessed ladders or in water depths of 1 350 mm or more.
(9)Except for a modified pool and wave action pool and except as provided in Sentence (11), a public pool shall be surrounded by a hard-surfaced pool deck that shall
(a)except for a pool described in Sentence 3.11.5.2.(1), be not less than 1 800 mm wide with at least 1 100 mm of that width being a barrier-free path of travel described in Article 3.8.1.3., (See Note A-3.11.3.1.(9)(a))
(b)in the case of an outdoor pool, be sloped away from the pool to waste drains or to adjacent lower ground at a slope of between 2% and 4%, and
(c)in the case of an indoor pool, be impervious and sloped away from the pool to waste drains at a slope of between 1% and 4%.
(10)Where a public pool is constructed with a ledge, the ledge shall
(a)be placed only in parts of the pool where the water depth is 1 350 mm or more,
(b)be not more than 200 mm wide,
(c)be at least 1 000 mm below the water surface,
(d)where located on the side of the pool, be gradually tapered towards the shallow end of the pool in such a manner as to prevent a harmful obstruction, and
(e)have a band of contrasting colour along the entire juncture of the side and top of the ledge.
(11)Notwithstanding Sentences (12) to (17), where a public pool is constructed on any level surface with walls rising above that surface and has a constant water depth not exceeding 1 100 mm and a water surface area not exceeding 100 m², the pool deck may be an elevated platform surrounding the pool if it has
(a)an unobstructed width of not less than 900 mm,
(b)a height of at least 75 mm above grade or pavement elevation,
(c)6 mm wide openings for drainage, and
(d)a non-slip surface that is capable of being kept clean and disinfected.
(12)Except for a modified pool and wave action pool, where a pool deck projects over the water surface, the projection shall not exceed 50 mm.
(13)Except for a modified pool and wave action pool, the pool deck shall be separated from any adjacent spectator area or gallery and from any spectator access to such area or gallery by a gate or other barrier.
(14)Except for a modified pool and wave action pool, the perimeter of the pool deck shall be clearly delineated by a tactile attention indicator conforming to Article 3.8.3.18. and located where any area contiguous to the pool deck may be confused with the deck. (See Note A-3.11.3.1.(14))
(15)Except for a modified pool and wave action pool, the perimeter of the pool deck shall be clearly delineated by painted lines or other means where any area contiguous to the pool deck may be confused with the deck.
(16)Perimeter drainage shall be provided where necessary to prevent surface run-off from draining onto the pool deck.
(17)Except for a modified pool, one or more hose bibbs shall be installed near the perimeter of the pool deck in locations convenient for flushing the pool deck.
(18)Except for a modified pool and wave action pool, where access to the pool enclosure is over any surface that is not subject to regular cleaning and sanitizing, a foot spray to wash feet by means of a spray running freely to waste shall be provided at each such access.
(19)Except for a modified pool and wave action pool, at least
(a)one ladder or set of steps shall be provided in both the deep and shallow areas of a public pool for entry into and egress from the pool water, and
(b)one barrier-free access shall be provided for entry into and egress from the water of a public pool as required by Article 3.11.3.3.
(20)The pool deck, the submerged parts of a public pool, the walls or partitions adjacent to a pool deck and the pavement or floor adjacent to a pool deck shall have surfaces that permit thorough cleaning.
(21)Except for markings for safety or competition purposes, submerged surfaces in public pools shall be finished white or light in colour.
(22)Except in a modified pool, a black disc 150 mm in diameter on a white background shall be affixed to the bottom of a public pool within the area of its greatest depth.
(23)A public pool shall be equipped with lockable doors or other barriers capable of preventing public access to the pool deck.
(24)Except for a modified pool, wave action pool or a pool installed at a recreational camp, a Class A pool shall be provided with,
(a)where the water surface area is greater than 150 m² but not greater than 230 m², at least one lifeguard control station, and
(b)where the water surface area is greater than 230 m², at least two lifeguard control stations.
(25)Except for a modified pool, every public pool shall display on the deck clearly marked figures, not less than 100 mm high, that set out
(a)the water depths indicating the deep points, the breaks between gentle and steep bottom slopes and the shallow points,
(b)the words SHALLOW AREA at one or more appropriate locations, and
(c)where the water depth exceeds 2 500 mm, the words DEEP AREA at one or more appropriate locations.
(26)Except for a modified pool and a pool to which Sentence 3.11.5.2.(2) applies, every public pool having a maximum water depth of 2 500 mm or less shall display a warning notice posted in a location clearly visible to divers on which are
(27)Except where no space is provided between ladder treads and the pool wall, the space between the pool wall and submerged portions of any treads of a ladder for entry into and egress from the water shall be not more than 150 mm and not less than 75 mm.
(28)If a set of steps is provided for entry into and egress from public pools in Sentence (19), the steps shall
(a)be equipped with a handrail,
(b)have a non-slip surface, and
(c)have a band of contrasting colour along the entire juncture of the side and top of the edges
3.11.3.2. Barrier-Free Path of Travel for Outdoor Pool DeckCopy link
(1)Where an outdoor pool is provided, a barrier-free path of travel shall be provided to and throughout the normally occupied portions of the pool deck. (See Note A-3.11.3.2.(1))
3.11.3.3. Access into Public PoolsCopy link
(1)Access for entry into and egress from the water of a public pool provided in a storey that is required by Article 3.8.2.1. to have a barrier-free path of travel shall be barrier-free and shall be provided by
(a)a ramp conforming to
(i)Article 3.11.5.1., and
(ii)Article 3.11.5.2., in the case of a pool described in Sentence 3.11.5.2.(1), or
(b)a pool lift conforming to the manufacturer’s specifications and installation instructions and conforming to Sentences (2) to (6).
(2)Except where the entire pool depth is greater than 1 220 mm, where a pool lift is installed, at least one lift shall be located where the water level does not exceed 1 220 mm.
(3)The centre line of the seat for the pool lift shall be located over the deck and a minimum of 400 mm from the edge of the pool when in the raised position.
(4)A clear deck space located parallel with the seat for the pool lift and on the side of the seat opposite the water shall
(a)be at least 915 mm wide, and
(b)extend forward not less than 1 220 mm from a line located 305 mm behind the rear edge of the seat. (See Note A-3.11.3.3.(4))
(5)The pool lift shall be
(a)designed to be operable without assistance from both the deck and water, and
(b)designed so that, when in use, its controls and operating mechanisms are unobstructed.
(6)The pool lift shall
(a)have a weight capacity of at least 135 kg, and
(b)be capable of sustaining a static load of at least 1.5 times the rated load.
3.11.4. Public Pools Equipped with Diving Boards or Diving PlatformsCopy link
3.11.4.1. Diving Boards or PlatformsCopy link
(1)No diving board or diving platform shall be installed in a public pool unless the requirements of Sentences (5) to (17) are met but the requirements for a diving platform do not apply to a starting platform.
(2)No diving board or diving platform shall be installed in a modified pool or a wave action pool.
(3)Where a public pool is equipped with a diving board or a diving platform, the board or platform shall have a non- slip surface.
(4)Where a diving board or a diving platform in a public pool is more than 600 mm above the water surface, the board or platform shall be equipped with one or more adjacent handrails.
(5)Where a public pool is equipped with a diving board or a diving platform not more than 3 m in height above the water surface, the pool shall be designed and constructed in conformance with Sentences (6) to (15).
(6)The depth of water in the area directly below a horizontal semi-circle in front of a diving board or diving platform having a radius of 3 m measured from any point on the front end of the board or platform shall not be less than
(a)2 750 mm, where a board is 600 mm or less in height above the water surface,
(b)3 m, where a board or platform is greater than 600 mm but not more than 1 000 mm in height above the water surface, and
(c)3.65 m, where a board or platform is greater than 1 000 mm but not more than 3 m in height above the water surface.
(7)Except as permitted in Sentence (8), the water depth in a public pool shall be at least 1 350 mm at the horizontal arc having a radius of 9 m measured from any point on the front end of the diving board or diving platform and intersecting the vertical projections of the walls of the pool.
(8)Where a Class B pool is equipped with a diving board 600 mm or less in height above the water
(a)the water depth shall be at least 1 350 mm at the horizontal arc having a radius of 7.5 m measured from any point on the front end of the diving board, and
(b)a warning notice, on which is printed in letters at least 150 mm high, the words DANGER — AVOID DEEP OR LONG DIVES, shall be posted in a location clearly visible to divers.
(9)The slope of the bottom of a public pool having a diving board or diving platform shall not change by more than 17% where the water depth is less than the applicable depth set out in Sentence (6) and greater than the depth set out in Sentence (7) or (8), as applicable.
(10)The horizontal distance between the vertical projection of the centre line of a diving board or diving platform and the vertical projection of the centre line of another board or platform shall be at least 2 750 mm.
(11)The horizontal distance between the centre line of a diving board or diving platform and the vertical projection of the closest side or any ledge on the closest side of a public pool shall be at least
(a)3 m, where a diving board or diving platform is 1 000 mm or less in height above the water surface, and
(b)3.6 m, where a diving board or diving platform is greater than 1 000 mm in height above the water surface.
(12)A diving board or a diving platform 600 mm or less in height above the water surface shall project over the water a horizontal distance of at least 900 mm from the vertical projection of a pool wall under it.
(13)A diving board greater than 600 mm in height above the water surface shall project over the water a horizontal distance of at least 1 500 mm from the vertical projection of the pool wall under it.
(14)A diving platform greater than 600 mm in height above the water surface shall project a horizontal distance of at least 1 200 mm from the vertical projection of the pool wall under it.
(15)The space above a diving board or diving platform shall be unobstructed and shall consist of at least
(a)a space having a width of 2 500 mm on each side of the centre line of the board or platform, a length equal to the sum of the horizontal distance the board or platform projects over the water plus 3 m, and a height of,
(i)3.65 m above a diving board 3.65 m or less in length,
(ii)5 m above a diving board greater than 3.65 m in length, or
(iii)3 m above a diving platform, and
(b)the space below the planes originating from the front and sides of the uppermost horizontal plane of the space determined under Clause (a) and sloping downwards at 30° from the horizontal.
(16)A diving board or diving platform greater in height than 3 m above the water surface shall be equipped with a gate, barrier or other device capable of preventing access to the diving board or diving platform.
(17)Where a public pool is to be equipped with diving boards or diving platforms greater than 3 m in height above the water surface, the design of the diving boards or diving platforms and the corresponding water depths and clearances shall be in accordance with FINA, “Rules and Regulations - FINA Facilities Rules 2021-2025 – FR3 Diving Facilities.”
3.11.5. Ramps into Public PoolsCopy link
3.11.5.1. Ramps into Public PoolsCopy link
(1)Where barrier-free access for entry into and egress from the water of a public pool is provided by a ramp as required by Clause 3.11.3.3.(1)(a), the pool shall be designed and constructed in accordance with Sentences (2) to (4).
(2)A ramp shall have
(a)along each side a handrail that
(i)has a height of not less than 865 mm and not more than 965 mm, and
(ii)runs parallel to the slope of the ramp,
(b)a width of at least 1 100 mm,
(c)a curb or other means to prevent a wheelchair from falling off the side of the ramp,
(d)surface finishes capable of being kept clean, sanitary and free from slipperiness, and
(e)a landing at the bottom at least 1 500 mm in length and the same width as the ramp.
(3)Where a ramp that is not submerged is adjacent to the pool wall and is used for access to the water, the pool shall be constructed so that
(a)the landing at the bottom of the ramp is at least 450 mm but not more than 550 mm below the top of the wall separating the ramp from the pool,
(b)the landing is equipped with a floor drain at its lowest point,
(c)the top of the wall between the pool and the ramp is at least 250 mm and not more than 300 mm in width,
(d)the pool deck is capable of accommodating a movable barrier separating the deck from the ramp,
(e)the water depth at the landing is accurately and clearly marked at the landing in figures at least 100 mm high on the top of the wall separating the pool from the ramp, and
(f)the ramp has a slope not exceeding 1 in 12.
(4)Where a submerged ramp is adjacent to the pool wall and is used for access to the water, the pool shall be constructed so that
(a)the water depth at the bottom of the ramp is at least 600 mm and not greater than 900 mm,
(b)a hard-surfaced area that is at least 900 mm wide is contiguous to the entire length of the part of the submerged ramp that pierces any part of the deck, (See Note A-3.11.5.1.(4)(b))
(c)the area described in Clause (b) is capable of accommodating a movable barrier separating the area from the deck,
(d)the finishes in submerged portions of the ramps and curbs are different in colour or shade from each other and from that of the pool walls and bottom, and
(e)the submerged ramp has a slope not exceeding 1 in 9.
3.11.5.2. Public Pools in Group B, Division 2 or 3 Major OccupanciesCopy link
(1)Despite Sentences 3.11.3.1.(4) and (8) and Clause 3.11.3.1.(9)(a), where a public pool is constructed in a building containing a Group B, Division 2 or 3 major occupancy and has a water depth not exceeding 1 500 mm and a water surface area not exceeding 100 m², the pool deck contiguous to not more than 50% of the total perimeter of the pool may be replaced by one or more ramp s that will permit a bather seated in a wheelchair to enter the water with or without the wheelchair.
(2)Despite Sentence 3.11.3.1.(26), a warning notice, on which are printed in letters at least 150 mm high the words CAUTION — NO DIVING, shall be posted conspicuously on each wall or fence line enclosing a pool described in Sentence (1).
(3)There shall be a curb along the perimeter of a pool described in Sentence (1) except at steps, ladders and ramp entrances.
(4)The curb required by Sentence (3) shall have
(a)a height of 50 mm,
(b)rounded edges,
(c)a coved base, and
(d)a raised nosing at the top to serve as a fingerhold for a bather in the water.
3.11.6. Modified PoolsCopy link
3.11.6.1. Construction RequirementsCopy link
(1)A modified pool is exempt from Sentences 3.11.3.1.(4) to (9), (12), (13), (14), (17), (18), (19), (22), (24), (25) and (26), Sentence 3.11.8.1.(12) and Article 3.11.3.3.
(2)A modified pool shall be designed and constructed to comply with Sentences (3) to (9).
(3)A modified pool and its pool deck shall be constructed of hard-surfaced material that permits thorough cleaning.
(4)The slope of the bottom of any portion of a modified pool shall not exceed 1 in 12.
(5)The depth of the water in any portion of a modified pool shall not be more than 1 800 mm.
(6)A modified pool shall be surrounded on all sides by a hard-surfaced pool deck that shall
(a)be at least 3 m wide,
(b)have a continuous crest surrounding the pool at least 100 mm above the pool water surface, and
(c)be sloped to shed water from the crest to the outer perimeter of the pool deck.
(7)A modified pool shall be provided with two or more drain fittings covered with protective grilles with openings having an aggregate area of at least 10 times the internal cross-sectional area of the outlet pipe or pipes connected to the recirculation system that is capable of completely draining the pool.
(8)Provision shall be made for lifeguard control stations adjacent to the edge of the water at intervals of not more than 60 m.
(9)The bottom of a modified pool shall be marked with continuous black contour lines
(a)150 mm wide located where the water depth is 600 mm, and
(b)300 mm wide located where the water depth is 1 200 mm.
3.11.7. Wave Action PoolsCopy link
3.11.7.1. Construction RequirementsCopy link
(1)A wave action pool is exempt from Sentences 3.11.3.1.(4) to (9), (12), (13), (14), (18), (19) and (24), Sentence 3.11.8.1.(12) and Article 3.11.3.3.
(2)A wave action pool shall be designed and constructed to comply with Sentences (3) to (11).
(3)The slope of the bottom of any portion of a wave action pool
(a)shall not exceed 1 in 12 where the still water depth is less than 1 000 mm, and
(b)shall not exceed 1 in 9 where the still water depth is 1 000 mm or more.
(4)The walls of a wave action pool shall be vertical from the water surface to within 150 mm of the bottom.
(5)There shall be a hard-surfaced pool deck at least 3 m wide immediately adjacent to the pool wall at the shallow end of the pool and at least 1 500 mm wide immediately adjacent to all walls of the pool.
(6)Provision shall be made for two or more lifeguard control stations on each side of the pool deck adjacent to which the still water depth exceeds 1 000 mm.
(7)Sets of steps or ladders recessed into pool side walls and having continuous vertical grab bars on each side of them shall be located at intervals of not more than 7.5 m along portions of the pool where the still water depth exceeds 1 000 mm, except that no steps or ladders shall be located within 3 m of the corners at the deep end of the pool.
(8)Except at recessed steps or ladders, the pool deck along each side of a wave action pool adjacent to which the water depth is 2 300 mm or less shall be equipped with a barrier supported by posts or a wall that
(a)is 1 000 mm in height,
(b)is located 1 000 mm or less from the side of the pool, and
(c)has warning notices affixed to the barrier or wall at intervals not exceeding 7.5 m signifying clearly that jumping and diving are prohibited along the sides of the pool.
(9)Skimming devices shall be designed and suitably located to remove surface film when no waves are induced in a wave action pool.
(10)A system capable of deactivating the wave-making equipment shall be installed with readily accessible push buttons located on the pool deck not more than 30 m apart, adjacent to each side and the deep end of the pool.
(11)A wave action pool shall be equipped with a first-aid room located within 50 m of the pool.
3.11.8. Recirculation for Public PoolsCopy link
3.11.8.1. Recirculation SystemsCopy link
(1)Every public pool shall be equipped with a recirculation system.
(2)For the purposes of this Subsection, the water in a public pool and its recirculation system is deemed not to be potable water.
(3)The water in a public pool and its recirculation system shall be separated from the potable water supply and from the sewer or drainage system into which it drains by air gaps or other devices that prevent
(a)the water in the pool or its recirculation system from flowing back into the potable water supply, and
(b)the water in the sewer or drainage system from flowing back into the pool or its recirculation system.
(4)The recirculation system of a public pool shall be designed, constructed and equipped to comply with Sentences (5) to (20).
(5)The recirculation system of a public pool shall be capable of filtering, disinfecting and passing through the pool each day a volume of water of at least
(a)in the case of a Class A pool, other than a modified pool or a wave action pool, six times the total water volume of the pool,
(b)in the case of a Class B pool, other than a wave action pool, four times the total water volume of the pool,
(c)in the case of a modified pool, three times the total water volume of the pool, and
(d)in the case of a wave action pool, six times the total water volume of the pool.
(6)A recirculation system shall be equipped with a flow meter registering the rate of water flow.
(7)All pools shall be provided with automatic make-up water devices and provided with water meters to register the volume of all make-up water added to a public pool or its recirculation system.
(8)Equipment shall be installed to continuously disinfect the water in a public pool by means of
(a)a chlorination or hypochlorination system provided with a chemical controller for regulating the dosage of chlorine and capable of providing not less than,
(i)in the case of an outdoor pool, other than a wave action pool, 300 g of chlorine per day per 10 000 L of total pool capacity,
(ii)in the case of an indoor pool, other than a wave action pool, 200 g of chlorine per day per 10 000 L of total pool capacity,
(iii)in the case of an outdoor wave action pool, 1 200 g of chlorine per day per 10 000 L of total pool capacity, and
(iv)in the case of an indoor wave action pool, 800 g of chlorine per day per 10 000 L of total pool capacity, or
(b)a bromination system capable of maintaining in the pool water a total bromine residual of 3 mg/L.
(9)Chlorination equipment for a public pool shall contain a mechanism whereby the chlorine feed shall automatically terminate whenever the recirculation system ceases to supply clean water to the pool.
(10)All exposed potable water piping and chlorine piping within a public pool water treatment service room shall be colour coded by means of
(a)painting the entire outer surface of the piping, or
(b)coloured bands at least 25 mm in width that are spaced along the piping at intervals of not more than 1 200 mm.
(11)The colour coding referred to in Sentence (10) shall be yellow for chlorine and green for potable water.
(12)Except for a modified pool and wave action pool, a public pool shall be equipped with overflow gutters or surface skimmers connected to the recirculation system that are capable of removing surface film from the surface of the water and withdrawing each day and discharging to the waste drains up to 15% of the total volume of pool water.
(13)A public pool shall be equipped with clean water inlets arranged in conjunction with surface skimmers or overflow gutters to provide uniform distribution and circulation of clean water.
(14)Except as permitted in Sentence (19), all fittings at or below the water surface that allow water and/or air to be passed to or from the public pool shall
(a)have a maximum opening of 7 mm in one direction, and
(b)be securely held in place by corrosion resistance fastening that require a tool for removal and are galvanically compatible with the fittings and grilles or covers.
(15)Except as provided in Sentence 3.11.6.1.(7) for a modified pool, all fittings below the water surface that provide suction or gravity flow in a public pool shall
(a)be provided with a minimum of two suction or gravity outlets interconnected to a full size manifold, and
(b)be separated by a clear distance of not less than 1 200 mm.
(16)Except as provided in Sentence 3.11.6.1.(7) for a modified pool, water in all public pools shall be capable of being emptied through the pool drains in 12 hours or less.
(17)Except as provided in Sentence 3.11.6.1.(7) for a modified pool, openings in suction or gravity fittings shall
(a)be such that the flow of water does not exceed 0.45 m/s and the velocity is calculated assuming all possible sources of suction flow are present at one time, and
(b)be such that every suction fitting located within 1 000 mm of the water surface, except for skimmers and gutter fittings, contain openings with a minimum aggregate area of 0.2 m².
(18)Except for skimmers and gutters, all submerged suction and gravity fittings shall be clearly and permanently marked with a 50 mm wide band in a contrasting colour.
(19)Fittings returning water and/or air to the pool tank that are located within 300 mm of the water surface are permitted to have openings with one dimension more than 7 mm but shall contain no openings more than 25 mm in diameter.
(20)Submerged skimmer equalizer fittings and vacuum fittings are not permitted in public pools.
3.11.9. Dressing Rooms, Locker Facilities and Plumbing Facilities for All Public PoolsCopy link
3.11.9.1. Dressing Rooms and Sanitary FacilitiesCopy link
(1)Except as otherwise permitted in Sentences (2) and (3), every public pool shall be equipped with dressing rooms, locker rooms, shower heads, water closets, urinals, lavatories and drinking fountains that shall be designed, constructed and equipped to comply with Sentences (4) to (14).
(2)Where a Class A pool is installed on the premises of a recreational camp, dressing rooms, locker rooms, shower heads, water closets, urinals, lavatories and drinking fountains are not required if
(a)dressing, water closet and shower facilities are conveniently available for bathers elsewhere on the premises, and
(b)foot sprays are provided in accordance with Sentence 3.11.3.1.(18).
(3)Where a Class B pool is installed, dressing rooms, locker rooms, shower heads, lavatories, water closets, drinking fountains and urinals are not required if
(a)dressing, water closet and shower facilities are conveniently available elsewhere on the premises for bathers when the pool is open for use, and
(b)foot sprays are provided in accordance with Sentence 3.11.3.1.(18).
(4)The minimum number of water closets, urinals and lavatories shall be determined from Article 3.7.4.3. and Table 3.7.4.3.-C for an occupant load based on
(a)the formula in Sentence 3.1.17.3.(1) for all public pools, except a wave action pool, or
(b)the formula in Sentence 3.1.17.3.(2) for a wave action pool.
(5)A minimum of one shower head shall be provided for every 40 bathers.
(6)Where dressing and locker rooms, water closets and urinals are provided in conjunction with a public pool, they shall be located in such a manner that bathers, after using them, shall pass through or by a shower area to reach the pool deck.
(7)All shower heads shall be supplied with potable water at a pressure of at least 140 kPa.
(8)The shower water system shall have one or more tempering devices capable of being adjusted to ensure that water supplied to shower heads does not exceed 40°C.
(9)Floors in washrooms, shower areas and passageways used by bathers shall slope to waste drains at not less than 1% and shall be of hard surfaced materials that do not become slippery when wet.
(10)Joints between floors and walls shall be coved in areas described in Sentence (9) and in dressing and locker rooms.
(11)Hose bibbs shall be provided in safe locations convenient for flushing down the walls and floors in washrooms, shower areas and passageways used by bathers.
(12)Partitions or walls shall be provided to ensure privacy of dressing rooms, washrooms and shower areas.
(13)The bottom of interior partitions in dressing rooms and washrooms shall be between 250 mm and 350 mm above the floor.
(14)Dressing and locker room floors shall have non-slip surfaces that permit convenient and thorough cleaning and disinfecting.
3.11.10. Emergency Provisions for All Public PoolsCopy link
3.11.10.1. Lighting and Emergency ProvisionsCopy link
(1)Except as provided in Sentences (2) and (3), rooms and spaces used by the public in conjunction with a public pool shall be capable of illumination to levels in compliance with Subsection 3.2.7.
(2)Dressing rooms, locker rooms, shower rooms, washrooms and passageways shall have an illumination level of at least 200 lx at floor level.
(3)An indoor pool or an outdoor pool that is intended to be open for use after sundown shall be equipped with a lighting system
(a)that will maintain at any point on the pool deck and on the pool water surface an illumination level of at least
(i)200 lx in the case of an indoor pool, and
(ii)100 lx in the case of an outdoor pool, and
(b)that makes the underwater areas of the pool clearly visible from any point on the pool deck.
(4)An outdoor pool that is intended to be open for use after sundown and an indoor pool shall be equipped with an independent emergency lighting system that automatically operates whenever the normal electrical power supply to a public pool lighting system fails.
(5)The independent emergency lighting system required in Sentence (4) shall be capable of illuminating the pool deck, washroom, shower, locker areas, pool water surface and all means of egress to a level of at least 10 lx.
(6)An emergency power supply for the emergency lighting system required in Sentence (4) shall comply with Sentences 3.2.7.4.(1) and 3.2.7.7.(1) and Article 3.2.7.5.
(7)An emergency telephone directly connected to an emergency service or to the local telephone utility shall be installed adjacent to the pool deck of every Class A pool.
(8)A telephone accessible for emergency use shall be installed for every Class B pool within 30 m of the pool.
(9)Every wave action pool shall have a public address system that shall be clearly audible in all portions of the pool.
(10)Every wave action pool shall have a communication system for the use of persons engaged in supervision or operation of the pool that shall be interconnected with each lifeguard control station, the first-aid room and the bather admission control centre.
(11)The public address system and the communication system described in Sentences (9) and (10) shall be interconnected.
(12)All recirculating pumps used in a public pool shall be capable of being deactivated by an emergency stop button clearly labelled and located at
(a)a Class A pool beside the telephone that is required in Sentence (7), and
(b)a Class B pool on the deck area.
(13)The emergency stop button in Sentence (12) shall, when used, activate an audible and a visual signal located by the emergency stop.
(14)An emergency sign containing the words IN THE EVENT OF AN EMERGENCY PUSH EMERGENCY STOP BUTTON AND USE EMERGENCY PHONE, AUDIBLE AND VISUAL SIGNAL WILL ACTIVATE shall be in letters at least 25 mm high with a 5 mm stroke and posted above the emergency stop button.
3.11.11. Service Rooms and Storage for All Public PoolsCopy link
3.11.11.1. Service Rooms and Storage FacilitiesCopy link
(1)In addition to the requirements of this Subsection, service rooms shall comply with the requirements of Sentences 3.6.2.1.(5), 3.6.2.1.(7) and 3.6.2.1.(8) and Articles 3.5.3.3. and 3.6.2.2.
(2)Where compressed chlorine gas is used as a pool water disinfectant, the cylinders or containers of gas shall be located in a service room that
(a)except as provided in Sentences 3.1.9.4.(4), (5) and (7) to (9), is separated from the remainder of the building by a 1 h fire separation that is substantially gas tight,
(b)is designed for the sole purpose of containing all installed pressurized chlorine gas apparatus and piping and storing all chlorine gas containers or chlorine gas cylinders that are individually secured against toppling,
(c)is located at or above ground level,
(d)is provided with an exit door opening to the outdoors,
(e)has screened openings to the outdoors with at least one opening located within 150 mm from the floor and at least one opening located within 150 mm from the ceiling, each opening being 2% of the area of the floor,
(f)is equipped with emergency mechanical ventilation capable of producing at least 30 air changes per hour, taking suction at a maximum of 900 mm above the floor level and discharging at least 2 500 mm above ground level directly to the outdoors, and
(g)contains a platform weigh scale of at least 135 kg capacity for each chlorine cylinder in use.
(3)Storage facilities shall be provided for the safe storage of all chemicals required in pool operations.
(4)The storage facilities shall be ventilated and shall be equipped with a water hose connection and a floor drain.
(5)Service rooms and storage facilities, including rooms and facilities that contain electrical or mechanical equipment or chemicals or chemical feeders, shall be equipped with a secure locking device.
Section 3.12 Public SpasCopy link
3.12.1. GeneralCopy link
3.12.1.1. ApplicationCopy link
(1)This Section applies to the design and construction of site-assembled public spas and factory-built public spas.
(2)If material alterations to a public spa or the equipment installed in a public spa affect the bottom slope, the water volume or the capacity of the water circulation system, the adversely affected portions shall comply with the requirements of this Division.
(3)Except as provided in Sentence (4), if material alterations or repairs concern any pool fitting that passes water or air, or both, in or out of the pool tank, the affected fitting shall comply with Sentences 3.11.8.1.(20) and 3.12.4.1.(4) to (10).
(4)If the material alterations or repairs concern a fitting cover or grille, the affected fitting cover or grille shall comply with Sentences 3.12.4.1.(7) to (10).
(5)For the purposes of this Section, every reference to a public pool or a recirculation system in a definition in Article 1.4.1.2. of Division A, or a Sentence or Clause in Section 3.11. that is made applicable to public spas by this Section, is deemed to be a reference to a public spa or water circulation system, respectively.
3.12.2. Public Spa and Deck Design and Construction RequirementsCopy link
3.12.2.1. Construction RequirementsCopy link
(1)In addition to the requirements of this Subsection, public spas shall comply with the requirements of Sentences 3.11.3.1.(13) to (18), (20), (21) and (23) and Clause 3.11.3.1.(25)(a).
(2)A public spa shall be constructed to have a water depth of not more than 1 200 mm.
(3)The slope of the bottom of any portion of a public spa shall not exceed 8%.
(4)A public spa shall be surrounded by a hard-surfaced pool deck that
(a)shall have a minimum clear deck space of not less than 1.8 m at the main entrance point,
(b)shall have a clear deck space of 900 mm on all sides, except as required by Clause (a) and permitted by Sentence (5),
(c)shall be sloped away from the pool to waste drains or to adjacent lower ground at a slope of between 2% and 4%, in the case of an outdoor public spa, and
(d)shall be impervious and sloped away from the pool to waste drains at a slope of between 1% and 4%, in the case of an indoor public spa.
(5)One section of the hard-surfaced pool deck that does not exceed 25% of the perimeter of the public spa may have a minimum clear deck space of not more than 300 mm if
(a)the public spa has an area less than 6 m², and
(b)the public spa has no interior dimension more than 2.5 m.
(6)The maximum depth of water to a seat or bench in public spa shall be 600 mm.
(7)If a set of steps is provided for entry into and egress from the public spa water, the steps
(a)shall be equipped with a handrail,
(b)shall have a non-slip surface, and
(c)shall have a band of contrasting colour along the entire juncture of the side and top of the edges.
(8)Every public spa shall be provided with dressing rooms, water closets and shower facilities that are conveniently available on the premises.
(9)Except where no space is provided between ladder treads and the spa wall, the space between the spa wall and submerged portions of any treads of a ladder for entry into and egress from the water shall be not more than 150 mm and not less than 75 mm.
3.12.3. Ramps and Access into Public SpasCopy link
3.12.3.1. Ramps into Public SpasCopy link
(1)Not more than 50% of the total perimeter of a public spa may be replaced by one or more ramps that permit a bather seated in a wheelchair to enter the water with or without the wheelchair.
(2)If a public spa has one or more ramps described in Sentence (1), the public spa shall comply with Article 3.11.5.1. and Sentences 3.11.5.2.(3) and (4).
3.12.3.2. Access into Public SpasCopy link
(1)Where more than one public spa is provided within a suite located on a storey that is required by Article 3.8.2.1. to have a barrier-free path of travel, a barrier-free access described in Sentence (2) shall be provided to at least one public spa.
(2)Barrier-free access for entry into and egress from a public spa shall be provided by
(a)a ramp conforming to Article 3.12.3.1.,
(b)a pool lift conforming to the manufacturer’s specifications and installation instructions and conforming to Sentences 3.11.3.3.(2) to (6), or
(c)a transfer wall conforming to Sentences (3) to (5).
(3)A transfer wall providing barrier-free access for entry into and egress from a public spa shall
(a)have a height not less than 405 mm and not more than 485 mm measured from the pool deck,
(b)have a depth of at least 300 mm and not more than 400 mm,
(c)be slip-resistant and have edges that are rounded, and
(d)have at least one grab bar that
(i)is perpendicular to the pool and extends the full depth of the transfer wall,
(ii)is located not less than 100 mm and not more than 150 mm above the transfer wall,
(iii)has a clearance of at least 610 mm on both sides,
(iv)complies with Clauses 3.8.3.8.(7)(a) and (b), and
(v)is made of a slip-resistant material. (See Note A-3.13.4.3.(3) and (4))
(4)The deck area required to make a lateral transfer to the transfer wall shall
(a)be outside and adjacent to the barrier-free path of travel described in Sentence (1),
(b)have no obstructions at the side of the transfer wall serving the transfer space,
(c)have a clear space of 900 mm by 2 200 mm, and
(d)have a slope less than 2% provided at the base of the transfer wall surface. (See Note A-3.13.4.3.(3) and (4))
(5)The deck area described in Clause (4)(c) shall be centred on
(a)the grab bar where one grab bar is provided, or
(b)the clear space between the grab bars where more than one grab bar is provided.
3.12.4. Water Circulation for Public SpasCopy link
3.12.4.1. Water Circulation SystemsCopy link
(1)In addition to the requirements of this Subsection, the water circulation system of a public spa shall comply with the requirements of Sentences 3.11.8.1.(2), (3), (6), (7), (9), (10), (11), (13) and (20).
(2)A public spa shall be equipped with a water circulation system that is capable of filtering, disinfecting and passing the public spa water through the public spa with a turnover period of not more than
(a)30 minutes for a public spa with a volume of water that exceeds 6 m³,
(b)20 minutes for a public spa with a volume of water that exceeds 4 m³ but does not exceed 6 m³, or
(c)15 minutes for a public spa with a volume of water that does not exceed 4 m³.
(3)If cartridge-type filters are used for a public spa, the filters shall be a surface-type that is designed for a maximum flow rate of 0.27 L/s/m² effective filter area.
(4)Except as provided in Sentence (6), every circulation system in a public spa shall be served by a minimum of two suction or gravity outlets
(a)that are interconnected to a full-size manifold, and
(b)except as provided in Sentence (5), that are separated by a clear distance of not less than 900 mm.
(5)If compliance with Clause (4)(b) is impracticable because of dimensional restrictions at the bottom of the public spa, the outlets may be located on two different planes of the public spa if
(a)at least one of the outlets through which the public spa can be emptied to a full-size manifold is located on the bottom of the public spa, and
(b)the bottom of all outlets, other than skimmers, are not more than 75 mm from the floor of the public spa.
(6)A circulation system in a factory-built public spa may be served by a built-in suction or gravity outlet with multiple openings that are connected to a full-size manifold.
(7)All fittings at or below the water surface that allow water or air or both to be passed to or from the public spa shall be securely held in place by corrosion resistant fastening that requires a tool for removal and is galvanically compatible with the fittings and grilles or covers.
(8)Except as provided in Sentence (9), all suction or gravity fittings installed at or below the water line of a public spa shall
(a)have a maximum opening of 7 mm in one direction, and
(b)be designed so that the flow of water through the openings does not exceed 0.45 m/s.
(9)Sentence (8) does not apply to suction and gravity outlets that are equipped with anti-entrapment covers that comply with the requirements of ASME A112.19.8, “Suction Fittings for Use in Swimming Pools, Wading Pools, Spas, and Hot Tubs.”
(10)The calculation of water velocities for the purposes of Clause (8)(b) and Sentences (11) and (12) and the calculation of water flow rates for the purposes of Sentence (9) shall be based on the assumption that all possible sources of suction flow are present at the same time.
(11)The water velocity in a suction pipe shall not exceed 1.8 m/s.
(12)The water velocity in a pressure pipe shall not exceed
(a)3.0 m/s for plastic piping, and
(b)1.8 m/s for copper piping.
(13)Every suction system that serves a public spa shall be equipped with a vacuum relief mechanism that shall include
(a)a vacuum release system,
(b)a vacuum limit system, or
(c)other engineered systems that are designed, constructed and installed to conform to good engineering practice appropriate to the circumstances.
(14)Equipment shall be installed to continuously disinfect the water in a public spa by means of a chlorination, hypochlorination or bromination system that is capable of regulating the dosage of chlorine or bromine.
(15)If a two-speed pump is utilized for a public spa, the filter and heater shall be sized to accommodate the maximum pump output, without exceeding the manufacturer’s design flow rate of the filter element or heater and without by-passing the filter element.
(16)A public spa equipped with hydro-massage jet fittings shall be provided with a timing device
(a)that controls the period of operation of the jet pump, and
(b)that is placed in a location where the user must exit the public spa to reset the timer.
(17)A public spa water heater shall be equipped with an upper limit cut-off device,
(a)that is independent of the normal public spa water temperature thermostat, and
(b)that limits the maximum water temperature of the public spa to 40°C.
(18)A public spa shall be equipped with a water circulation system that is capable of both completely and partially draining and refilling the public spa water.
3.12.5. Emergency Provisions for All Public SpasCopy link
3.12.5.1. Lighting and Emergency ProvisionsCopy link
(1)In addition to the requirements of this Subsection, public spas shall comply with the requirements of Sentences 3.11.10.1.(1) to (6).
(2)An emergency telephone directly connected to an emergency service or to the local telephone utility shall be installed within 30 m of the public spa.
(3)All pumps used in a public spa shall be capable of being deactivated by an emergency stop button that is
(a)clearly labelled, and
(b)located at a point that is
(i)readily accessible to and within sight of persons using the public spa, and
(ii)within 15 m of the public spa.
(4)The emergency stop button required in Sentence (3) shall
(a)be a switch separate from the public spa’ s timing device,
(b)activate an audible and a visual signal when used, and
(c)have an emergency sign conforming to Sentence 3.11.10.1.(14).
(5)If a public spa and public pool are located in the same room or space, the emergency stop buttons required in Sentences (3) and 3.11.10.1.(12) shall deactivate all pumps serving the public spa and public pool.
3.12.6. Service Rooms and Storage for All Public SpasCopy link
3.12.6.1. Service Rooms and Storage FacilitiesCopy link
(1)Service rooms and storage facilities for all public spas shall comply with the requirements of Article 3.11.11.1.
Section 3.13 Rapid Transit StationsCopy link
3.13.1. Scope and DefinitionsCopy link
3.13.1.1. ScopeCopy link
(1)Except as provided in this Section the requirements in this Division apply to rapid transit stations.
3.13.1.2. DefinitionsCopy link
(1)In this Section:
Ancillary space: the rooms or spaces in the station used only by the transit agency to house or contain operating, maintenance or support equipment and functions, but does not include booths and kiosks used by the transit agency or service rooms.
Central supervising station: the operations centre where the transit agency controls and co-ordinates the system- wide movement of passengers and vehicles and from which communication is maintained with supervisory and operating personnel of the transit agency and with participating agencies when required.
Crush load: the total of the seating capacity and the standing capacity of a car where
- (a) the seating capacity is the number of seats in a car, and
- (b) the standing capacity is 0.2 m² per person for the standing area which is measured 300 mm in front of the seats.
Egress capacity: the number of people able to travel from or through a type of egress facility in a specified period of time.
Entraining load: the number of passengers boarding the train at a station.
Fare-paid area: that portion of a rapid transit station to which access is gained by a pass or by paying a fare.
Fare-paid area control: the point where passengers enter or leave the fare-paid area.
Link load: the number of passengers on board the train(s) travelling between two stations.
Maximum calculated train load: the crush load per car multiplied by the maximum number of cars per train in the peak period.
Peak direction: for each route, the direction of train travel having the largest passenger flow volume based on the sum of the incoming link load plus the entraining load per peak hour.
Protected route: that portion of a means of egress that starts at the point where passengers would not be vulnerable to exposure from a train fire and that leads to the exterior of the station or through an exit to an adjacent building.
Public area: the public circulation areas in a rapid transit station providing pedestrian access to and from trains.
Rapid transit station: a building or part thereof used for the purpose of loading and unloading passengers of a rapid transit system but does not include open air shelters at street level.
Rapid transit system: an electrified transportation system, utilizing guidance methods involving positive mechanical contact with the fixed way operating on a right-of-way for the mass movement of passengers.
3.13.2. Construction RequirementsCopy link
3.13.2.1. Requirements for StationsCopy link
(1)Except as provided in this Subsection, the requirements in Subsections 3.2.1. and 3.2.2. do not apply to a rapid transit station.
(2)The requirements in Sentence (3) shall apply to
(a)a rapid transit station erected entirely below the adjoining finished ground level, and
(b)the underground portion of a rapid transit station.
(3)Except as permitted in Sentence (4), an underground station or an underground portion of a station in Sentence (2) shall be of noncombustible construction, and
(a)floor assemblies shall be fire separations having a fire-resistance rating not less than 2 h,
(b)roof assemblies below ground level, shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than 2 h, but a fire-resistance rating is not required where steel tunnel liners are left in place to form part of the assembly and the tunnel liners are in direct contact with soil, and
(c)all loadbearing walls, columns and arches shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than that required for the supported assembly.
(4)An interior stair extending to street level is permitted to be protected by a combustible roof.
(5)Where a rapid transit station is erected above and below the adjoining finished ground level, the above ground portion of the station shall be of noncombustible construction and
(a)floor assemblies shall be fire separations with a fire-resistance rating not less than 2 h.
(b)mezzanines shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h,
(c)roof assemblies shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h, and
(d)all loadbearing walls, columns and arches shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than that required for the supported assembly.
(6)Except as permitted by Sentence (7), where a rapid transit station is erected entirely above the adjoining finished ground level and is a stand-alone building, the station shall be of noncombustible construction and
(a)floor assemblies shall be fire separations with a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h,
(b)mezzanines shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h,
(c)roof assemblies shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h, and
(d)all loadbearing walls, columns and arches shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than that required for the supported assembly.
(7)A building classified as Group A, Division 2 occupancy that is not more than 1 storey in building height, and that has a building area not more than 3 200 m² if not sprinklered throughout or not more than 6 400 m² if sprinklered throughout, is permitted to be constructed with a roof and columns of heavy timber construction.
(8)An interconnected floor space is permitted in a public area of a rapid transit station.
(9)Stairs, escalators and elevators used by passengers are permitted to be included in the interconnected floor space in a rapid transit station.
(10)Passenger elevators within or adjacent to an interconnected floor space need not be enclosed in a hoistway separated from the remainder of the interconnected floor space provided the elevator machinery is located in a room separated from the remainder of the building by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than
(a)1.5 h, where the floor of the machine room is below grade, or
(b)45 min, where the floor of the machine room is located above grade.
(11)Elevator shafts that are not within or adjacent to an interconnected floor space are permitted to penetrate the fire separations required in Sentences (2) to (6) provided they are enclosed by
(a)a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h, or
(b)wired glass assemblies conforming to MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-2, “Fire Performance Ratings”.
3.13.3. Safety Requirements Within StationsCopy link
3.13.3.1. ApplicationCopy link
(1)Except as provided in this Subsection and Subsection 3.13.4., the requirements in Subsections 3.3.1. and 3.6.2. apply to a rapid transit station.
(2)A door in a fire separation is permitted to be equipped with pivot hinges in conformance with NFPA 80, “Standard for Fire Doors and Other Opening Protectives.”
(3)The requirements in Subsection 3.4.4. for fire separation of exits do not apply in a rapid transit station.
(4)Except as provided in Sentence (5), the requirements in Sentence 3.4.6.16.(1) for doors to be readily opened from the inside apply to required exit doors in a rapid transit station.
(5)Where a group of two or more doors serves as a single exit facility, only one door in the group is required to comply with Sentence 3.4.6.16.(1).
(6)A door that is required to be readily opened in Sentence (4) or (5) shall have a sign attached to it that
(a)displays the words EMERGENCY EXIT with the letters not less than 25 mm high, and
(b)is visible from the exit approach.
3.13.3.2. Booths and KiosksCopy link
(1)Booths and kiosks that are not more than 20 m² in area and are used only by the transit agency for fare collection, dissemination of information or similar non- mercantile occupancies shall be of noncombustible construction and are not required to be separated from the remainder of the floor area by a fire separation.
(2)Booths and kiosks that are more than 20 m² in area and are used only by the transit agency for fare collection, dissemination of information or similar non- mercantile occupancies shall be
(a)sprinklered, and
(b)separated from the remainder of the floor area by a fire separation of noncombustible construction that is not required to have a fire-resistance rating.
(3)A door acting as a closure in the fire separation in Sentence (2) is not required to be equipped with a self-closing device.
3.13.3.3. Service Rooms and Ancillary SpacesCopy link
(1)An ancillary space in a rapid transit station shall be separated from the remainder of the floor area by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h.
(2)Except as provided in Sentence (3), a door opening from a service room onto a means of egress in a rapid transit station shall be located not less than 5 m from an escalator balustrade and from the top and bottom riser of a flight used as a means of egress from the rapid transit station.
(3)The requirements in Sentence (2) do not apply where
(a)the service room is sprinklered, or
(b)there is a vestibule between the service room and the means of egress.
(4)Where a door from a service room opens onto a means of egress less than 5 m wide
(a)the service room shall be sprinklered, or
(b)there shall be a vestibule between the service room and the means of egress.
3.13.3.4. Leased AreasCopy link
(1)All leased areas within a rapid transit station shall be
(a)sprinklered, and
(b)separated from the remainder of the floor area by a fire separation of noncombustible construction that is not required to have a fire-resistance rating.
(2)A door acting as a closure in the fire separation in Clause (1)(b) is not required to be equipped with a self-closing device.
(3)Where leased areas are located on opposite sides of a means of egress, the width of the means of egress shall not be reduced to less than 5 m.
(4)Except as provided in Sentence (5), where the leased area on any floor level exceeds 15% of the public area on that level, the public area shall be sprinklered.
(5)In a rapid transit station that is erected entirely above the adjoining finished ground level and is a stand-alone building, where the leased area on any floor level exceeds 20% of the public area on that level, the public area shall be sprinklered.
(6)In determining the leased area in Sentences (4) and (5), it is not necessary to include a leased area that is separated from the public area by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than
(a)2 h where the leased area contains a mercantile or medium-hazard industrial occupancy, or
(b)1 h where the leased area contains any other occupancy.
(7)A leased area is permitted on a platform level provided it is
(a)located not less than 5 m from the platform edge,
(b)located not less than 5 m from an egress facility, and
(c)not located in a dead-end portion of the platform.
3.13.3.5. Vehicle TerminalCopy link
(1)Where an enclosed terminal serves vehicles powered by combustible fuels, and the terminal has direct access to a rapid transit station
(a)the terminal shall be sprinklered, and
(b)the terminal shall be separated from the rapid transit station
(i)by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h, or
(ii)by wired glass assemblies conforming to MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-2, “Fire Performance Ratings,” with wired glass doors equipped with self-closing devices.
(2)Doors in the fire separation or in the wired glass assembly in Clause (1)(b) are not required to have latches where close spaced sprinkler protection is provided on the station side.
3.13.3.6. Access to Adjacent BuildingCopy link
(1)Where an access is provided between a rapid transit station and an adjacent building, the station and the building shall be separated by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than 2 h.
(2)(a) are not required to be equipped with latches, and (b) shall swing in the direction of travel from the rapid transit station.
(a)by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h, or
(b)by wired glass assemblies conforming to MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-2, “Fire Performance Ratings,” with wired glass doors equipped with self-closing devices.
(3)The vestibule doors in Sentence
(4)Close spaced sprinkler protection shall be provided on each side of all vestibule doors.
(5)The vestibule
(a)shall not contain an occupancy, and
(b)shall be protected against the passage of smoke in accordance with Measure N of MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-4, “Measures for Fire Safety in High Buildings.”
(6)Where an access is provided between a rapid transit station and an adjacent building that is regulated by the provisions of Subsection 3.2.6. or 3.2.8., the requirements of this Article do not apply to the rapid transit station, except for the following:
(a)the access shall be through a vestibule that is separated from the station and from the building, and
(b)the vestibule shall comply with Sentence (5).
3.13.3.7. Emergency LightingCopy link
(1)Emergency lighting shall be provided to average levels not less than 10 lx at floor or tread level in public areas in a rapid transit station.
(2)An emergency power supply conforming to Subsection 3.2.7. shall be provided to maintain the emergency lighting required in Sentence (1) for a period of 30 min after a power failure.
3.13.3.8. Guards for Rapid Transit StationsCopy link
(1)Guards are not required at the guideway side of a platform in a rapid transit station.
3.13.4. Means of EgressCopy link
3.13.4.1. Occupant LoadCopy link
(1)The occupant load for public areas within a rapid transit station shall be
(a)determined in conformance with this Subsection, and
(b)based on peak hour patronage as projected for design of the transit system.
(2)The platform occupant load for each platform in a rapid transit station shall be the greater of the a.m. or p.m. peak period loads calculated in accordance with Sentences (3) to (5).
(3)The a.m. and the p.m. peak period occupant loads for each platform shall be based on the simultaneous evacuation of the entraining load and the link load for that platform.
(4)The entraining load for each platform shall be the sum of the entraining loads for each track serving that platform and the entraining load for each track shall be based on the entraining load per train headway multiplied by
(a)a factor of 1.3 to account for surges, and
(b)in the peak direction for each route, an additional factor of 2 to account for a missed headway.
(5)The link load for each platform shall be the sum of the link loads for each track serving that platform and, except as provided in Sentence (6), the link load for each track shall be based on the link load per train headway multiplied by
(a)a factor of 1.3 to account for surges, and
(b)in the peak direction for each route, an additional factor of 2 to account for a missed headway.
(6)The maximum link load at each track shall be the maximum calculated train load.
3.13.4.2. General RequirementsCopy link
(1)Except as provided in Sentence (2), escalators conforming to the requirements of Sentences 3.13.4.5.(3) and 3.13.4.6.(1) shall be acceptable as part of a required means of egress in a rapid transit station.
(2)Escalators forming part of a required means of egress shall not comprise more than one-half of the required egress capacity from any one level.
(3)Horizontal exits conforming to Sentence (4) may provide all of the required egress capacity from a rapid transit station.
(4)Horizontal exits to any one building shall not comprise more than one-half of the required egress capacity from any area within a rapid transit station.
(5)A protected route shall be provided with emergency ventilation conforming to Subsection 3.13.7.
(6)In an aboveground unenclosed station, the protected route is permitted to begin at the point of leaving the platform.
(7)In an enclosed or underground station, the protection for the protected route shall consist of
(a)a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h,
(b)construction having a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h, or
(c)wired glass assemblies conforming to MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-2, “Fire Performance Ratings.”
3.13.4.3. Number and Location of Means of EgressCopy link
(1)Each platform in a rapid transit station shall be served by no fewer than two means of egress that are independent of and remote from each other from the platform to the exterior of the station.
(2)Where a continuous level walking surface is provided between two adjacent platforms, they may be considered as one platform for the purpose of conforming to this Subsection.
(3)At the platform level, the distance separating the egress facilities in Sentences (1) and (2) shall be the greater of one car length or 25 m.
(4)Except as required in Sentence (1), two or more means of egress are permitted to converge in conformance with Sentence 3.13.4.4.(6).
(5)Means of egress from platforms shall be located so that the travel time from the most remote point on a platform to a protected route does not exceed 4 min based on travel speeds of
(a)38 m/min for horizontal travel, and
(b)21 m/min for vertical rise.
3.13.4.4. Egress CapacityCopy link
(1)For a rapid transit station, the required aggregate egress capacity from each platform shall be determined by dividing the platform occupant load determined in accordance with Sentences 3.13.4.1.(2) to (6) by the required platform clearance time determined in accordance with Sentence (3).
(2)Where two platforms are considered as one platform as provided in Sentence 3.13.4.3.(2), the required egress capacity for each platform shall be determined separately.
(3)The required platform clearance time shall be 4 min less the travel time between the platform and the entry into the protected route based on travel speeds of
(a)38 m/min for horizontal travel, and
(b)21 m/min or vertical rise.
(4)For each means of egress, the required egress capacity at the platform shall be maintained for the entire length of the means of egress.
(5)Except as provided in Sentence (6), where two or more means of egress converge, the required egress capacity beyond that point shall be cumulative.
(6)The egress capacity in Sentence (5) need not be cumulative after converging where it can be shown that the platform clearance time in Sentence (3) is not exceeded.
3.13.4.5. Width of Means of EgressCopy link
(1)Except as otherwise required in this Subsection, the required width of means of egress serving platforms in a rapid transit station shall be determined based on
(a)the required egress capacity determined in conformance with Article 3.13.4.4., and
(b)the pedestrian flow rate for the type of means of egress facility listed in Table 3.13.4.5.
(2)In calculating the required width of corridors and ramps with a grade of less than 4%, 300 mm at each sidewall shall be added to the width determined based on required egress capacity.
(3)In calculating the required width of egress routes, one escalator at each level in a rapid transit station is deemed to be out of service and not available for egress purposes.
(4)Except as provided in Sentence (5), the minimum width of means of egress facilities serving platforms shall be
(a)1 750 mm for corridors and ramps,
(b)1 750 mm for stairs,
(c)600 mm nominal width for escalators, and
(d)900 mm for a door leaf.
(5)A second means of egress as required by Sentence 3.13.4.3.(1) is permitted to be not less than 1 100 mm wide.
(6)The minimum width of platforms shall be
(a)3.2 m for side platforms, and
(b)6.4 m for island platforms.
(7)The minimum unobstructed width of platforms measured from the platform edge shall be 2.5 m.
(8)The minimum clear width for fare collection equipment providing means of egress from public areas in rapid transit stations shall be
(a)420 mm for turnstiles,
(b)455 mm for fare collection gates with a height of 1 000 mm or less, and
(c)530 mm for fare collection gates with a height of more than 1 000 mm.
3.13.4.6. Egress FacilitiesCopy link
(1)Escalators forming part of a required means of egress shall
(a)where equipped to run reverse to the direction of egress travel, be capable of being stopped remotely and locally, and
(b)have a vertical rise not more than 12 m between floors or landings.
(2)Where electrically operated gates or turnstiles used for fare collection are intended to be used as part of a required means of egress from a rapid transit station, provision shall be made to release the gates or turnstiles in accordance with Sentence (4) to allow them to operate freely in the direction of egress travel.
(3)Where locked doors that prevent entry into a fare-paid area are to be used as part of a required means of egress from a rapid transit station, provision shall be made to release the doors in accordance with Sentence (4) to allow them to operate freely in the direction of egress travel.
(4)The release device required in Sentences (2) and (3) shall be installed as an ancillary device to the fire alarm system and shall release immediately
(a)upon activation of the fire alarm signal,
(b)in the event of a power failure or ground fault, or
(c)upon actuation of a manually operated switch accessible to authorized personnel and located in
(i)a fare collector’s booth or kiosk at the station, or
(ii)the central supervising station.
(5)After release, the gates or turnstiles in Sentence (2) or the doors in Sentence (3) shall be capable of reactivation only by manual actuation of the switch in Clause (4)(c).
3.13.5. Fire Safety ProvisionsCopy link
3.13.5.1. Fire Alarm SystemCopy link
(1)Except as provided in this Subsection, a fire alarm system conforming to Subsection 3.2.4. shall be installed in a rapid transit station.
3.13.5.2. ExceptionsCopy link
(1)Manual stations need not be installed in a rapid transit station.
(2)Audible signal appliances need not be installed in a rapid transit station.
3.13.5.3. Fire DetectorsCopy link
(1)Except where the area is sprinklered, fire detectors shall be installed in every service room, ancillary space, leased space, booth and kiosk.
3.13.5.4. Central Supervising StationCopy link
(1)Each rapid transit station shall be monitored by a central supervising station conforming to CAN/ULC-S561, “Standard for Installation and Services for Fire Signal Receiving Centres and Systems.”
3.13.5.5. AnnunciatorsCopy link
(1)An annunciator shall be installed
(a)in a location that is readily accessible to firefighters entering the building, and
(b)in the rapid transit station
(i)in a designated collector’s booth, or
(ii)within viewing distance of a designated collector’s booth.
3.13.5.6. Annunciator IndicationCopy link
(1)All fire alarm, fire detectors, valve switches and water flow indicator signals when activated in a rapid transit station shall be indicated on the annunciator at the station.
(2)The annunciator at a rapid transit station shall be monitored simultaneously at the central supervising station.
(3)Where a means of egress from a rapid transit station leads through an adjoining building, any alarm signal originating in the building within 2 storeys above a connection to the station shall
(a)be indicated on the rapid transit station annunciator, and
(b)cause a message to flash a warning on a sign located in conformance with Sentence (4), that the means of egress shall not be used as an exit from the station.
(4)A sign required in Clause (3)(b) shall be located
(a)at the doors from the rapid transit station to the adjoining building, and
(b)in the means of egress to the adjoining building, at the last point where there is a choice of direction to travel to at least one other exit.
3.13.5.7. Emergency PowerCopy link
(1)An emergency power supply conforming to Article 3.2.7.8. shall be provided for the fire alarm system.
3.13.5.8. Communication SystemsCopy link
(1)In a rapid transit station, a public address system shall be installed and shall include loudspeakers that
(a)can be operated from the central supervising station,
(b)can be operated from the rapid transit station in which they are located, and
(c)designed and located so that voice messages can be heard intelligibly throughout the public area in a rapid transit station.
(2)A two-way communication system shall be installed in each rapid transit station with telephones located at
(a)the collector’s booth, and
(b)at each end of each platform.
(3)The telephones in Sentence (2) shall be provided with connections to the central supervising station.
3.13.5.9. Emergency Reporting DevicesCopy link
(1)Emergency reporting devices shall be located on passenger platforms and throughout a rapid transit station such that the distance of travel from any point in the public area to such a device is not more than 90 m.
(2)The emergency reporting devices required in Sentence (1) are permitted to be public telephones with an emergency no charge capability and their location shall be plainly indicated by appropriate signs.
3.13.5.10. Sprinkler SystemsCopy link
(1)Sprinkler systems shall conform with the requirements of Articles 3.2.5.12 to 3.2.5.15.
(2)There shall be identification on a fire department connection for a sprinkler system in a rapid transit station to indicate that the connection is part of the station system.
3.13.5.11. Standpipe and Hose SystemsCopy link
(1)A standpipe and hose system conforming to the requirements of Articles 3.2.5.8. to 3.2.5.11. be installed in a rapid transit station, except as otherwise required or permitted in this Article.
(2)Where a rapid transit station includes more than one standpipe riser there shall be a cross-connection pipe having a diameter not less than 100 mm between each standpipe riser so that supplying of water through any fire department connection will furnish water throughout each riser.
(3)There shall be identification on a fire department connection for a standpipe system in a rapid transit station to indicate that the connection is part of the station system.
(4)Hose stations shall be located so that every portion of the rapid transit station can be reached by a hose stream and is within 3 m of a hose nozzle when the hose is extended.
(5)In addition to the requirements in Sentence (4), hose stations shall be located in each tunnel not more than 20 m from the end of the platform.
(6)Each hose station shall have a 38 mm hose connection and a 65 mm hose connection.
(7)All supply piping shall have a diameter not less than 100 mm.
3.13.6. Required Sanitary FacilitiesCopy link
3.13.6.1. ApplicationCopy link
(1)Except as provided in this Subsection, Subsection 3.7.4. applies to a rapid transit station.
3.13.6.2. Washrooms RequiredCopy link
(1)Except as provided in Sentences (2) and (3), a washroom for each sex, containing at least one water closet and one lavatory, shall be provided in each rapid transit station for use by employees.
(2)Where the number of employees in a rapid transit station is not more than five, a washroom containing one water closet and one lavatory is permitted to be used by both sexes provided the door to the room can be locked from the inside.
(3)Where a rapid transit station is not staffed during operating hours, a washroom is not required in the station.
(4)In each rapid transit station located at the end of a line, a washroom for each sex, containing no fewer than three water closets and two lavatories, shall be provided for use by the public.
3.13.7. Emergency VentilationCopy link
3.13.7.1. ApplicationCopy link
(1)Every rapid transit station shall be provided with an emergency ventilation system conforming to NFPA 130, “Standard for Fixed Guideway Transit and Passenger Rail Systems.”
3.13.8. Barrier-Free DesignCopy link
3.13.8.1. ApplicationCopy link
(1)Except as provided in this Subsection, the requirements in Section 3.8. apply to rapid transit stations.
(2)A rapid transit station need not be provided with more than one barrier-free entrance described in Article 3.8.1.2.
(3)At least one barrier-free path of travel shall be provided from a barrier-free entrance
(a)into the fare-paid area, and
(b)to each platform.
3.13.8.2. ExceptionCopy link
(1)Where an elevator is used to comply with the requirements of Article 3.3.1.7., the provisions of Clause 3.3.1.7.(1)(a) do not apply where the elevator system complies with Article 3.13.8.3.
3.13.8.3. Elevator RequirementsCopy link
(1)Except as provided in Sentence (2), the elevator described in Article 3.13.8.2. shall be capable of providing transportation from each platform to a barrier-free entrance described in Article 3.8.1.2.
(2)Where it is necessary to change elevators to reach the entrance described in Sentence (1), the elevator system shall be designed so that not more than one change of elevator is required between
(a)a platform and a fare-paid area control, and
(b)the fare-paid area control and the entrance.
3.13.8.4. Emergency Operation of ElevatorsCopy link
(1)Manual emergency recall operation shall be provided for all elevators.
(2)Key-operated switches for emergency recall described in Sentence (1) shall be provided and shall be located on the outside of each elevator shaft at the level of the fare-paid area control.
(3)In-car emergency service switches shall be provided in all elevator cars.
(4)Keys to operate the switches required in Sentences (2) and (3) shall be located at
(a)the annunciator required in Clause 3.13.5.5.(1)(a), and
(b)the collector’s booth designated in Clause 3.13.5.5.(1)(b).
3.13.8.5. Washrooms Required to be Barrier-FreeCopy link
(1)A barrier-free path of travel shall be provided to the washrooms required in Article 3.13.6.2.
(2)Where a washroom required in Sentence 3.13.6.2.(1) contains only one water closet and one lavatory, the washroom shall be designed in conformance with the requirements in Article 3.8.3.12.
(3)Where a washroom required in Sentence 3.13.6.2.(1) contains more than one water closet, the washroom shall be designed in conformance with the requirements in Articles 3.8.3.8. to 3.8.3.11.
(4)The washroom required in Sentence 3.13.6.2.(2) shall be designed in conformance with the requirements in Article 3.8.3.12.
(5)The washrooms required in Sentence 3.13.6.2.(4) shall be designed in conformance with the requirements in Articles 3.8.3.8. to 3.8.3.11.
Section 3.14 Tents and Air-Supported Structures (See Note A-3.14.)Copy link
3.14.1. TentsCopy link
3.14.1.1. ApplicationCopy link
(1)Except as provided in this Subsection, tents are exempt from complying with the requirements of this Division.
3.14.1.2. GeneralCopy link
(1)Except as provided in Sentence (2), the requirements of this Subsection shall apply to all tents.
(2)Articles 3.14.1.3., 3.14.1.7. and 3.14.1.8. do not apply to tents that
(a)do not exceed 225 m² in ground area,
(b)do not exceed 225 m² in aggregate ground area and are closer than 3 m apart,
(c)do not contain bleachers, and
(d)are not enclosed with sidewalls.
3.14.1.3. Means of EgressCopy link
(1)Except as provided in Sentences (2) and (3), tents shall conform to Sections 3.3. and 3.4.
(2)A tent need not conform to Article 3.4.6.12. except where swing type doors are provided.
(3)Where the area between adjacent tents or a tent and the property line is used as a means of egress, the minimum width between stake lines shall be the width necessary for means of egress, but not less than 3 m.
3.14.1.4. Clearance to Other StructuresCopy link
(1)Tents shall not be erected closer than 3 m to the property line.
(2)Except as provided in Sentences (3) to (6), tents shall not be erected closer than 3 m to other tents or structures on the same property.
(3)A walkway between a building and a tent occupied by the public is permitted provided
(a)the tent is not closer than 3 m from the building, and
(b)the walkway conforms to Article 3.2.3.19.
(4)Tents not occupied by the public need not be separated from one another, and are permitted to be erected less than 3 m from other structures on the same property, where such closer spacing does not create a hazard to the public.
(5)Tents located on fair grounds or similar open spaces, need not be separated from one another provided such closer spacing does not create a hazard to the public.
(6)Where a tent is to be constructed in proximity to existing above ground electrical conductors, the tent shall be constructed in accordance with Article 3.1.20.1.
3.14.1.5. Clearances to Flammable MaterialCopy link
(1)The ground enclosed by a tent and for not less than 3 m outside of such structure shall be cleared of all flammable or combustible material or vegetation that will carry fire.
3.14.1.6. Flame ResistanceCopy link
(1)Every tent, and tarpaulins, decorative materials, fabrics and films used in connection with tents, shall be certified to CAN/ULC-S109, “Standard Method for Flame Tests of Flame-Resistant Fabrics and Films,” or NFPA 701, “Standard Methods of Fire Tests for Flame Propagation of Textiles and Films.”
3.14.1.7. BleachersCopy link
(1)Where bleachers are provided in tents, they shall be designed in conformance with Articles 3.3.2.9., 3.3.2.12. and Subsection 4.1.5.
3.14.1.8. Sanitary FacilitiesCopy link
(1)Except as provided in Sentence (3), the minimum number of water closets for tents shall be determined in accordance with Table 3.7.4.3.-E.
(2)Article 3.7.4.16. applies to sanitary facilities in Sentence (1).
(3)Sanitary privies, chemical closets or other means for the disposal of human waste may be provided in lieu of toilet fixtures.
3.14.1.9. Provision for FirefightingCopy link
(1)Access shall be provided to all tents for the purpose of firefighting.
3.14.1.10. Electrical SystemsCopy link
(1)The electrical system and equipment in a tent, including electrical fuses and switches, shall be inaccessible to the public.
(2)Cables on the ground in areas used by the public in a tent shall be placed in trenches or protected by covers to prevent damage from traffic.
3.14.2. Air-Supported StructuresCopy link
3.14.2.1. ApplicationCopy link
(1)Except as provided in this Subsection, the requirements of this Division apply to air-supported structures.
3.14.2.2. GeneralCopy link
(1)Air-supported structures shall not be used for Groups B, C or Group F, Division 1 major occupancies or for classrooms.
(2)Except where no fire separation is required between major occupancies, air-supported structures shall contain not more than one major occupancy.
(3)Except as provided in Sentence (5), air-supported structures are exempt from complying with Articles 3.2.2.20. to 3.2.2.92., except for maximum building size.
(4)Air-supported structures may be designed with interior walls, mezzanines, or similar construction.
(5)Interior construction contained within air-supported structures must meet the construction requirements of Articles 3.2.2.20. to 3.2.2.92.
3.14.2.3. Spatial SeparationCopy link
(1)Except as provided in Sentences (2) to (5), air-supported structures shall not be erected closer than 3 m to other structures on the same property or to the property line.
(2)Air-supported structures not occupied by the public need not be separated from one another, and are permitted to be erected closer than 3 m from other structures on the same property where such closer spacing does not create a hazard to the building occupants or the public.
(3)Except as provided in Sentence (4), an air-supported structure is permitted to be attached to another building provided the building to which it is attached
(a)conforms to the requirements of other Parts of this Division based on the total building areas of the air-supported structure and the attached building,
(b)is sprinklered throughout, and
(c)is separated from the air-supported structure by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating of not less than 1 h.
(4)An air-supported structure is permitted to be attached to another building provided the building to which it is attached
(a)has a building area not more than 200 m²,
(b)conforms to the requirements of other Parts of the Code based on the building area of the attached building, and
(c)is sprinklered or separated from the air-supported structure by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating of not less than 1 h.
(5)Where an air-supported structure is to be constructed in proximity to existing above ground electrical conductors, the air-supported structure shall be constructed in accordance with Article 3.1.20.1.
3.14.2.4. Clearances to Flammable MaterialCopy link
(1)The ground enclosed by an air-supported structure and for not less than 3 m outside of such structure shall be clear of all flammable or combustible material or vegetation that will carry fire.
3.14.2.5. Flame ResistanceCopy link
(1)Air-supported structures shall be constructed of material conforming to CAN/ULC-S109, “Standard Method for Flame Tests of Flame-Resistant Fabrics and Films,” or NFPA 701, “Standard Methods of Fire Tests for Flame Propagation of Textiles and Films.”
(2)Materials for fabrics used in connection with air-supported structures are exempt from compliance with the requirements for flame-spread ratings for interior finishes in Subsection 3.1.13.
3.14.2.6. Emergency Air SupplyCopy link
(1)An air-supported structure designed for an assembly occupancy with an occupant load of more than 200 persons shall have either an automatic emergency engine-generator set capable of powering one blower continuously for 4 h, or a supplementary blower powered by an automatic internal combustion engine.
3.14.2.7. Electrical SystemsCopy link
(1)The electrical system and equipment in an air-supported structure, including electrical fuses and switches, shall be inaccessible to the public.
(2)Cables on the ground in areas used by the public in an air-supported structure shall be placed in trenches or protected by covers to prevent damage from traffic.
Section 3.15 SignsCopy link
3.15.1. ScopeCopy link
3.15.1.1. ApplicationCopy link
(1)Except as provided otherwise in Article 3.15.1.2. this Section shall apply to the erection of all signs.
3.15.1.2. ExceptionsCopy link
(1)The following signs shall not be subject to the provisions of this Section
(a)signs for regulating traffic or similar devices, legal notices or warnings at railroad crossings,
(b)signs in display windows including writing, representation, painting or lettering directly on the surface of any window or door, or other signs not affixed to the building interior,
(c)small signs displayed for the direction of the public including signs that identify rest rooms, freight entrances and such other similar directional signs,
(d)signs painted directly on a building, and
(e)incidental signs or other signs subject to municipal approval.
3.15.2. AlterationsCopy link
3.15.2.1. Exceptions for AlterationsCopy link
(1)The changing of movable parts of signs that are designed for changes, or the repainting of display matter shall not be deemed to be alterations.
3.15.3. Structural RequirementsCopy link
3.15.3.1. Structural DesignCopy link
(1)Except as provided in this Section, all sign structures shall be designed in accordance with Part 4.
3.15.4. Plastic Sign Facing MaterialsCopy link
3.15.4.1. Combustible Sign FacesCopy link
(1)Plastic materials used in the construction of sign faces shall
(a)have an average burning rate not greater than
(i)65 mm/min in sheets 1.5 mm thick when tested in accordance with ASTM D635, “Standard Test Method for Rate of Burning and/or Extent and Time of Burning of Plastics in a Horizontal Position”, or
(ii)140 mm/min when tested in accordance with ASTM D3801, “Standard Test Method for Measuring the Comparative Burning Characteristics of Solid Plastics in a Vertical Position,” and
(b)have a measurement of material thickness in accordance with Method B-Machinists’ Micrometer Without Ratchet of ASTM D374 / D374M, “Standard Test Methods for Thickness of Solid Electrical Insulation.”
(2)Except as provided in Sentence (3), where the exterior cladding of a wall is required to be noncombustible, a plastic sign face or a group of contiguous plastic sign faces may be placed over such cladding provided each such sign face or group of contiguous sign faces
(a)does not exceed 30% of the wall area of the storey on which it is installed,
(b)does not exceed 15 m² in area or 1 200 mm in height at each storey, and
(c)when located above the first storey, is vertically separated from other plastic sign faces by 1 200 mm of noncombustible construction unless separated by a horizontal noncombustible projection such as a canopy, extending the full width of, and projecting at least 900 mm beyond the exterior sign face.
(3)Where a plastic exterior sign is mounted as a face on a metal sign box that is at least 200 mm in depth, the requirements of Sentence (2) need not apply provided the sign box is mounted on a noncombustible exterior wall.
(4)Notwithstanding the requirements of Sentence (5), the plastic portion of an interior sign placed over or forming part of an interior wall surface in corridors, covered or enclosed walkways at or above grade in buildings shall
(a)not exceed 15% of the wall area in, or over which it may be installed,
(b)be supported by a device that will not detrimentally affect the fire-resistance rating of the interior wall to which it is attached or of which it may form a part, and encase the edges of the plastic sign face in metal,
(c)not be positioned or sized in such a manner that it is less than 600 mm from the vertical line separating two adjacent premises,
(d)be placed so that there is at least 600 mm vertical separation of noncombustible material between the top of the plastic sign surface and the ceiling surface,
(e)be permitted to have an increase of 100% in area required in Clause (a) and a decrease of 50% of the separation distances required in Clauses
(f)have a flame-spreading rating not more than 250. (5) Signs in exits and underground walkways shall have a flame-spread rating not more than 25.
3.15.5. Location RestrictionsCopy link
3.15.5.1. Obstructions not PermittedCopy link
(1)A sign shall not be located so as to obstruct openings required for light and ventilation, any required means of egress or required access for firefighting in accordance with Sentence 3.2.5.3.(2).
3.15.5.2. Clearance for Exterior SignsCopy link
(1)An exterior sign shall not be located so as to overhang a sidewalk or other pedestrian walkway unless the vertical distance, measured from the bottom of the overhanging portion of the sign to the surface of the sidewalk, is at least 2 400 mm.
(2)Except as provided in Sentence (3), a sign face shall not be located within 600 mm of the vehicular travelled portion of a private lane or roadway, or of a motor vehicle parking area, unless the minimum vertical distance between grade and the bottom of the overhanging sign face is at least 4.25 m.
(3)Where the height of all vehicles using any private road or parking area is permanently restricted, the vertical distance in Sentence (2) may be reduced to the amount of the actual height restriction, for as long as the said height restriction is in existence on the premises.
(4)A sign shall not be located in proximity to existing above ground electrical conductors, unless the sign meets the clearance requirements of Article 3.1.20.1.
Section 3.16 Shelf and Rack Storage SystemsCopy link
3.16.1. ScopeCopy link
3.16.1.1. ApplicationCopy link
(1)The requirements of this Section apply to a shelf and rack storage system.
(2)The requirements of Subsection 3.2.8. do not apply to a shelf and rack storage system conforming to this Section.
(3)The requirements of Subsection 3.16.2. apply to a shelf and rack storage system for the storage of Class I, II, III and IV commodities as defined in NFPA 13, “Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems.”
(4)The requirements of Subsection 3.16.3. apply to a shelf and rack storage system for the storage of Group A, B and C plastics and rubber tires as defined in NFPA 13, “Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems.”
3.16.1.2. GeneralCopy link
(1)A shelf and rack storage system shall not be designed for production, manufacturing, assembling, disassembling or ancillary administrative functions.
(2)A shelf and rack storage system may be designed for the storage, accessing, retrieval, packing and distribution of commodities.
(3)A high-hazard industrial occupancy shall not contain a shelf and rack storage system.
(4)Except as required by Sentence 3.16.3.2.(3), a shelf and rack storage system shall not exceed 24 m in height.
3.16.1.3. ConstructionCopy link
(1)All structural components of a shelf and rack storage system, including posts, beams, decks, walkways, connections and their supports such as concrete slabs and foundations, shall be designed in accordance with Part 4.
(2)Except as required by Sentence 3.16.3.2.(2), platform and walkway levels shall be of
(a)solid construction consisting of steel plate or steel roof decking with a top substrate that forms a serviceable floor area, or
(b)open construction consisting of steel grating or open steel floor planking.
(3)Guards and toe-boards shall be provided in accordance with Articles 3.3.1.18. and 3.3.5.11.
(4)Every platform or walkway level shall be provided with fire extinguishers installed in conformance with the Fire Code made under the Fire Protection and Prevention Act, 1997.
3.16.1.4. SignsCopy link
(1)A permanent sign shall be posted in a conspicuous location to indicate the maximum permissible design loads for each shelf and rack storage system.
(2)Permanent signs shall be posted in conspicuous locations with
(a)the words NO SMOKING in black lettering not less than 50 mm high with a stroke not less than 12 mm on a yellow background, or
(b)a non-smoking symbol having a size not less than 150 mm by 150 mm.
3.16.1.5. LightingCopy link
(1)Walkways and platforms shall be equipped to provide illumination to an average level not less than 50 lx at floor or tread level and at angles and intersections at changes of level where there are stairs or ramps.
(2)Emergency lighting on walkways, platforms, unenclosed egress stairs and exits providing means of egress shall conform to not less than
(a)the illumination level in Sentences 3.2.7.3.(2) and (3), and
(b)the duration in Sentence 3.2.7.4.(1).
3.16.1.6. Sprinkler SystemCopy link
(1)An automatic sprinkler system conforming to this Article shall be installed in a floor area containing a shelf and rack storage system.
(2)The automatic sprinkler system shall be designed, constructed, installed and tested in conformance with NFPA 13, “Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems” or the appropriate NFPA sprinkler standard for the most severe hazard to which the storage system is exposed.
(3)Sprinkler protection shall be provided under all platforms and walkways.
(4)Except where the platforms or walkways are of open construction, any openings for egress stairs shall be protected by noncombustible draft stops not less than 450 mm below the floors above.
(5)The automatic sprinkler system shall be electrically supervised to indicate a trouble signal on the building fire alarm system annunciator or where the building does not have a fire alarm system, to notify the person controlling the operation of the building for each of the situations listed in Sentence 3.2.4.9.(3).
(6)The automatic sprinkler system shall be designed to notify the fire department that a waterflow switch has been activated.
(7)The notification to the person controlling the building and the fire department referred to in Sentences (5) and (6) shall be provided in accordance with Sentence 3.2.4.7.(4).
(8)A permanent sign shall be posted, at or near the sprinkler control valve, containing
(a)the word NOTICE in contrasting letters,
(b)a description of the commodity class as defined in NFPA 13, “Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems,” and
(c)the sprinkler design criteria used for the shelf and rack storage system.
3.16.1.7. Exits and Means of EgressCopy link
(1)Except as permitted in Sentences (2) and (3), every walkway or platform level shall be provided with no fewer than two exits conforming to Section 3.4.
(2)An access to exit from an elevated platform level may be provided by means of open unenclosed stairs serving
(a)not more than four platform levels, the highest of which shall be not more than 12 m above the main floor, where the shelf and rack storage system is intended for the storage of Class I, II, III and IV commodities, as defined in NFPA 13, “Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems,” and
(b)not more than two platform levels, where the shelf and rack storage system is intended for the storage of Group A, B and C plastics and rubber tires, as defined in NFPA 13, “Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems.”
(3)Any single platform or walkway in a shelf and rack storage system may be served by a single unenclosed stair leading to the platform or walkway level immediately below provided
(a)the platform or walkway does not exceed 200 m² in area,
(b)the travel distance on the platform or walkway to the level below, including the travel distance along the single unenclosed egress stair, does not exceed 25 m, and
(c)the platform or walkway below is provided with two separate egress stairs or exits.
(4)The maximum travel distance on an elevated platform to the ground floor level, including the travel distance along unenclosed stairs, shall not exceed 45 m.
(5)The maximum travel distance on an elevated platform to an exit serving that platform shall not exceed 45 m.
(6)Except as permitted in Sentence (7), the maximum travel distance from the bottom of an unenclosed stair to an exit along a main aisle on the ground floor level shall not exceed 45 m.
(7)Where the travel distance in Sentence (6) exceeds 45 m
(a)an egress system serving the shelf and rack storage system shall be designed on the basis of a time-based egress analysis using the following criteria:
(i)occupant egress speed of 1 m/sec shall be used for horizontal egress routes within the shelf and rack storage system,
(ii)occupant egress speed of 0.6 m/sec shall be used for vertical egress routes within the shelf and rack storage system, measured on the diagonal along the nosing of the stairs,
(iii)occupant egress speed of 1.3 m/sec shall be used for horizontal egress routes along a main aisle on the ground floor level,
(iv)each lift-gate shall be accorded an egress time of 10 seconds,
(v)each at-level conveyor cross-over shall be accorded a time of 5 seconds, and
(vi)a safety factor of 1.5 shall be used in calculating the total egress time,
(b)the total egress time shall be calculated using the following formula: Total Egress Time = (H p
(c)the total egress time from any point in the shelf and rack storage system shall be a maximum of 4 minutes,
(d)a fire alarm and detection system conforming to Subsection 3.2.4. shall be installed in the building,
(e)smoke detectors shall be provided under all solid decking and walkways,
(f)clearly identified and easily accessible pull stations shall be provided at egress stairs, conveyor cross-overs or lift- gates located along egress paths, and
(g)the occupant load on each level of the shelf and rack storage system shall not exceed 10 persons per egress stair. (See Note A-3.16.1.7.(7)) (8) A dead-end aisle shall not exceed 9 m where the platform or walkway is provided with two or more egress facilities. (9) An aisle serving a shelf and rack storage system shall have a clear-aisle width of not less than 760 mm. (10) Conveyors, trolleys, tracks or any other similar mode of product transportation within the aisle or walkway shall not reduce the clear-aisle width required in Sentence (9). (11) Where exits are provided to comply with Sentence 3.4.2.5.(2), main aisles serving the shelf and rack storage system on the ground floor, leading from egress stairs directly to an exit, shall be clearly demarcated and have a minimum unobstructed, clear-aisle width of 2.4 m. (12) Where a lift-gate is incorporated along an egress route,
(13)Where an at-level conveyor cross-over is incorporated along an egress route,
(a)not more than two at-level conveyor cross-overs shall be within a single egress route,
(b)handrails spaced not more than 1 m apart and parallel to the direction of egress shall be provided on both sides of the at-level cross-over,
(c)flat, metal inserts shall be placed between each roller over the required egress width at each at-level conveyor cross- over to provide a walking surface,
(d)at least two inserts not less than 100 mm wide shall be arranged symmetrically between the handrails serving the at- level cross-over,
(e)inserts shall be sized to support loads specified in Part 4,
(f)a clearly identified and easily accessible switch that will stop the conveyor shall be located at each at-level cross- over, and
(g)stairs approaching at-level conveyor cross-overs shall be marked to indicate that they are readily identifiable as part of the egress route.
3.16.2. Storage of Class I, II, III and IV CommoditiesCopy link
3.16.2.1. ApplicationCopy link
(1)The requirements in this Subsection apply to a shelf and rack storage system intended for the storage of Class I, II, III and IV commodities as defined in NFPA 13, “Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems.”
3.16.2.2. ConstructionCopy link
(1)Where the height of a shelf and rack storage system, measured from the floor supporting the system to the topmost portion of the shelf, exceeds 18 m,
(a)a fire alarm and detection system conforming to Subsection 3.2.4. shall be installed with
(i)manual stations located at all exit doors including exit doors serving elevated decks and walkways, and
(ii)smoke detectors located, at the ceiling of all rooms and areas containing the shelf and rack storage system, within exit stair enclosures at the top, and at every third level of elevated deck or walkway, and
(b)the fire alarm and detection system required by Clause (a), shall be designed to notify the fire department upon activation, and
(c)the shelf and rack storage system shall be designed only for the storage of Class I, II and III commodities as defined in NFPA 13, “Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems.”
3.16.3. Storage of Group A, B and C Plastics and Rubber TiresCopy link
3.16.3.1. ApplicationCopy link
(1)The requirements in this Subsection apply to a shelf and rack storage system intended for the storage of Group A, B and C plastics and rubber tires as defined in NFPA 13, “Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems.”
3.16.3.2. ConstructionCopy link
(1)A shelf and rack storage system intended for the storage of rubber tires shall conform to
(a)Article 3.3.6.5., and
(b)the Fire Code made under the Fire Protection and Prevention Act, 1997.
(2)Platform and walkway levels shall not be of open construction.
(3)A shelf and rack storage system shall not exceed 7 m in height.
Section 3.17 Demountable Stages and Demountable Support StructuresCopy link
3.17.1. ScopeCopy link
3.17.1.1. ApplicationCopy link
(1)This Section applies to the design, erection, assembly and installation of a demountable stage where
(a)the aggregate area of all platforms of the demountable stage is more than 60 m² and any part of its platforms is more than 3 m in height above adjacent ground level,
(b)the aggregate area of all platforms of the demountable stage is more than 225 m², or
(c)any part of the platforms or any roof, wall or structure attached to or located on any of the platforms of the demountable stage is 5 m or more in height above adjacent ground level.
(2)This Section applies to the design, erection, assembly and installation of a demountable support structure where the demountable support structure
(a)is more than 3 m in height above adjacent ground level,
(b)is designed to carry a superimposed specified load greater than 115 kg, or
(c)would create a hazard to the public.
(3)Except as provided in this Section, demountable stages and demountable support structures are exempt from complying with the requirements of this Division.
3.17.2. ConstructionCopy link
3.17.2.1. Occupant LoadCopy link
(1)A demountable stage shall be considered a floor area for the purpose of determining the occupant load in accordance with Clause 3.1.17.1.(1)(c).
3.17.2.2. Means of EgressCopy link
(1)A platform of a demountable stage shall be considered a floor area for purposes of this Article.
(2)Except as provided in Sentence (3), access to at least two means of egress shall be provided from every platform of a demountable stage.
(3)A platform of a demountable stage may be served by one means of egress where
(a)the total occupant load of the demountable stage is less than 60 persons, and
(b)the aggregate area of the demountable stage is less than 150 m² or the travel distance from any point on the platform to the exit is less than 30 m.
(4)Except as provided in Sentence (5), where at least two means of egress are required from a platform of a demountable stage, the maximum travel distance to an exit shall be not more than 45 m.
(5)Sentence (4) need not apply where exits are located at not more than 60 m apart, measured along the perimeter of the platform.
(6)The least distance between two required exits on a platform of a demountable stage shall be one-half the maximum diagonal dimension of the platform.
(7)Except as provided in Sentence (8) and unless it can be shown that they do not present a hazard, stairs, ramps and handrails in an exit from a platform of a demountable stage shall conform to the dimensional and slip-resistance requirements in Section 3.4.
(8)The maximum slope of a fixed ramp serving a platform of a demountable stage shall be 1 in 6.
3.17.2.3. GuardsCopy link
(1)Except as provided in Sentences (2) and (3) and unless it can be shown that the platform does not present a hazard, a guard not less than 1 070 mm high shall be provided for a platform of a demountable stage where the difference in elevation between the platform and the adjacent surface is more than 1 500 mm.
(2)Sentence (1) need not apply at the edges of a platform of a demountable stage that face an audience.
(3)The height of guards for stairs shall be,
(a)not less than 920 mm measured vertically to the top of the guard from a line drawn through the outside edges of the stair nosings, and
(b)not less than 1 070 mm around landings.
(4)Guards shall be designed to withstand loads specified in Part 4.
(5)Required guards shall be provided with a top rail and one or more intermediate rails spaced such that openings through the guard are of a size that prevents the passage of a spherical object having a diameter of 535 mm.
3.17.2.4. Clearance to Other StructuresCopy link
(1)Except as provided in Sentence (2), a demountable stage shall not be erected, assembled or installed closer than 3 m to,
(a)another demountable stage, or
(b)another structure, other than a demountable support structure.
(2)Sentence (1) need not apply to demountable stages that are located on fair grounds or similar open spaces provided it can be shown that such closer spacing does not create a hazard to the public.
3.17.2.5. Flame ResistanceCopy link
(1)Tarpaulins, decorative materials, fabrics and films attached to demountable stages or demountable support structures shall conform to CAN/ULC-S109, “Standard Method for Flame Tests of Flame-Resistant Fabrics and Films” or NFPA 701, “Standard Method for Fire Tests for Flame Propagation of Textiles and Films.”
3.17.2.6. Provision for FirefightingCopy link
(1)Access shall be provided to demountable stages for the purpose of firefighting.
3.17.2.7. Electrical SystemsCopy link
(1)The electrical system and equipment associated with a demountable stage or a demountable support structure, including electrical fuses and switches, shall be inaccessible to the public.
(2)Cables on the ground in areas used by the public and adjacent to a demountable stage or demountable support structure shall be placed in trenches or protected by covers to prevent damage from traffic.
(3)Where a demountable stage or demountable support structure is to be erected, assembled or installed in proximity to existing above ground electrical conductors, the demountable stage or demountable support structure shall be erected, assembled or installed in accordance with Article 3.1.20.1.
3.17.2.8. Structural ProvisionsCopy link
(1)Except as provided in Sentences (2) and (4), demountable stages and demountable support structures and their structural members shall be designed, erected, assembled and installed
(a)in conformance with Part 4, or
(b)to conform to good engineering practice appropriate to the circumstances such as that described in ANSI E1.21, “Entertainment Technology - Temporary Structures Used for Technical Production of Outdoor Entertainment Events.”
(2)The reference velocity pressure shall be the appropriate value determined in conformance with Subsection 1.1.2. based on a probability of being exceeded in any one year of 1-in-10 with a 2.5 gust factor.
(3)For purposes of Clause (1)(a), demountable stages and demountable support structures shall be assigned a Normal Importance Category as described in Table 4.1.2.1.
(4)Footings shall be designed in accordance with Clause 9.4.4.1.(1)(b).
3.17.2.9. Barrier-Free DesignCopy link
(1)If a demountable stage is intended for limited public occupancy, a barrier-free path of travel conforming to Articles 3.8.1.3. and 3.8.3.4. shall be provided to and throughout at least one platform of the demountable stage.
Section 3.18 Additional Requirements for Existing BuildingsCopy link
3.18.1. ScopeCopy link
3.18.1.1. ApplicationCopy link
(1)This Section applies where proposed construction
(a)in respect of an existing building will result in any of the following changes of use of all or part of the building:
(i)a change of the major occupancy of all or part of a building that is designated with a “Y” in Table 1.3.1.4. of Division C,
(ii)a suite of a Group C major occupancy is converted into more than one suite of a Group C major occupancy,
(iii)a suite or part of a suite of a Group A, Division 2 or a Group A, Division 4 major occupancy is converted to a gaming premises,
(iv)a farm building or part of a farm building is changed to a major occupancy,
(v)a building or part of a building is changed to a post-disaster building,
(vi)a building or part of a building is changed to a retirement home, or
(vii)the use of a building or part of a building is changed and the previous major occupancy of the building or part of the building cannot be determined, or
(b)in respect of an existing building of combustible construction will extend the building by adding a storey or storeys such that the extended building will be more than four storeys in building height.
(2)For the purposes of this Section and Sentences 11.4.2.1.(1) and 11.4.2.5.(4), the changes of use set out in Subclauses (1)(a)(ii) to (iv) and (vi) shall also be deemed to constitute a change in major occupancy.
(3)The requirements of this Section are in addition to the requirements of other Parts of this Division as they apply to the proposed construction.
3.18.2. Additional ConstructionCopy link
3.18.2.1. Change of Use and Compensating ConstructionCopy link
(1)Where proposed construction will result in a change of use described in Subclauses 3.18.1.1.(1)(a)(i) to (iv) and (vi), additional construction shall be required in order that the building or part of a building subject to the change of use conforms to the requirements of Subsection 3.2.6. and Sections 3.7., 3.11. and 3.12. as they apply to the new major occupancy that the building or part of a building is to support.
(2)For the purposes of this Article, existing buildings shall be classified as to their construction and occupancy as provided for in Sentence 11.2.1.1.(1).
3.18.2.2. Performance Level and Compensating ConstructionCopy link
(1)The performance level of a building after construction shall not be less than the performance level of the building prior to construction.
(2)For the purposes of Sentence (1), reduction of performance level shall be determined in accordance with Articles 11.4.2.1., 11.4.2.3., 11.4.2.5. and 11.4.2.6.
(3)Where proposed construction would reduce the performance level of an existing building, compensating construction shall be required in conformance with Articles 11.4.3.1., 11.4.3.2., 11.4.3.4., 11.4.3.6. and 11.4.3.7.
(4)Section 11.5. applies in respect of the requirements of Sentences 11.4.3.4.(1), (3) and (4).