Part 2 - Farm Buildings (See Note A-2)

Section 2.1 General

2.1.1. Scope

2.1.1.1. Scope

(1)This Part is concerned with the fire, structural, heating, ventilating and air-conditioning performance of farm buildings, as well as processes and operations carried out therein that involve a risk of explosion, high flammability or related conditions that create a hazard to life safety. (See Note A-2.1.1.1.(1))

2.1.2. Application

2.1.2.1. Application

(1)Except as provided in Sentences (2) and (3), this Part applies to all farm buildings

(a)that are

(i)more than 600 m² in building area or more than 3 storeys in building height used for major occupancies classified as Group G, Division 1, 2 or 3 agricultural occupancies, or

(ii)used for major occupancies classified as Group G, Division 4, agricultural occupancies with no human occupants, and

(b)described in Sentence 2.1.2.2.(1).

(2)Subsections 2.2.6. and 2.2.7. do not apply to Group G, Division 4 major occupancies.

(3)Farm buildings not described in Sentence (1) shall conform to the requirements of Article 2.1.2.3.

2.1.2.2. Classification of Buildings Containing Agricultural Occupancies (See Note A-3.1.2.)

(1)Buildings or parts of buildings containing an agricultural occupancy that has an occupant load of not more than one person per 40 m² shall be classified according to their major occupancy as belonging to Group G, Division 1, 2, 3 or 4.

(2)Buildings or parts of buildings containing an agricultural occupancy that has an occupant load of more than one person per 40 m² shall be classified according to their major occupancy as belonging to one of the Groups and Divisions listed in Table 3.1.2.1. of Division B.

(3)For the purposes of Sentences (1) and (2), the occupant load shall be determined based on the floor area or the part of the floor area that contains the agricultural occupancy.

(4)A building intended for use by more than one major occupancy shall be classified according to all the major occupancies for which it is used or intended to be used.

2.1.2.3. Small Farm Buildings

(1)Except as provided in Sentences (2) to (6), farm buildings not more than 3 storeys in building height and not more than 600 m² in building area used for major occupancies classified as Group G, Division 1, 2, or 3 agricultural occupancies shall conform to the requirements in the CCBFC NRCC 38732 “National Farm Building Code of Canada.”

(2)Articles 1.1.1.2. and 3.1.8.1. and Subsections 3.1.4. and 4.1.4. in the CCBFC NRCC 38732 “National Farm Building Code of Canada” do not apply to farm buildings.

(3)Except as provided in Sentence (4), in the CCBFC NRCC 38732 National Farm Building Code of Canada, references in Articles 1.1.1.3., 2.2.2.1., 2.2.2.2., 2.3.1.1., 2.3.2.1., 3.1.1.1., 3.1.1.2., 3.1.2.1. and 3.1.6.1. to the CCBFC NRCC 38726 “National Building Code of Canada,” are deemed to be references to Ontario Regulation 403/97 (Building Code), as it read on December 30, 2006.

(4)The climatic values required for the design of farm buildings shall be in conformance with the climatic values provided in MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-1, “Climatic and Seismic Data.”

(5)A farm building of low human occupancy having a building are a not exceeding 600 m² and not more than three storeys in building height is deemed to comply with the structural requirements of CCBFC NRCC 38732 “National Building Code of Canada,” if it is designed and constructed in conformance with MMAH Supplementary Standard SB- 11, “Construction of Farm Buildings.”

(6)Where a floor area or portion of a floor area within a farm building is intended to contain a hazardous extraction operation involving cannabis, the floor area or portion of the floor area shall conform to the requirements of Article 2.2.8.9.

2.1.3. Definitions

2.1.3.1. Defined Terms

(1)Words that appear in italics are defined in Article 1.4.1.2. of Division A.

2.1.4. Classification of Farm Buildings by Major Occupancy (See Note A-3.1.2.)

2.1.4.1. Classification

(1)Every farm building or part of a farm building shall be classified according to its major occupancy as belonging to one of the Divisions of Group G described in Table 2.1.4.1. (See Note A-2.1.4.1.(1)) (See also Note A-2.2.8.3.)

Section 2.2 Fire Protection and Occupant Safety

2.2.1. General

2.2.1.1. Classification

(1)Every farm building or part of a farm building shall be classified in accordance with Subsection 2.1.4.

(2)Portions of farm buildings that do not contain Group G, Division 1, 2, 3 or 4 major occupancies shall be classified according to their major occupancy as belonging to one of the Groups or Divisions described in Table 3.1.2.1. and those portions shall conform to the requirements in Part 3. (See Note A-2.2.1.1.(2))

2.2.1.2. Prohibition of Occupancy Combinations

(1)Buildings classified as a Group G, Division 1 or 4 major occupancy shall not contain a Group A, B or C occupancy.

(2)Buildings classified as a Group G, Division 2 or 3 major occupancy shall not contain a Group A, Division 1 or 3, or Group B occupancy.

2.2.1.3. Exceptions for Major Occupancies

(1)In a farm building in which the aggregate area of all major occupancies in a particular Group or Division is not more than 10% of the floor area of the storey in which they are located, these major occupancies need not be considered as major occupancies for the purposes of Subsection 2.2.2., provided they are not classified as Group F, Division 1 or Group G, Division 1 occupancies.

2.2.1.4. Separation of Occupancies

(1)Except as provided in Sentence (2), major occupancies shall be separated from adjoining major occupancies by fire separations having fire-resistance ratings conforming to Table 2.2.1.4.

(2)If one major occupancy is located above another major occupancy, the fire-resistance rating of the floor assembly between the major occupancies shall be determined on the basis of the requirements of this Section for the lower major occupancy.

(3)Occupancies other than major occupancies shall be separated from adjoining occupancies belonging to a different Group or Division by fire separations having fire-resistance ratings that conform to Table 2.2.1.4., but need not be more than 1 h. Table 2.2.1.4. Major Occupancy Fire Separations

2.2.1.5. Fire Separations and Closures (See Note A-2.2.1.5.)

(1)Any wall, partition or floor assembly required to be a fire separation shall

(a)except as permitted by Sentence (2), be constructed as a continuous element, and

(b)as required in this Section, have a fire-resistance rating as specified. (See Note A-3.1.8.1.(1)(b))

(2)Openings in a fire separation shall be protected with closures, shafts or other means in conformance with Articles 3.1.8.3. to 3.1.8.19.

2.2.1.6. Penetrations in Fire Separations and Fire-Rated Assemblies

(1)Penetrations of a fire separation or a membrane forming part of an assembly required to have a fire-resistance rating shall conform to Articles 3.1.9.1. to 3.1.9.4.

2.2.1.7. Firewalls

(1)A firewall that separates a building or buildings with floor areas containing a Group G, Division 1 major occupancy shall be constructed as a fire separation of noncombustible construction having a fire-resistance rating not less than 4 h.

(2)A firewall that separates a building or buildings with floor areas containing a Group G major occupancy and a major occupancy prohibited by Article 2.2.1.2. shall be constructed as a fire separation of noncombustible construction having a fire-resistance rating not less than 4 h.

(3)Firewalls shall conform to the requirements of Articles 3.1.10.1. and 3.1.10.3. to 3.1.10.7., and Sentence 3.1.10.2.(3).

2.2.1.8. Fire Blocks

(1)Concealed spaces in interior wall, ceiling and crawl spaces shall be separated from concealed spaces in exterior walls and attic or roof spaces by fire blocks. (See Note A-2.2.1.8.(1))

(2)Concealed spaces in walls and partitions shall be separated by fire blocks into compartments not more than 3 m in height and 20 m in length.

(3)Horizontal concealed spaces within a floor assembly or roof assembly of combustible construction, in which sprinklers are not installed, shall be separated by fire blocks into compartments not more than 900 m² in area.

(4)Except as permitted by Sentence (5), fire blocks shall be constructed of materials that will remain in place and prevent the passage of flames for not less than 15 min when subjected to the standard fire exposure in CAN/ULC-S101, “Standard Method of Fire Endurance Tests of Building Construction and Materials.”

(5)Fire blocks need not be tested in conformance with Sentence (4) if they are constructed of not less than

(a)0.38 mm sheet steel,

(b)12.7 mm gypsum board,

(c)12.5 mm plywood, OSB or waferboard, with joints backed with similar material,

(d)two layers of lumber, each not less than 19 mm thick, with joints staggered, or

(e)38 mm lumber.

2.2.1.9. Additional Fire Separations

(1)Except as permitted by Sentence (2) and required by Sentence (3), fuel-fired appliances shall be installed in service rooms separated from the remainder of the farm building by

(a)a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min in a floor area that is not sprinklered throughout, or

(b)a fire separation not required to have a fire-resistance rating in a floor area that is sprinklered throughout.

(2)A fuel-fired appliance that serves only one room is not required to be installed in a service room separated from the remainder of the farm building.

(3)Incinerators shall be installed in service rooms that

(a)do not contain other fuel-fired appliances, and

(b)are separated from the remainder of the farm building by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than

(i)2 h, where the service room is adjacent to a Group G, Division 1 major occupancy in a floor area that is not sprinklered throughout,

(ii)1 h, where the service room is adjacent to a Group G, Division 1 major occupancy in a floor area that is sprinklered throughout,

(iii)1 h, where the service room is adjacent to a Group G, Division 2 or 3 major occupancy in a floor area that is not sprinklered throughout, or (iv) 30 min, where the service room is adjacent to a Group G, Division 2 or 3 major occupancy in a floor area that is sprinklered throughout. (4) A room containing a device that produces open flames, heat or sparks and used for crop drying shall be separated from the remainder of the farm building by (a) a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min in a floor area that is not sprinklered throughout, or (b) a fire separation not required to have a fire-resistance rating in a floor area that is sprinklered throughout. (5) A room intended to be used for repairing farm machinery shall be separated from the remainder of the farm building by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than (a) 1 h, in a floor area that is not sprinklered throughout, or (b) 30 min, in a floor area that is sprinklered throughout. (6) Storage areas for dangerous goods shall be separated from the remainder of the farm building in accordance with Sentences 3.3.6.2.(1) and (2).

2.2.1.10. Determination of Fire-Resistance Ratings

(1)Except as permitted by Sentence (2), the rating of a material, assembly of materials, or structural member that is required to have a fire-resistance rating shall be determined on the basis of the results of tests conducted in conformance with CAN/ULC-S101, “Standard Method of Fire Endurance Tests of Building Construction and Materials.”

(2)A material, assembly of materials, or structural member is permitted to be assigned a fire-resistance rating on the basis of MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-2, “Fire Performance Ratings.”

2.2.1.11. Determination of Flame-Spread Ratings

(1)Flame-spread ratings shall be determined in accordance with Article 3.1.12.1.

2.2.1.12. Flame-Spread Rating

(1)Except as provided in Sentences (2) and (3), the flame-spread rating of interior wall and ceiling finishes, including glazing and skylights, shall be not more than 150.

(2)The flame-spread rating of interior wall and ceiling finishes in exits shall conform to Sentence 3.1.13.2.(1).

(3)Subject to the requirement of Article 2.2.1.13., the flame-spread rating on any exposed surface of foamed plastic insulation, and on any surface that would be exposed by cutting through the insulation in any direction, shall be not more than 500.

2.2.1.13. Foamed Plastics

(1)Foamed plastics installed in farm buildings shall be protected in conformance with Sentence 3.1.4.2.(1).

2.2.1.14. Fabrics and Films

(1)Fabrics and films used in connection with tents and air-supported structures shall conform to CAN/ULC-S109, “Standard Method for Flame Tests of Flame-Resistant Fabrics and Films.”

2.2.1.15. Electrical Wiring and Equipment (See Note A-2.2.1.15.)

(1)Reserved.

(2)Electrical wiring installed in a concealed space shall be enclosed in rigid conduit or otherwise protected against damage. (See Note A-2.2.1.15.(2))

2.2.1.16. Wires and Cables

(1)Wires and cables installed in farm buildings shall conform to Article 3.1.4.3.

2.2.1.17. Occupant Load

(1)If a floor area or part of a floor area has been designed for an occupant load other than that prescribed in Sentence 1.3.3.6.(1) of Division A or this Part, a permanent sign indicating that occupant load shall be posted in a conspicuous location.

2.2.2. Building Size and Construction Relative to Major Occupancy

2.2.2.1. Farm Buildings with Multiple Agricultural Major Occupancies

(1)In a farm building containing more than one agricultural major occupancy classified in more than one Division, the building height and building area of the entire farm building shall be used in determining the construction requirements and the fire safety requirements for each of the major occupancies.

2.2.2.2. Exceptions in Determining Building Height

(1)The space above a mezzanine need not be considered as a storey, provided the conditions of Sentence 3.2.1.1.(3), (4), (5) or (7) are met.

(2)Platforms conforming to Sentence 3.2.1.1.(6) need not be considered as a storey.

2.2.2.3. Group G, Division 1, up to 3 Storeys, Limited Area, Sprinklered

(1)A building classified as Group G, Division 1 is permitted to be of combustible construction or noncombustible construction, used singly or in combination, provided

(a)the building is sprinklered throughout,

(b)the building is not more than 3 storeys in building height,

(c)the building has a building area not more than

(i)4 800 m², if 1 storey in building height,

(ii)2 400 m², if 2 storeys in building height, or

(iii)1 600 m², if 3 storeys in building height,

(d)floor assemblies, including the floor assembly immediately above a basement, are fire separations with a fire- resistance rating not less than 45 min, and

(e)loadbearing walls, columns and arches have a fire-resistance rating not less than that required for the supported assembly.

2.2.2.4. Group G, Division 1, One Storey

(1)A building classified as Group G, Division 1 is permitted to be of combustible construction or noncombustible construction, used singly or in combination, provided

(a)it is not more than 1 storey in building height, and

(b)except as provided in Sentence (2), it has a building area not more than 2 400 m².

(2)Where the building referred to in Sentence (1) is a farm building housing livestock with a below-floor storage area for liquid manure, the building is permitted to have a building area of any size.

2.2.2.5. Group G, Division 2, Any Height, Any Area, Sprinklered

(1)A building classified as Group G, Division 2 of any building height or building area is permitted to be of combustible construction or noncombustible construction, used singly or in combination, provided

(a)the building is sprinklered throughout,

(b)floor assemblies are fire separations with a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min, and

(c)loadbearing walls, columns and arches have a fire-resistance rating not less than that required for the supported assembly.

2.2.2.6. Group G, Division 2, up to 3 Storeys, Any Area

(1)A building classified as Group G, Division 2 of any building area is permitted to be of combustible construction or noncombustible construction, used singly or in combination, provided the building is not more than 3 storeys in building height.

2.2.2.7. Group G, Division 3, One Storey, Any Area

(1)A building classified as Group G, Division 3 of any building area is permitted to be of combustible construction or noncombustible construction, used singly or in combination, provided the building is not more than 1 storey in building height.

2.2.2.8. Group G, Division 4, Any Height, Any Area

(1)A building classified as Group G, Division 4 of any building height or building area is permitted to be of combustible construction or noncombustible construction, used singly or in combination.

2.2.3. Fire Alarm and Detection Systems

2.2.3.1. Determination of Requirement for a Fire Alarm System

(1)A fire alarm system complying with Sentence (2) shall be installed in a building that is not sprinklered throughout and that

(a)contains a Group G, Division 1 major occupancy with an occupant load more than 25, or

(b)contains a Group G, Division 2 or 3 major occupancy

(i)with an occupant load more than 150,

(ii)in a building more than 1 storey in building height, or

(iii)in a building with a basement used for a purpose other than the housing of service equipment.

(2)Except as otherwise provided in this Section, the fire alarm system required by Sentence (1) shall comply with Articles 3.2.4.2., 3.2.4.4., 3.2.4.5. and 3.2.4.17. and Sentences 3.2.4.9.(1) and (4).

2.2.3.2. Types of Fire Alarm Systems

(1)The fire alarm system required by Sentence 2.2.3.1.(1) shall be

(a)a single-stage system in a Group G, Division 1 major occupancy, and

(b)a single- or 2-stage system in a Group G, Division 2 or 3 major occupancy.

2.2.3.3. Design of Fire Alarm Systems

(1)Where a fire alarm system is required by Sentence 2.2.3.1.(1),

(a)the air-handling system, where provided, shall be designed to prevent the circulation of smoke upon a signal from a duct-type smoke detector if the air-handling system serves more than 1 storey, and

(b)a manual station shall be installed in every floor area near every exit.

2.2.3.4. Fire Alarm Signals

(1)Except as provided in Sentence (3), the fire alarm system required by Sentence 2.2.3.1.(1) shall include

(a)audible signal devices conforming to Sentences 3.2.4.18.(1) to (4), (7) and (11),

(b)an audible alarm signal device with a sound pressure level not less than 110 dBA installed on the exterior of the farm building, and

(c)visible signal devices installed in any floor area in which

(i)the ambient noise level is more than 87 dBA,

(ii)the occupants use ear protection devices, or

(iii)the occupants are located in sound-insulating enclosures.

(2)The visible signal devices required by Clause (1)(c) shall be installed so that the signal from at least one device is visible throughout the floor area or portion thereof in which they are installed. (See Note A-3.2.4.19.(3))

(3)The audible alarm signal devices referred to in Clauses (1)(a) and

(b)need not be provided in areas where animals are present, provided that visible signal devices are installed in accordance with Sentence (2).

2.2.3.5. Silencing of Alarm Signals

(1)The fire alarm system required by Sentence 2.2.3.1.(1) shall

(a)be designed so that when an alarm signal is actuated, it cannot be silenced automatically before a period of time has elapsed that is not less than 20 min, and

(b)not incorporate manual silencing switches other than those installed inside the fire alarm control unit.

2.2.3.6. Electrical Supervision

(1)Where an automatic sprinkler system is provided, it shall be electrically supervised to indicate a supervisory signal on a fire alarm system annunciator or a sprinkler system annunciator for each condition described in Sentence 3.2.4.9.(3).

2.2.3.7. Fire Detectors

(1)Where a fire alarm system is required in a farm building in accordance with Sentence 2.2.3.1.(1), fire detectors shall be

(a)except as provided in Sentence (2), installed throughout the farm building, and

(b)connected to the fire alarm system.

(2)The fire detectors referred to in Sentence (1) need not be provided within floor areas that are sprinklered.

2.2.4. Provisions for Firefighting

2.2.4.1. Fire Department Access to Buildings

(1)Access for fire department equipment shall be provided to each farm building by means of a street, private roadway or yard.

(2)Where access to a farm building as required in Sentence (1) is provided by means of a roadway or yard, the design and location of such roadway or yard shall take into account connection with public thoroughfares, weight of firefighting equipment, width of roadway, radius of curves, overhead clearance, location of fire hydrants, location of fire department connections and vehicular parking.

2.2.4.2. Automatic Sprinkler Systems

(1)Where an automatic sprinkler system is provided, it shall conform to Article 3.2.5.12.

(2)Where a fire pump is installed as part of the automatic sprinkler system referred to in Sentence (1), it shall conform to Article 3.2.5.18.

(3)The automatic sprinkler system referred to in Sentence (1) shall be equipped with waterflow-detecting devices that are

(a)installed in accordance with Sentence 3.2.4.15.(1), and

(b)connected to

(i)the fire alarm system, where provided, so that, upon its actuation, an alert signal or an alarm signal is initiated, or

(ii)an audible signal device, where a fire alarm system is not provided.

2.2.4.3. Portable Fire Extinguishers

(1)Portable extinguishers shall be provided and installed in accordance with the provisions of Part 6 of Division B of the Fire Code made under the Fire Protection and Prevention Act, 1997.

2.2.5. Emergency Lighting

2.2.5.1. Minimum Lighting Requirements

(1)Where lighting is provided in a farm building, emergency lighting shall be provided to an average level of illumination not less than 10 lx at floor or tread level in

(a)exits, and

(b)principal routes providing access to exit in open floor areas and in service rooms.

(2)The minimum value of the illumination required by Sentence (1) shall be 1 lx.

(3)An emergency power supply shall be

(a)provided to maintain the emergency lighting required by Sentence (1) from a power source such as batteries or generators that will continue to supply,

(b)power in the event that the regular power supply to the farm building is interrupted, and

(c)designed and installed such that, upon failure of the regular power, it will assume the electrical load automatically for a period of 30 min.

2.2.6. Safety within Farm Buildings

2.2.6.1. Means of Egress

(1)Means of egress complying with this Subsection shall be provided from every floor area containing a Group G, Division 1, 2 or 3 major occupancy.

(2)If a platform or contained open space is provided, egress requirements shall conform to the appropriate requirements of Article 2.2.6.2. for rooms.

(3)Means of egress from roofs shall be provided in accordance with Sentence 3.3.1.3.(3).

(4)Means of egress from rooftop enclosures shall be provided in accordance with Sentences 3.3.1.3.(5) and (6).

2.2.6.2. Egress Doorways

(1)Except as provided in Sentence (2), at least one egress doorway shall be provided from every room.

(2)A minimum of 2 egress doorways located so that one doorway could provide egress from the room as required by Article 2.2.6.3. if the other doorway becomes inaccessible to the occupants due to a fire originating in the room, shall be provided for every room

(a)that is used for a Group G, Division 1 major occupancy, other than one housing livestock with a below-floor storage area for liquid manure, where the area of the room is more than

(i)15 m², in a floor area that is not sprinklered throughout, or

(ii)30 m², in a floor area that is sprinklered throughout,

(b)in a floor area that is not sprinklered throughout and contains a Group G, Division 1 major occupancy housing livestock with a below-floor storage area for liquid manure or a Group G, Division 2 or 3 major occupancy, where

(i)the area of the room is more than 200 m², or

(ii)the travel distance within the room to the nearest egress doorway is more than 15 m, or

(c)in a floor area that is sprinklered throughout and contains a Group G, Division 1 major occupancy housing livestock with a below-floor storage area for liquid manure or a Group G, Division 2 or 3 major occupancy, where

(i)the area of the room is more than 300 m², or

(ii)the travel distance within the room to the nearest egress doorway is more than 25 m.

(3)Where 2 egress doorways are required by Sentence (2), they shall be placed at a distance from one another equal to or greater than one third of the maximum overall diagonal dimension of the area to be served, measured as the shortest distance that smoke would have to travel between the nearest required egress doorways.

2.2.6.3. Travel Distance

(1)If more than one egress doorway is required from a room referred to in Sentence 2.2.6.2.(2), the travel distance within the room to the nearest egress doorway shall not exceed the maximum travel distance specified in Article 2.2.7.5. for exits.

2.2.6.4. Headroom Clearance

(1)Except within a service space, the minimum headroom clearance in every access to exit shall conform to the requirements of Article 3.4.3.4. for exits.

2.2.6.5. Access to Exits

(1)The minimum width of an access to exit, including obstructions, shall be 750 mm.

(2)A fuel-fired appliance shall not be installed in a corridor serving as an access to exit.

2.2.6.6. Door Swing

(1)Except as provided in Sentence (2), a door that provides access to exit from a room shall

(a)be a sliding door, or

(b)swing on its vertical axis.

(2)A door that opens into a facility providing access to exit from a room that is used for a Group G, Division 1 major occupancy, other than one housing livestock with a below-floor storage area for liquid manure, shall swing on a vertical axis in the direction of travel to the exit.

2.2.6.7. Doors and Door Hardware

(1)A door that provides access to exit from a room shall

(a)provide a clear opening of not less than 750 mm if there is only one door leaf,

(b)in a doorway with multiple leaves, have the active leaf providing a clear opening of not less than 750 mm,

(c)not open onto a step, and

(d)except as provided in Sentence (2), have a threshold not more than 13 mm higher than the surrounding finished floor surface.

(2)The door referred to in Sentence (1) is permitted to have a threshold not more than 100 mm higher than the surrounding finished floor surface, where the threshold is used to confine

(a)the spillage of liquids classified as dangerous goods within a room, or

(b)animal litter within an animal containment area.

(3)Door release hardware shall conform to Article 2.2.7.8.

2.2.6.8. Ramps and Stairways

(1)Except as permitted by Sentence (3), ramps and stairways that do not serve as exits shall

(a)be not less than 750 mm wide, and

(b)conform to Articles 3.3.1.16., 3.4.3.4., 3.4.6.1. to 3.4.6.3., 3.4.6.8. and 3.4.6.9.

(2)Except as permitted by Sentence (3), the maximum slope of a ramp shall be 1 in 6.

(3)Ramps and stairways need not comply with Sentences (1) and (2), provided

(a)they are intended only

(i)for occasional use for servicing equipment and machinery, or

(ii)for use as animal handling ramps, and

(b)they do not serve as exits.

2.2.6.9. Floor Openings

(1)Except as provided in Article 2.2.6.10., floor openings shall be provided with a cover at floor level that is capable of resisting the loads specified in Section 2.3. for the adjacent area of floor.

(2)Openings through the cover required by Sentence (1) shall be of a size that prevents the passage of a spherical object whose diameter is more than 100 mm.

2.2.6.10. Guards

(1)Except as provided in Sentence (3), a guard not less than 1 070 mm high shall be provided

(a)around floor openings, where provision of a cover in accordance with Sentence 2.2.6.9.(1) is not practical, and

(b)at locations where the difference in elevation between two adjacent surfaces is more than 600 mm.

(2)The guard required by Sentence (1) shall consist of

(a)a top railing,

(b)an intermediate rail located at the mid-height of the guard, and

(c)where tools or other objects could fall from an upper floor surface onto a person on an adjacent lower surface, a toe board extending not less than 125 mm above the upper floor surface.

(3)Sentence (1) does not apply

(a)to vehicle repair pits,

(b)to loading docks, or

(c)where access is provided for maintenance purposes only.

2.2.6.11. Signage

(1)Warning signs shall be installed in accordance with Subsection 2.14.2. of Division B B of the NRCC-CONST- 56437E 2020, “National Fire Code of Canada.”

2.2.6.12. Transparent Doors and Panels

(1)A glass or transparent door shall be designed and constructed so that the existence and position of the door is readily apparent, by attaching visually contrasting hardware, bars or other permanent fixtures to it.

(2)Transparent doors and panels shall conform to Sentences 3.3.1.20.(2), (3) and (6).

(3)Transparent panels used in a door that provides access to exit that, because of their physical configuration or design, could be mistaken as a means of egress shall be made inaccessible by barriers or railings.

2.2.7. Exits

2.2.7.1. Exit Facilities

(1)Exit facilities complying with this Subsection shall be provided from every floor area containing a Group G, Division 1, 2 or 3 major occupancy. (See Note A-2.2.7.1.(1))

2.2.7.2. Types of Exits (See Note A-2.2.7.2.)

(1)An exit from any floor area shall be one of the following:

(a)an exterior doorway conforming to Sentences 2.2.7.6.(1) and (2) and Articles 2.2.7.7., 2.2.7.8. and 3.4.6.11.,

(b)an openable window or panel conforming to Sentence 2.2.7.6.(3), or

(c)an exit facility listed in Article 3.4.1.4. that conforms to Articles 3.4.1.5., 3.4.1.6. and 3.4.6.10., Sentence 3.4.2.2.(1) and Subsection 3.4.4.

2.2.7.3. Minimum Number of Exits

(1)Except as provided by Sentences (2) and (3), every floor area shall be served by at least 2 exits.

(2)A floor area classified as a Group G, Division 1 major occupancy is permitted to be served by a single exit, provided the floor area is not more than

(a)10 m², where the floor area is not sprinklered throughout, or

(b)20 m², where the floor area is sprinklered throughout.

(3)A floor area classified as a Group G, Division 2 or 3 major occupancy is permitted to be served by a single exit, provided the floor area is not more than

(a)200 m², where the floor area is not sprinklered throughout, or

(b)300 m², where the floor area is sprinklered throughout.

2.2.7.4. Distance Between Exits

(1)The minimum distance between 2 exits from a floor area shall be one half the maximum diagonal dimension of the floor area.

2.2.7.5. Location of Exits

(1)Except as permitted by Sentence (2), the travel distance to at least one exit shall be not more than

(a)30 m, in a floor area that contains a Group G, Division 1 major occupancy, other than one housing livestock with a below-floor storage area for liquid manure,

(b)60 m, in a floor area that contains a Group G, Division 1 major occupancy housing livestock with a below-floor storage area for liquid manure,

(c)60 m, in a floor area that contains a Group G, Division 2 or 3 major occupancy and that is not sprinklered throughout, and

(d)90 m, in a floor area that contains a Group G, Division 2 or 3 major occupancy and that is sprinklered throughout.

(2)A floor area containing a Group G, Division 3 major occupancy need not comply with Sentence (1), provided

(a)exits are placed not more than 60 m apart along the perimeter of the floor area, and

(b)each main aisle in the floor area

(i)leads directly to an exit in at least two opposite directions, and

(ii)a minimum width of 750 mm.

(3)Exits shall be located and arranged in conformance with Sentence 3.4.2.5.(3).

2.2.7.6. Width and Height of Exits

(1)The minimum clear width of an exterior doorway used as an exit shall be 750 mm.

(2)Except as provided in Sentence (3), the minimum headroom clearance in every exit shall conform to Article 3.4.3.4.

(3)An openable window or panel used as an exit shall have

(a)an opening not less than 900 mm by 550 mm, and

(b)a fire escape or stair, where required by Article 2.2.7.9.

2.2.7.7. Direction of Exit Door Swing

(1)Except as permitted by Sentence (2), every exit door shall

(a)open in the direction of exit travel, and

(b)swing on its vertical axis.

(2)Exit doors that serve a Group G, Division 2 major occupancy housing animals need not conform to Clause (1)(a).

2.2.7.8. Exit Door Hardware

(1)Door release hardware on exit doors shall

(a)be operable with one hand,

(b)permit the door to be readily opened from the inside with not more than one releasing operation and without requiring keys, special devices or specialized knowledge of the door-opening mechanism, and

(c)be installed not more than 1 200 mm above the finished floor.

2.2.7.9. Exit Stairs and Fire Escapes

(1)Where an exterior doorway used as an exit is more than 300 mm above adjacent ground level, a stair or fire escape shall be provided.

(2)Where the bottom of an openable window or panel used as an exit is more than 2 500 mm above adjacent ground level, a stair or fire escape shall be provided.

(3)Fire escapes required by Sentences (1) and (2) shall conform to Articles 3.4.7.2. and 3.4.7.4. to 3.4.7.7.

(4)Exit stairs shall conform to Clause 3.4.6.1.(1)(a) and Articles 3.4.6.3. to 3.4.6.6. and 3.4.6.8.

(5)The minimum width of exit stairs shall be 900 mm.

2.2.7.10. Exit Signs

(1)Farm buildings shall comply with the requirements for exit signs stated in Subsection 3.4.5.

2.2.8. Hazardous Substances, Processes and Equipment

2.2.8.1. General

(1)Except as provided in Sentences (2) to (4), the storage, handling and use of hazardous substances shall be in conformance with

(a)the Fire Code made under the Fire Protection and Prevention Act, 1997, or

(b)the NRCC-CONST-56437E 2020, “National Fire Code of Canada., in the absence of regulations referred to in Clause (a). (See Note A-3.3.1.2.(1))

(2)Farm buildings or parts of farm buildings used for the storage, handling, use and processing of dangerous goods shall comply with Articles 3.3.6.1. to 3.3.6.7.

(3)The production, handling, storage and utilization of biogas shall be in conformance with ANSI/CSA-B149.6, “Code for digester gas, landfill gas, and biogas generation and utilization.”

(4)Where Article 3.2.9.1. of Division B of the NRCC-CONST-56437E 2020, “National Fire Code of Canada” applies due to the quantity and nature of the stored product, farm buildings used for the storage of ammonium nitrate shall

(a)be classified as Group G, Division 2 major occupancies, and

(b)comply with Sentence 3.3.6.6.(1).

(5)Systems for the ventilation of cooking equipment that is used in processes producing grease-laden vapours shall be designed and installed in conformance with Articles 3.6.3.5., 6.3.1.6. and 6.9.1.3. (See Note A-3.3.1.2.(2))

2.2.8.2. Exhaust Ventilation and Explosion Venting

(1)Except as provided in Sentence (3), an exhaust ventilation system designed in conformance with the appropriate requirements of Section 2.4. shall be provided in a farm building or part of a farm building in which dust, fumes, gases, vapours or other impurities or contaminants have the potential to create a fire or explosion hazard.

(2)Except as provided in Sentence (3), farm buildings shall comply with Sentence 3.3.1.21.(3).

(3)Farm buildings housing livestock with a below-floor storage area for liquid manure need not comply with Sentences (1) and (2), provided they comply with Article 2.2.8.3. (See Note A-2.2.8.2.(3))

2.2.8.3. Below-Floor Storage Areas for Liquid Manure (See Note A-2.2.8.3.)

(1)Farm buildings housing livestock with a below-floor storage area for liquid manure shall be provided with a ventilation system conforming to Subsection 2.4.2.

(2)Where the ventilation system required by Sentence (1) relies on electrical power for normal operation, it shall be provided with an emergency power supply conforming to Sentence (3).

(3)The emergency power supply required by Sentence (2) shall be

(a)supplied from a generator, batteries or a combination thereof,

(b)equipped with audible and visible trouble indicators,

(c)capable of operating the trouble indicators for not less than 24 h,

(d)capable of operating the ventilation system under full load for not less than 2 h, and

(e)designed so that, in the event of a failure of the normal power source to the farm building, there is an immediate automatic transfer to emergency power.

(4)Where a fuel-fired engine or turbine for the emergency power supply required by Sentence (2) is dependent on a fuel supply located outside the farm building, the fuel supply shall be provided with a shut-off valve in conformance with Article 3.2.7.7.

(5)Where exhaust piping for the emergency power supply required by Sentence (2) penetrates a required fire separation, the piping shall be enclosed in a service space that is separated from the remainder of the farm building by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than that of the penetrated fire separation, but not less than 45 min.

2.2.8.4. Welding and Cutting

(1)Except as provided in Sentence (2), welding and cutting operations shall be carried out in a room conforming to Sentence 3.3.1.26.(1). (See Note A-2.2.8.4.(1))

(2)Sentence (1) need not apply to agricultural occupancies where the welding and cutting operations do not present a fire or explosion hazard to adjacent areas.

2.2.8.5. Liquid Manure Storage Tanks and Piping Systems

(1)This Article does not apply to below-floor storage areas for liquid manure.

(2)Access covers for liquid manure storage tanks shall be designed in accordance with Section 2.3. to support the imposed loads.

(3)Access covers for liquid manure storage tanks that weigh less than 20 kg shall be equipped with locking devices.

(4)Ladders shall not be installed on closed liquid manure storage tanks.

(5)Liquid manure storage tanks without a cover that are located outdoors shall be surrounded by a permanent safety fence or wall that

(a)extends not less than 1.5 m above adjacent ground level,

(b)is adequately secured at ground level, and

(c)has gates with latches.

(6)Where an access point for filling, agitation, emptying or a similar operation is provided for a liquid manure storage tank described in Sentence (5), a curb or barrier shall be installed between the access point and the storage tank that is

(a)not less than 450 mm high, or

(b)of sufficient height to prevent unintended vehicle entry.

2.2.8.6. Gas Traps or Valves (See Note A-2.2.8.6.)

(1)Except as permitted by Sentence (2), where storage tanks for liquids capable of releasing hazardous gases or vapours are connected to a farm building by a piping system, a gas trap or valve shall be installed in the piping system to prevent such gases or vapours from entering the farm building.

(2)Where storage tanks for liquid manure are connected to a farm building by a piping system, a pull plug is permitted to be installed in the piping system to prevent hazardous gases and vapours from entering the farm building.

2.2.8.7. Dangerous Goods Storage

(1)The storage of dangerous goods in packages or containers in farm buildings or parts of farm buildings shall comply with Parts 3 and 4 of Division B of NRCC-CONST-56437E 2020, “National Fire Code of Canada.”

2.2.8.8. Pesticide Storage Areas

(1)In addition to the requirements of Article 2.2.8.7., pesticide storage areas in farm buildings shall be designed in conformance with this Article.

(2)Pesticide storage areas shall be

(a)ventilated with outdoor air in accordance with Subsection 2.4.2. by dedicated natural or mechanical means at a rate sufficient to prevent the accumulation of dangerous goods classified as toxic or flammable gases,

(b)accessible only from the outdoors, and

(c)secured against unauthorized entry.

(3)Floors of pesticide storage areas shall

(a)be constructed of concrete or other impervious material,

(b)not have a floor drain, and

(c)be provided with a curb at the perimeter of the storage area that is

(i)designed to contain accidental spillage of the largest container in the storage area, and

(ii)not less than 50 mm high.

(4)Pesticide storage areas shall be separated from

(a)food, feed and water supplies,

(b)other occupancies by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h, and

(c)other buildings by a limiting distance not less than 6 m.

2.2.8.9. Hazardous Extraction Operation Involving Cannabis

(1)Where a floor area or portion of a floor area within a farm building is intended to contain a hazardous extraction operation involving cannabis, the floor area or portion of the floor area shall be designed and constructed to comply with,

(a)the requirements for locking, latching and other fastening devices for doors set out in Article 2.7.2.2. of Division B of the Fire Code made under the Fire Protection and Prevention Act, 1997,

(b)the ventilation requirements set out in Articles 4.1.7.2. to 4.1.7.6. of Division B of the Fire Code, where the hazardous extraction operation is intended to involve the use of flammable liquids or combustible liquids, and

(c)the ventilation requirements set out in Clauses 5.1.4.2.(1)(a) to

(d)and

(g)of Division B of the Fire Code, where the hazardous extraction operation is intended to involve the use of flammable gases.

Section 2.3 Structural Loads and Procedures

2.3.1. Structural Design Requirements

2.3.1.1. General

(1)Except as otherwise provided in this Section, the structural design of farm buildings shall conform to Part 4. (See Note A-2.3.1.1.(1))

(2)Except as provided in Sentence (3), farm buildings shall be classified in the Low Importance Category as described in Table 4.1.2.1.

(3)Liquid manure storage tanks shall be classified in the Normal Importance Category as described in Table 4.1.2.1.

(4)In lieu of the requirements of Article 4.2.2.1., a subsurface investigation of the farm building site is permitted to be carried out by a suitably qualified person prior to or during construction.

2.3.2. Loads Due to Use and Occupancy

2.3.2.1. Loads Supported on a Floor or Suspended from a Ceiling

(1)In addition to the requirements of Article 4.1.5.3., the specified live load supported on a floor or suspended from a ceiling shall be not less than the applicable value listed in Table 2.3.2.1. Table 2.3.2.1. Minimum Specified Live Loads on a Floor or Ceiling Forming Part of Sentence 2.3.2.1.(1)

2.3.2.2. Poultry Manure

(1)Areas designed for the accumulation of poultry manure, such as solid floors and dropping pits under a wire floor, slotted floor or cage, shall be designed for a specified live load of not less than 1 kPa for each 100 mm depth of manure.

(2)Where machinery or vehicles not exceeding 1 000 kg in gross weight are used for manure clean-out in a poultry barn, the barn floor shall be designed for a specified two-wheel live load of not less than 6 kN in addition to the specified live load prescribed in Sentence (1).

2.3.2.3. Stored Products

(1)Floors supporting stored products shall be designed for the specified live load due to their intended use and occupancy, but not for less than 5 kPa. (See Note A-2.3.2.3.(1))

2.3.2.4. Farm Machinery and Vehicles

(1)The specified uniformly distributed live load on an area of floor used for farm machinery or vehicles shall be

(a)for farm machinery and vehicles not exceeding 4 000 kg in gross weight, not less than 2.4 kPa,

(b)for farm machinery and vehicles exceeding 4 000 kg but not exceeding 9 000 kg in gross weight, not less than 6 kPa, and

(c)for farm machinery and vehicles exceeding 9 000 kg in gross weight, not less than 12 kPa.

(2)The specified live load due to possible concentrations of load resulting from the use of an area of floor for farm machinery or vehicles shall comply with Article 4.1.5.9.

(3)Where an area of floor is used for processing or for loading or unloading of vehicles, the minimum specified live loads prescribed in Sentences (1) and (2) shall be increased by 50% for the area.

2.3.2.5. Liquid Manure Storage Tanks (0.1) Liquid manure storage tanks shall be constructed of steel, reinforced concrete or prestressed concrete.

(1)Tops of liquid manure storage tanks that are accessible to vehicular traffic or used as a floor in a farm building shall be designed for the loads due to their intended use and occupancy.

(2)Tops of liquid manure storage tanks that are located outdoors but not exposed to vehicular traffic shall be designed for the dead load plus the snow and rain loads prescribed in Subsection 4.1.6. or for the dead load plus 2 kPa, whichever produces the most critical effect.

(3)Walls and partitions of liquid manure storage tanks shall be designed for

(a)an internal lateral pressure based on an equivalent fluid density of 10 kN/m 3 for liquid manure, and

(b)the anticipated internal lateral ice pressure. (See Note A-2.3.2.5.(3))

(4)Vertical external walls of liquid manure storage tanks located below ground level shall be designed for

(a)the anticipated lateral earth pressure, which shall not be used to reduce the effects of the internal lateral pressures specified in Sentence (3), and (See Note A-2.3.2.5.(4)(a))

(b)a lateral surcharge load of 5 kPa, applied uniformly below ground level, where earth within 1.5 m of the walls is subject to vehicular loads.

(5)Concrete for liquid manure storage tanks shall

(a)be made from HS or HSb cement,

(b)have a 28-day strength of at least 32 MPa, and

(c)have a water/cement materials ratio of not more than 0.45.

(6)Liquid manure storage tank walls, bases and appurtenances, including piping for the conveyance of liquid manure and associated connections and joints, shall be designed and constructed to minimize leakage of liquid manure. (See Note A-2.3.2.5.(6))

(7)Liquid manure storage tanks shall be placed on undisturbed soil free of any organic, deleterious and extraneous materials and capable of supporting the superimposed design loads from the tanks.

(8)Where granular fills are used between the bases of liquid manure storage tanks and the undisturbed soil, the granular fills shall be compacted to a Standard Proctor density of not less than 95%.

2.3.3. Loads Due to Snow

2.3.3.1. Unobstructed Slippery Roofs

(1)For unobstructed slippery roofs of farm buildings with a roof slope, α, greater than 15° but not greater than 60° from the horizontal, where snow and ice can slide completely off the roof, the slope factor, C s

2.3.3.2. Roof Areas of Greenhouses

(1)In a farm building classified as a Group G, Division 3 major occupancy where heating and drainage systems are installed to prevent the accumulation of snow and water, the supporting structure for the light-transmitting roof areas is permitted to be designed for a specified roof snow load of not less than 1 kPa, provided

(a)the heating system is capable of maintaining a minimum interior temperature of 10°C throughout the farm building, and

(b)an emergency power supply is provided that

(i)is supplied from a power source such as batteries, a generator, or a combination thereof, and

(ii)will continue to supply power to the heating system in the event that the regular power supply to the farm building is interrupted.

2.3.4. Loads Due to Earthquakes (See Note A-2.3.4.)

2.3.4.1. Application Limitation

(1)Farm buildings need not be designed for loads due to earthquakes in accordance with Subsection 4.1.8. where

(a)the Seismic Category is SC1, or

(b)the Seismic Category is SC2, and the R d

(2)For the purpose of Sentence (1), the Seismic Category is permitted to be determined on the basis of I E

(3)For the purpose of Sentences (1) and (2), the Seismic Category is permitted to be determined by assigning Site Class D without carrying out a subsurface investigation.

Section 2.4 Heating, Ventilating and Air-Conditioning

2.4.1. General

2.4.1.1. Application

(1)Except as provided in Sentence (2), and except as otherwise provided in this Section, systems and equipment for heating, ventilating and air-conditioning services in farm buildings shall conform to Part 6.

(2)Farm buildings need not comply with Articles 6.3.1.3. and 6.4.1.1. and Sentences 6.3.2.8.(3) and 6.3.2.10.(13).

2.4.2. Ventilation

2.4.2.1. Required Ventilation

(1)Except as provided in Sentence (2), the rates at which outdoor air is supplied in farm buildings by ventilation systems shall be in accordance with good engineering practice as described in Article 6.2.1.1. (See Note A-2.4.2.1.(1))

(2)Except as otherwise provided in this Subsection, farm buildings containing a Group G, Division 4 major occupancy need not comply with Sentence (1).

2.4.2.2. Greenhouses

(1)Except as provided in Sentence (2), where a fuel-fired appliance is installed in a farm building containing a Group G, Division 3 major occupancy, separate combustion air and flue systems shall be provided.

(2)Sentence (1) need not apply where the fuel-fired appliance

(a)is specifically designed as a generator of carbon dioxide for enrichment of the atmosphere in the farm building, and

(b)conforms to CSA B149.1, “Natural gas and propane installation code.”

2.4.2.3. Controlled-Atmosphere Storage Areas (See Note A-2.4.2.3.)

(1)This Article applies to controlled-atmosphere storage areas that, during storage periods, contain an atmosphere with an oxygen content less than 19.5% or more than 23% by volume.

(2)During storage periods, controlled-atmosphere storage areas need not comply with Sentence 2.4.2.1.(1).

(3)Prior to a controlled-atmosphere storage area being accessed after a storage period and while the storage area is accessible between storage periods, the ventilation system of the storage area shall

(a)supply outdoor air to the storage area at a rate in accordance with Sentence 2.4.2.1.(1), and

(b)ensure that the atmosphere in the storage area has an oxygen content not less than 19.5% and not more than 23% by volume.

(4)A warning sign shall be provided at each entrance to a controlled-atmosphere storage area in accordance with Sentence 2.14.2.1.(5) of Division B of the NRCC-CONST-56437E 2020, “National Fire Code of Canada.”

2.4.2.4. Silos and Grain Storage Bins

(1)Where an enclosed tower silo, horizontal silo, or grain storage bin is connected to an adjacent feed room, mechanical exhaust ventilation shall be provided to remove air from the lowest floor level of the feed room to the outdoors at a rate not less than 3 air changes per hour.

(2)The ventilation system of the farm building in which the feed room referred to in Sentence (1) is located shall be designed to prevent airflow from the feed room to any other part of the floor area of the farm building.

(3)Enclosed horizontal silos shall be ventilated by

(a)openings at roof or eave level with an area not less than 1% of the floor area of the silo that consist of

(i)a continuous ridge opening,

(ii)openings in both gable ends, or

(iii)openings in the eaves on each side of the roof, and

(b)openings at floor level with an area not less than 1% of the floor area of the silo. (See Note A-2.4.2.4.(3)(b)) (See Note A-2.4.2.4.(3))

2.4.2.5. Below-Floor Storage of Liquid Manure (See Note A-2.4.2.5.) (See also Note A-2.2.8.3.)

(1)Farm buildings housing livestock with below-floor storage of liquid manure shall be provided with a ventilation system that supplies outdoor air at a rate that is

(a)sufficient to limit the concentrations of dangerous goods classified as flammable gases to not more than 25% of their lower explosive limit,

(b)sufficient to limit the concentrations of dangerous goods classified as toxic gases to those permitted in the ACGIH's “Industrial Ventilation: A Manual of Recommended Practice for Design,” and

(c)not less than 2 air changes per hour. (See Note A-2.4.2.5.(1))

2.4.3. Heating Appliances

2.4.3.1. Location of Appliances

(1)Fuel-fired heating appliances shall be located and separated from the remainder of the farm building in conformance with Article 2.2.1.9.